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Leader (1850-1860), 4th January 1851, Edition Country of 2, Page 20

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      Papal Aggression". London, Nov. 24, 1850...

      submitting to the spiritual authority of the Pope ? No . Then , how absurd is it for us to talk of the Pope ' s aggression on the Queen as the spiritual head of the Church of England , over the members of which he can exercise no authority against their free-will . In concluding this letter , I am sorry to confess that , of the two Churches , as at present constituted , I look upon the Church of Rome as the one most likely to last in scecula sceculorum ; firstly , because of the hold that Church has over ill-regulated , but

      religious , minds , which , from early life , are transmitted by creeds , and taught rather to fear than to love their Creator ; and over those who , as is so frequently the case with the fairer sex , have never had full scope given to their reasoning faculties , and are constantly swayed and guided by their feelings and affections ; and , secondly , on account of the opposition offered by the clergy of the Church of England to the secular education of the people , unless accompanied by their own dogmatic theology .

      Again , the Church of Rome relieves the doubting soul of all responsibility by __ the _ impudent assumption of infallibility . The Church of England , on the contrary , professes perfect liberty of private judgment ; and then , dreading to give real effect to her own profession , immediately fetters the conscience of her ministers by stipulating that thirty-nine mystic articles shall be signed and adhered to as the

      eondition upon which they are to remain members _ ofjthe Protestant Church . * Is this the liberty of conscience so much boasted of by Protestants ? Until the Church of England has found sufficient strength to make itself really free , by the abolition of all theological creeds , to which few men have ever agreed in the same sense , and merely limits itself to an acknowledgment of one God , the universal Creator , and to an injunction to its ministers and members to walk diligently in obedience to the moral precepts so divinely inculcated by Christ , the zealous Protestants of England must never expect to have a real National Church , but must live in dread of perpetual " perversions" to that Church which boldly declares it 3 elf the only true Church , and still more boldly seeks to deprive the human race of its individuality and the keeping o" its own conscience . —Yours sincerelv , W . H . D .

      20 Gin 9**** 9t. [Sartwdah,

      20 GIN 9 **** 9 t . [ SArtWDAH ,

      Points For " Protestant" Consideration. ...

      POINTS FOR " PROTESTANT" CONSIDERATION . Dec . 23 , 1850 . Sir , —If any " Protestant" will be kind enough to clear away the difficulties involved in the following main points , relative to the " fabled aggression , " I shall be more inclined to join the " - x o-Popery" party than I am at present : — 1 . It is asserted that Queen Victoria ' s prerogative has been invaded by the Pope ' s recent bishop-making bull ; but as her Majesty never possessed , or claimed to possess , the power of creating Roman Catholic bishops , how can that assertion be maintained ?

      2 . It is asserted that the Pope has usurped the power which properly belongs to Parliament by his creation of bishoprics in this country , but as Parliament only claims and exercises the power of creating Protestant bishoprics of the Established Church , hotf can that assertion be maintained ? 3 . What is the definition of a bishopric according to the English constitution ? Might it not be defined as a division of territory for ecclesiastical purposes of the Established Church , governed by a Protestant bishop , who , in virtue of his oilice ,

      possesses certain privileges , rights , and revenues ? If bo , are the new Popish bishoprics included in this definition ? Do the governors of these new Popish bishoprics in any way encroach upon the privileges , rights , and revenues of the Protestant bishops ? And arc they not as unconnected with the spiritual prerogatives of the Queen as the superiors of the Wcslcyan body ? I cannot see , then , how the English constitution has boon invaded by the erection of Roman Catholic bishoprics which in no respect interfere with the full working and lawful rights of the

      Pi'otestunt episcopacy . 4 . Tho Popish hierarchy has not added to the arguments in favour of Popery , nor have the " bishops" encrcased their eflicioncy for " conversion" purposes ; their liberty of teaching , preaching , and cajoling is not greater than it was before the Pupal Hull . Where , then , is the " aggression" on the Protestant faith ? In what respect is it , a religious ' aggression" for a man to call himself bishop of an English town , everybody knowing that his

      jurisdiction is only < . pirituul over those who are willing to submit to it ? 5 . The Popish bishops have not a jot more civil power or authority in relation to the laws and constitution of this kingdom than they preyiouwly poaaesBcd im Vicarn-Apostolic . Their additional elevation is merely nominal and fictitious in it . H relation to the eeclobiastical and general laws of tho lund ; iln reality is exclusively Sectarian . When ; , then , is the political " aggression" so noisily denounced ?

