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    BABYLON AND JERUSALEM. Babylon and Jerus...

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    8pi5nckk S Eiiiiopean Tukkky. Travels In...

    inconsistency is easily explained by the notorious fact , that every act of the Court of Yienna , since the Congress in 1815 , has uniformly been , to use a vulgar expression , to toady Russia , and be at all times the ready instrument of the Czar—to crush liberal institutions , and arrest the march of mind , wmuher in Germany , Italy , or its own States . The Hungarian , as we have shown , after years of peaceful ag itation , took advantage of the troublesome period of 1848 , to

    extort from their king and aristocracy those changes in the representative system of Government , so ardently desired by the majority of the people , and in accordance with the spirit of the age . Despotic Russia , with its million of serfe , could not permit so liberal a system of Government in a country lying on her frontier . Consequently , the Hungarians were proscribed and denounced as a people possessing opinions dangerous to the stability of social order .

    "We do not make these assertions from hearsay , they are extracts from a mass of Hungarian state papers lying before us , together with a number of intercepted letters found among the baggage of the Ban of Croatia , and the other Slavonian and Imperial leaders and agents of Austria and Russia—all furnishing undoubted proof , that from the commencement of the struggle , Russian intervention was expected to take place , in the event of the Imperialists of Austria not being sufficiently strong to put down the Hungarian Liberals . As a proof that we have not distorted or exaggerated facts , we have annexed several highly important original documents , which will completely corroborate every statement we have made respecting the distressing scenes that took place in Hungary , and the perfidy of the Austrian authorities .

    " The originals , signed by the members of the Senate and the Hungarian Government , are in . the hands of our publishers . " This is a serious view of the question , and amounts to this : if the Governments of Austria and Russia are allowed to arrest the march of civilization , there can be no hope nor prospect of seeing an end to those eternal revolutionary struggles of the inhabitants of Continental Europe , to secure to themselves liberal institutions . In fact , the intimate alliance of these two powers , in their crusade against every popular form of Government , and the dexterity they display in endeavouring to bring into contempt the representative system , has not sufficiently excited the attention of the inhabitants of our free countries of

    the West . It is true Austria ranks in Europe as a German power , having a German town for her capital atid a German administration , but her real strength lies in the allegiance of her Slavonian subjects—who constitute the majority , and with whom she possesses no ties of kindred , no endearing remembrances of tradition and fatherland , and whom the Czar of Russia , in his his character of Slavonian Prince , could at any time absolve from the ties that bind them to & German ruler .

    ' The insidious attempt of Austria at this moment under the plea of maintaining social order to obtain the mastery in Germany , with her Slavonian tail , is part and parcel of the same Muscovite policy that struck down the thousand year monarchy of the Magyars . When Germany becomes Slavonian , republican Trance must be dismembered ! and the British people be taught that public opinion only belongs to a Sovereign ! Winding up the drama by a solemn declaration to the world , that ut length it had pleased Heaven , that the light of a purer faith should dawn over certain countries in Asia and Europe , once subject to the infidel rule of a Mahometan Sovereign ! Thus we may see accomplished through our own supineness the prediction of the exile of St . Helena , who said , that fifty years more would see the whole of Europe either Cossack or Republican ! "

    What slumbering discontent lies underneath the "tranquillity" of Kurope at this moment , let Mr . Spencer indicate : — * 'Jf a brave , united people like the Hungarians , have been able to contend with the most powerful and best-appointed armies that Europe had seen since tin ; days of Napoleon , in defence of their constitutional privil < ' « L \ s , now that they have succeeded in gaining to their cause their former enemies the Slavonians , the next struggle may be attended with serious results ; and how numberless are their wrongs—an outraged people—a dismembered country—a second

    Poland—their chiefs massacred , or wandering in jjenury and exile in the land of the stranger . As inighl bt : expected , now thai , a reaction bun taken p lace in the popular feeding , in every town , village , or hamlet , throughout the land , whether inhabited Ly Hungarian , Slavonian , or Wallachian , a cry of Trengciuice and the name of Louis . Ko . ssuth trcinhles on every lip— -their guardian angel , who is to deliver them from the thraldom of Austrian bureaucracy , martial law , multiplied taxes , and all the ; harassing chicanery of a host of needy Gennun placemen , lording it over them in the harsh tones oi ' a language with which they are unacquainted .

