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^ ^ ygE LjEADjEB. [No. 302, Saturday,
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NOTICES TO JDOBBESPONDENTS. No notice ca...
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_ f^tJt^ l*hn0/-> " VJfllW SffjH /fl^ dV <>& -n"& ir^ - ^ '- - >r>^^ ; -Jv^CV- -AI Jv V- ? ¦ ¦&J& C^r a HrrrrhA '
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- SATURDAY * JANUARY 5, 1856.
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Th.ire is nottung 'so revolutionary, - b...
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,THE PACEFICATOBS. It matters little wha...
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THE GREEKS. The Greeks liave made their ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ ^ Yge Ljeadjeb. [No. 302, Saturday,
^ ^ ygE LjEADjEB . [ No . 302 , Saturday ,
Notices To Jdobbespondents. No Notice Ca...
NOTICES TO JDOBBESPONDENTS . No notice can l > e taken ! < Jf 1 anonymous communications . Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated by the name and addresa . of the writer ; not necessarily for publication , but aa a guarantee of his good faith . It iSittopoasible to acknowledge * the mass of letters we receive . Their insertion is of ( en delajred . owing to a press of matter : ana when omitted , it ^ frequently from rea-, « Ons ; quite independent of the . merits of the communication ; Oar "Open Council ' * ia unavoidably omitted this week . - Communications should always be legibly written , and on one aide of the paper only . If long , it increases the diffi-< jalty of finding space . for ttiem . . . We cannot undertake to return rejected communications . Cbae- ¦ Our correspondent' s energetic remarks on Mr . F . O Ward' s "turnip test , " - and on the saving of £ 874 , 000 fcrhfcli that gentleman i 9 « ndeavoari jj g to effect in the cost of the main intercepting tunnels for the north side ,
deserve our best acknowledgments . They confirm us in the conviction that we have out discharged our duty to tlie MibKc-by giving Mr . Ward all tlie support in our power in tt ? e . perilous encounter which he has so courageously tfinlertakeivand . we may add , so successfully prosecuted , SKainst odds tnat at one time seemed overwhelming That Mr . Ward should be detested and decried by the engineering clique whose interests and reputation have suffered by his -luminous expositions of the truth ; that the- press , which supports him . should come in for its share of vituperation ; and that the angry clamour of the de feated party should rise to . i ts height at the moment of their downfall and dispersion ; these are bat the ordinary incidents of such struggles , and they only stimulate us tor perSSvere in our advocacy of that splendid system—" the tabular organisation of town and country . '' which Mr . Ward was the first to conceive as a connected wKole , and which owes mainly to Ida unwearied championship he rapid projcres 3 it is now making bota in this csjmtry and o * the continent . - ¦ - . "" "
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- Saturday * January 5, 1856.
- SATURDAY * JANUARY 5 , 1856 .
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Th.Ire Is Nottung 'So Revolutionary, - B...
Th . ire is nottung ' so revolutionary , - becaiise there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to Tceep tHings fixed When all ~ fche world is lay the very lsiw of its creation in eternal progress . —Dr . Arnold .
,The Paceficatobs. It Matters Little Wha...
, THE PACEFICATOBS . It matters little what "is the title of the document carried by Count Esterhazy to " \ Tienna . It may be an ultimatum ; but as there is no probability that its rejection by Russia will leatr to a declaration of war by Austria , the point is unimportant . The real problem is , wlia £ are the dispositions of Russia , and of the Allied Powers ?
The disposition 01 Russia is illustrated by the proposals recently transmitted from St . Petersburg * to Vienna . She has not retreated from her original position . She maintains that the Eastern Question , in its main elements , is one exclusively between Turkey and herself , that the Allies may exclude their fleets from the ; Euxine , but that she will keep ships of war afloat in that sea—the number to be determined by agreement with the Porte . The other Powers are not to interfere . What is this
but the language of the Russian plenipotentiary at the Vienna Conferences exaggerated ? It , exposes the eld policy of the Czars , to regard every point of dispute with Turkey as almost a private—certainly not as an . European- —question . The distinct policy of the Allies , on the other hand , is to solve the complication upon a general public basis , to bring Turkey within the circle of European states , and to define the limits of Russia under the law of Europe .