      (> . It in assorted that tin ; Pope ignores the Queen h npirituiil HuprcmiKiy ; but ho dot ; ** every l ' rotestant That tliis w . iul . of triii- IVim-iIoiii of opinion in tlm Cliunli of " Kugluuil In tin ; 1 ' imI r . uituiof llii ) inoii-uttiiitf iiiunl > r tlm Komiiii CntliolicH , ih provoil liy all tlm" peivtit tii " having como h ' Oiu llu > bonom of tho Church , uiul not I ' rvin among OJabontoiB .

      Dissenter . The Queen is not head of the Roman Catholic Church any more than she is head of the Jewish faith . The Pope does not , cannot deny Victoria to be head of the Church of England , which is as much a political fact as that Louis Napoleon is President of the French Republic . To accuse " his Holiness" of insulting her Majesty on this score is a fanatical absurdity . 7 . It is also asserted that as the Queen is the fountain of all title of honour , for an Englishman to

      accept an . English title from a foreign power is an infringement of the royal prerogative . I reply that the title of bishop is not in the same category with the title of duke or earl . " Bishop" is a name of office—a spiritual not a temporal title to which the Papists have a right as an Apostolic Church . To quarrel with them for annexing the name of a British locality to th at title is in truth to fight out a vox et preterea nihil . 8 . A dignified and self-reliant Protestantism would not have been so disturbed , at a power it

      refuses to recognise , and always identifies with Antichrist . To object to the Popish bishops is to admit that the Pope has civil and spiritual jurisdiction in these realms . ^ . G .

      Mr. Dawson And The Mayor Of Grantham. Bi...

      Mr . DAWSON and the MAYOR of GRANTHAM . Birmingham . Jan . 1 ,-1851 . Stp , —Sr > rop _ time back- ^ the—vicar of-Grantham honoured me with two furious pastorals , in which he employed the usual epithets applied by ignorant and irascible clergymen to the teachers of what they think unsound doctrines . These pastorals had the usual effect , they greatly enlarged the audiences . This year the mayor , a worthy , but weak man , has taken , up the vicar ' s unsuccessful task ; he refuses the room because he thinks " the principles held by me would , if carried out , be prejudicial to the best interests of society . " I send you a copy of the bill issued on the occasion ; it is a curiosity * . The chapel was filled and the poor mayor disappointed . I am , yours , right truly , George Dawson .

      Public Literary Institution, Mahkbt-Pxac...

      Public Literary Institution , Mahkbt-pxacb , Grantham . —A . requisition signed by more than one hundred inhabitants of the Borough having been presented to the mayor , requesting the use of the Townhall , for a lecture to be ^ delivered by Mr . George Dawson , on " Circumstances , " and the mayor having refused to comply with their request ; the public are informed , that the Primitive Methodist Chapel , Commercial-road , has been kindly lent for the occasion , it being the most eligible building of sufficient extent that could be obtained . On Friday , December 20 , 1850 , George Dawson , Esq ., M . A , will deliver a lecture on " Circumstances " at the Primitive Methodist Chapel , Commercial-road . — Admittance , 6 d . ; reserved seats , Is . To commence at Eight o ' clock . Arrangements have been made that persons taking reserved seat tickets , may be conveyed by omnibuses to the lecture , without further charge , on expressing their desire to avail themselves of such accommodation on or before Thursday , the 19 th instant .