    " liven the Jtan , Jellachich , otherwise a most ontiniable man in private life , so recently the hero of the Croatian ^ , is now denounced by his own » oimtrymen » w a traitor ; und Itajuchicb , the niiutiul patriarch

    of jtho Voiavodina of the Servians , as a Russian satrap ; while the name of Gorgey , who sold his country , has already become a by-word and a reproach among all classes of the population . " The inhabitants of Western Europe , with all their cares and worldly occupations , can form no idea of the excitement of this people , who , infuriated by recent disasters , have directed their every thought and energy to the means of again wresting their country from the grasp of the German stranger . The fair sex even outvie the men in their enthusiasm , and truly we cannot but admire the patience of the poor Austrian soldier who has to endure scoff and taunt from lips as beautiful as ever smiled on man .

    " In all the large towns we behold multitudes of these lovely Amazons , in the deepest mourning , fulfilling their oath never to cast it off until Hungary is again independent ; others wearing the national colours in the various articles of their dress , to manifest at the same time their patriotism and contempt for the rule of the German , and all are decorated with bracelets and necklaces made from the coins issued during the government of Louis Kossuth . Again , not one of these patriots , whether male or female , will now utter a word of German , although we found that language universally spoken , during our visit to

    Hungary in 1847 , not only by the higher classes , but by nearly every merchant and shopkeeper , and in all the inns throughout the country . This war against the German language , and everything German , is carried on with equal violence in Pest , the capital of the Hungarians , as in Agram , the capital of the Croations , and indeed in all the towns through which we passed in 1850 , and the same degree of excitement and discontent exists , notwithstanding that the entire country is under martial law , and a 150 , 000 Russians lying on the frontier ready to assist the executive in case of need .

    " This is precisely what might be expected on the reaction which followed the war in Hungary , the fate of every Government that resorts to expedients to preserve it from falling . The Croatians and Servians , who had fought so long and bravely by the side of the Imperialists , found instead of becoming the lords of the land , which they had been led to expect a 9 the reward of their loyalty , that they had exchanged the mild rule of the Magyar for the harsh despotism and intolerance of the Aiistrians , with their vexatious bureaucracy—army of spies—passports , and- multiplied taxes . The discontent thus excited , was adroitly taken advantage of by the Hungarian party , which led to a sanguinary collision between the executive and the Croatians at Agram , and the Servians and the Wallaehians in some

    districts of the Voiavodina , and the Bukowina , and Transylvania . The ill-feeling this created , aided the Hungarian cause by adding to the number of their allies , and at the same time increased the difficulty almost to hopelessness of any real conciliation between the inhabitants of these provinces and a German ruler . " At any other epoch but the extraordinary one in which we now live , or under the rule of any other but that of the bigoted , priest-ridden Princes of the house of Hapsburg , in every age the enemies of civil and religious liberty , time might have the effect of softening the bitter feeling that now exists

    among the inhabitants of this distracted country . Even the fiery Magyar might forget in amalgamating with the German , that he had been the denizen of free , independent Hungary , but when we know that the first war , or revolutionary outburst in France , Germany , Italy , or Poland , will be sufficient to convulse Europe , it cannot be doubted for a moment that a people like the Hungarians , full of the robust strength of youth , and already drunk with military glory , will be the first to grasp the spear . In fact the Hpirit of nationality and a determination , to assert their independence , never rose higher than at this moment , and now that they have succeeded in cementing a union with their compatriots , the Slavonians , like the Normans smd the Saxon of olden , time in

    England , which two races , they each respectively resemble in character , combining the fiery bravery of the one , with the cool intrepidity of the other , it is not too much to say that they are destined to take a prominent part in the great events which are fast preparing in those provinces of Austria and European Turkey . The movement of the inhabitants to secure to themselves apolitical existence , has been going on with redoubled energy sinco the intervention of RuHHiu in the affairs of Hungary , and the military occupation of Moldavia and Wallachia ; aided and abetted as it is by every man of intellect aiid enterprise among tlie . se ; various races , und who we limy bo assured only await u favourable moment to form " a ( -nnf ' ederutioii of interests and declare