3 o far , aa to the pacific impulses of Russia ;—slue haa offered to negotiate , and her offer is a pretence , if it be npt a challenge . The terms explained l > y Prince Goktsohakoff to Count Buojl . would leave the question almost where it was before the war began , and in some re spects would operate with even more prejudice upon tho interests of Turkey and her Allies . By this means , the Emperor Alexander seeks th ft credit due to a pacificator , without conceding the objects stated e-mn in the most
limited programme of the Allies . At this point the German Governments , agonised by the prospect of a wide-spread continental campaign , press upon their patron the terms of a treaty . Observing the encroachpaents of Western diplomacy in the North , the doubtful attitude of the minor German powers , as the subject of the confederation , and the tremendous preparations for a new campaign
which are announced by the Allies , Austria grasps at the chance of pacification , and seizes upon the occasion to step once more in front of Prussia . But Russia comprehends the policy of her neighbour too well to be terrified by an ultimatum . If she yield to any reasonings , it will be to those that concern her own domestic , financial , military condition . She is in no fear of Germany . German } ' , if she ever take part in the war , must be forced into it , and who snail force her 1
Russia has a more effectual hold upon Austria than either of the Western Powers . The Gallician provinces of Poland alone constitute a handle by which the Emperor Alexander could shake his neighbour's territory . He is not himself beloved by the Polish people , but his yoke is not so hateful as the Austrian When the Emperor Nicholas -visited the
Emperor Francis Joseph in Gallicia , the troops on parade shouted that the Czar was their Eniperoiyand not the Austrian . The incidentwould have lost some of its meaning had not the Imperial Austrian , next day . retnoved every Polish regiment from the place , and substituted for them a body of German troops . Whatever be the lawlessness of Russian rule , it is certain that the Rxissian Czars are less hateful to their
conquered subjects than the Austrian Emperors to theirs . Should Russia reject the ultimatum which it is pretended has been dispatched from Vienna , it is not easy to see how the Allies could coerce Austria into a fulfilment of her engagements . The political situation Avould not be materially altered . Events , indeed ,
might occur which would involve Germany in the war ; but as to declaring that Austria must be compelled to take up arms for the assertion of the principles she has laid down—that is pure absurdity . Austria is not changed since the Conferences at Vienna ; she has a modified ultimatum at hand , which Avill be produced when Count Esterhazy ' s mission has
failed . Meanwhile her army is dwindling down to a peace establishment . This may be perfidy in one sense , but it is wisdom in another , inasmuch as it is wise in a government "with a failing exchequer to reduce its expenses . One question that arises is , whether it is more treacherous on the part of Austria to retreat from half-expressed promises , than it is foolish on the part of England to trust them ?
If the semi-official organs are to be credited , England does not trust them . And , as their representations tally with what can be ascertained from other sources , they may be taken without much reserve . But on one point considerable doubt exists—the present disposition of the French Emperor . Most of the rumours point in one direction—towards Peace . His
funds are low ; his credit is strained *; political France revives , and demonstrations are made on a small scale against the Imperial system . Some occasional and reoent incidents have proved that a concentration of force is still necessary to " save society" in Paris . Moreover , a new campaign might give Great Britain the lead , and cancel the disgraces of the English Government and army .
The proposition of a Congress of Sovereigns at Paris , however it may bo varnished over by the Emperor ' s address to tho Imperial Guard , indicates tho direction in which affairs arc drifting . In that address itself the ' army
of France is told that it has " . reconquered its proper position "—i . e ., at the head of the armies of Europe . The French took the Malakofij and " when France is satisfied Europe is content . " It is not clear what further interest the French Government can have in the prosecution of the war . It has occupied Athens and Constantinople ; it has taken the lead from the beginning . What is the next step ? What can France hope to divide with Austria on the Danube ? What with Great Britain in
the Baltic ? There remains the Asiatic campaign . France , if she combined with Omar Pacha , to drive the Russians from their position in Asia Minor , would consider that she fought for purely English interests , and that she is not inclined to do this , is proved by the event at Kars . Why was Kars abandoned , its garrison
sacrificed , and General Williams taken prisoner ? Why was there not a single Frenchman with the army ? Why was Omar Pacha ' s landing delayed ? The culpability attaching to the Turkish Government is simply this : that , being helpless , it did nothing . The secret was , that the French alliance would have been unsafe had Great Britain pushed on vigorously the Asiatic war .
The English Government , with its interests threatened in Central Asia , has not made even a demonstration in the Persian Gulf , though in former days demonstrations have there been effectual . Tins again , is a point at which the interests of the Allies diverge . The strongest chance of peace consists , then , as we think , not in the efforts of the German Powers , or in the the timidity of Russia , but in the truths which the Allies , after mutual reconnoitring , have learned concerning one another . But this chance does not amount to a probability .
The Greeks. The Greeks Liave Made Their ...
THE GREEKS . The Greeks liave made their appeal to public opinion in the West , at a time when it is not likely to excite much attention . The moment for the consideration of their claims will be when , after the declaration of an armistice , the affairs of Turkey are settled . Yet it is never out of season to do an act of justice . Moreover , as a ray of peace has been thrown across the relations of Cabinets , the opportunity may at any moment arrive for the Western Powers to exercise a determinate influence on the politics of the Levant . r
The Greeks , then , esteeming this to be their time , complain that they are misjudged . They are accused of Russian tendencies ; their commercial character , and their capacities for govornment , arc equally impugned by the Western press . The Eipts , of Athens , elaborates , and the Times circulates , nn apology for the Greek nation . We are inclined to lay small stress on the charge of a Russian bias , which is not in itself a crime . The Greeks have received man )
courtesies , and some benefits , from Russia , more benefits and more courtesies , than from France or England . She is at the head ot their religion ; she adorns their churches with images ; she has supported them in Turkey against tho Latin supremacy ; she has been munificent to their poor in periods of distress If she has exposed to them , as to the rest of the world , her aggressive designs on Turkey ,
have not Jb ranee and Great Britain also r lho former has seized Algeria , tho latter the Ionian group , ono of tho favourite territories of the Grecian race . Russia , at least , has never blockaded tho Pircous , or chained up the Grecian commerce , o > r occupied tho Grecian capital . It may bo that these acts wore justifiable ; but a nation that has boon maltreated and coerced can scarcely be blamed forsympa-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 5, 1856, page 12, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_05011856/page/12/
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