      Corruption In The Church Of England. Dec...

      CORRUPTION IN THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND . Dec . 26 , 1850 . Silt , —While the so-called Papal aggression is frightening the nation , and much of the press , from their propriety , it is a relief to find that the Leader can afford to set a juster value on such a matter . It ia impossible not to think that this subject has proved a perfect godsend to most of thoso who are loudest in their declamations and alarms ; the sincerity of which one may well be inclined to question , when we see the triumphtmt applause which greets the most exciting speeches , especially when pointed at the so-called " traitors within" the church . Now , granting that such are tho moat dangerous enemies , we may ask if there is not a class of persona within tho Church that come under this description as well as tho much-abused Tractarians ? These last , like the Papists themselves , whom they arc supposed to imitate , seem to me utterly impotent for good or evil in the present age .

      One may say of these , Have any of the rulers or of the PhariHt'OH nelieved in them ? " But if wo look into the conduct of some of the higher clergy , as occamonully exposed by the press , wo shall wee that the church has more reason to say " Deliver mo from my friends !" Witness Mr . Winston in his pamphlet on the Dean and Chapter of Rochester , and their treatment of the boya in their s « hool , as well as of tho inferior members of their own order . Nor is this u solitary case ; for it is shown thut in several similar institutions n nyHtcm of th « most barefaced fraud and robbery has

      been long practised by these " reverend , ' " vtry revorend , " and cren " right reverend" personages , in direct contravention of their own laws and statutes which they have sworn to obey . The clergy may woll blush for their own order , and the laity for theirs too , when neither church nor Parliament tako any cognizance of such things . One may well exclaim , " O temporn ! () mores ! " when we m ; o niu ; h apathy with ro ^ ard to such corruptions , and such ntinjiant Zealand indignation against a low crrrmonie ;) . 1 am , Hir , your obedient servant , A ( JijUUU'YMAN .

      — Matter* Of Dtect* R-

      — Matter * of dtect * r-

      . ^^- Demand T Fok Labottk In Paris.—*' ...

      . ^^ - Demand t foK Labottk in Paris . —* ' The following statistics , which date from the year 1836 , showing the number of operatives living in lodging-houses in Paris who found emp loyment in that and the following rear , proves that political excitement always tends to diminish the demand for labour . In the beginning of the year 1836 there were two attempts made to assassinate King Louis Philippe , and a violent . opposition was raised in the Chamber of Deputies againat the Government . In the month of January of that year the number of operatives living in lodging-houses , Who were employed , amounted to 26 , 443 ; in February , to 26 , 035 ; in March , to 26 , 529 ; in April , when the political excitement had abated , they encreased to 30 , 025 ; in May , to 31 , 712 ; in June , to 32 , 425 ; in July , after the attempt of Alibaud to shoot the King , they decreased

      to 31 , 231 , but they encreased again in August to 32 , 196 , in September they were 31 , 957 ; in October , 32 , 638 ; in . November , 33 , 007 ; in December , 32 , 678 . In the year 1837 there was much political excitement caused by the rivalry of MM . Guizot and Thiers ; but royalty was in ae ascendant—the Duke of Orleans was married , and e young Duchess was received with enthusiasm ; the King inaugurated the Museum of Versailles , and French power was consolidated in Africa by the capture of Constantine . The number of operatives living in lodginghouses , employed in the month of February , amounted to 26 , 555 ; in March , to 29 , 419 ; in April , to 30 , 939 ? in May , to 31 , 555 ; in June , to 33 , 757 ; in July , to 32 , 383 ; in August , to 32 , 928 ; in September , to 32 , 586 ; in October , to 33 , 710 ; in November , to 33 , 631 ; in December , to 33 , 103 . " East India Statistics . —The Bengal Commercial Annual for 1849-50 , prepared by Mr . IS . Wilkinson , of the Calcutta Customhouse , and containing a tabular statement of the external commerce of that presidency , haa just been received . From this it appears that the aggregate exports of Bengal during the past year have exceeded those of 1848-9 by £ 1 , 078 , 203 , while the imports show an encrease of only £ 791 , 138 . The revived industry , coupled with economy , which was strongly evidenced in the preceding returns , appear , therefore , to be still in operation . The imports from England , which in 1848-9 had become reduced from 66 per cent , of the whole to 54 per cent ., have now again recovered to 62 per cent . The proportion of the commerce of Bengal enjoyed by each country is given as follows : — IMPORTS ^ I fiXPOHTS . Per Per Value . cent- Value . centage , age . United Kingdom £ 4 , 057 , 275 62 . 5 £ 4 , 768 . 074 43 . « S France 123 , 380 1 . 9 629 , 021 5 . 8 Hamburg 13 , 227 0 . 2 13 , 551 Q . 1 Other countries of Europe 12 , 763 0 . 1 9 , 272 0 . 1 Coromandel coast 163 , 824 2 . 5 191 , 881 1 . 8 Malabar coast 268 , 924 4 . 1 356 , 440 3 . 3 China 988 , 072 15 . 2 3 , 219 , 696 29 . 5 Singapore 348 , 81 ) 9 5 . 4 408 , 205 3 . 7 Other countries of Asia . .. 339 , 986 5 . 2 469 , 974 4 . 3 Africa ( Mauritius . Bour- ? 67 877 la 316 , 110 2 . 8 bon , Cape ) S ' North America 112 , 887 1 . 8 548 . 356 5 . 0 8 outh America .. .. 2 , 132 — £ 6 , 497 . 114 | l 00 . £ 10 . , 712 100 .

      The Roman Cathclio Church In Great Brita...

      The Roman Cathclio Church in Great Britain : —The forthcoming " Roman Catholic Directory" for 1851 contains the following in its " Statistics of the Catholic Church in Great Britain ;"—Total of churches and chapels in England and Wules , 597 ; ditto in Scotland , 97 , besides 26 stations where divine service is performed . Colleges—England , 10 ; Scotland , 1 . Religious houses of men in England , 17 ; convents in ditto , 63 . Priests in England and Wales , 826 ; in Scotland , 118 . Total priests in Great Britain , including bishops , 972 . Total increase oi priests , as compared with last year , 43 . The " Directory" also gives the names of 46 Roman Catholic bishops and vicars apostolic in the British colonies and possessions . Steam Power in France . —The latest returns of the number of steam engines employed in France in factories , Bteamers , arid on railways , give the following results : —There are in France 6607 establishments of various kinds at which steam-engines are used . This machinery is worked b y means of 9288 boilers , of which 8776 have been made in France . The whole represent 05 , 120 horse-power . The number of boilers employed the preceding year was 8023 ; the number of eHUbhshmentR at which steam-engines were employed beinp ; then 4033 . The length of the railways now open ia ' 2171 kilometres ( 1357 English miles ) , and the number of locomotives on them is 725 , or 68 more than the preceding year . Tho number of steam-vessels is 279 , set in movement by machinery of 22 , 823 horse-power . The quantity of goods carried in them during tho year wae 730 , 948 tons , whilst that of the year before was 096 , 606 tons . It is calculated that all the stcmn machinery now at work in France represents 110 , 178 horse-power . —Galignani .

      Health Of London During The Week. (From ...

      HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General's Report . ) The return for the week ending lust Saturday ¦ how « thut 119 ( 5 deaths were regiutercd in the metropolitan districts ; in the firBt three weeks of ' December they were 1004 , 1090 , and 1100 . This cncrratie is considerable , and mum be attributed in part to the character o tlm weather , which has been unfavourable to the public ; health ; but , an in the previous week , it ia aluo due to . some coroners * returns , which were not completed , as rc ^ urdti registration , when tlie iiuiuentH were held , but buve been accumulating till the end of the quarter . In the ten corresponding weeka of the- years 1810-0 , tho

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 4, 1851, page 20, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_04011851/page/20/