    themselves independent "During my homeward route from Agram , in Croatia , through pfirt of Curinthiu , Styriu , Uppor Austria , and Salzburg , I wan accompanied , as my travelling companion , by a divine of the Roman Catholic ( Munch , M . ( ioetz , prior of the Stiff . Schotten , in Vienna , a very worthy man , as liberal in bin r < ligiouH sentimentH an he was intellectual mid devoted to bis sacred culling . This circumstance , afforded me an opportunity of judging of tliu state of

    religious feeling among the inhabitants of tW vinces , formerly so remarkable for their aft-1 pr ° " to the House of Austria , and to the old ^ reed ^^ The change was most remarkable ; fifteen » had only passed away - since I travelled SS ^ ara provinces , and in my work on Germany allud ^ T the debasing superstitions of their inhabitants t 5 the immorality I witnessed among the thoZL / devotees assembled to pray at the shrine of tS * famed Maria ZeU / in ^ ia . At tKS ?{ ££ ? ** Roman Catholic clergy of Austria revelled in « n S pomp and pride 6 f sacerdotal majesty ; where ™• tl appeared they were almost worshipped hvtl * simple mountaineers . Innumerable crucifixL iK the sides of the highway ; biased MadonnaY 2 rehes of saints exercised their miraculous powers ^ iree

    neany an cnurcnes ; stations with their richW decorated temples were seen rising on certain hoi mountains , which some sainted hermit , legend Z miracle , had consecrated , and to which thousands and tens of thousands of pious pilgrims were aecus tomed to repair at stated periods , bare-footed , bare headed , and some even crawling on their knees to offer up their devotions .

    " The altars , the shrines , and the crucifixes remain . Madonnas and relics perform their miracles in obedience to Imperial authority ! but the spirit that attracted the votaries of former days is now exchanged for indifference and contempt ; a fact vhich we heard repeated at all the monasteries and ecclesiastical institutions we visited , the holy fathers deeply deploring the spread of heresy , democracy and socialism among the people . It is true the

    inhabitants of isolated mountain villages still adhere to the superstitions of their fathers ; but wherever we found the people mingling with the more intelligent population of the towns , they had caught the infection ; and the propagandists must have been numerous , and indefatigable in their exertions , to have caused such an extraordinary revolution in the minds of the once benighted inhabitants of these mountain provinces of Austria , more especially when , we remember the short time that has elapsed since my last visit . "

    1164 Jefle Trailer. [Satuiuu*

    1164 JEfle trailer . [ Satuiuu *

    Babylon And Jerusalem. Babylon And Jerus...

    BABYLON AND JERUSALEM . Babylon and Jerusalem : a letter addressed to the Counteis Ida Hahn-HaJm . i ' rora the German , with a Preface by the Translator . J . \ V . Parker . Babylon ! Jerusalem ! The world with its turmoils—heaven with its everlasting Peace ! Is it not the old antithesis—old as the hills , coeval and coextensive with human Pain ? A voice issuing from the sorrowing depths of some poor , baffled , worn , and wounded heart wishing for the " wings

    of the dove to flee away and be at rest ; " the heart whose ever-sobbing psalm is " Jerusalem ! Jerusalem ! Kepose for all this anguish , quiet for all this turmoil ; calmness deep , majestic , calmness settling down upon this passion and this fevered restlessness !" When such a cry reaches us , it rouses an echo in our breasts that silences for a while all arguments and cavils . If a man advance logic-deep ^ in Evidences , and insist upon our seeing Divine Truth m his sectional and circumscribed view of it—a view which , standing apart , we perceive to be , not the real view of the thing itself , but simply the angle he ad

    it subtends to him , nor more , nor less ; if - vance thus , armed with Reason , we can also put , on the cold , bright armour and battle for victory , we have done so in these columns over and over again . Over and over again have we declared our radical and irreconcileable differences , not only with Catholicism , but with every other " Ism' that has gained its Established Church , The Infinite is compassed in no Finite Church . To us , and to others , it subtends an angle by which we scoii , larger or smaller according to the eye that receives it ; but to no man , to no nation is it , or can it it , known . God is Inscrutable because he is l »» n'lt ' ' having declared him Inscrutable we reverenuy forbear from scrutinizing , and forbear ascribing

    him intentions . Hut it is one thin * to say , "Lo ! ^ T . v " id truth ! " ( burning the incredulous for the gl « . y aw furtherance thereof ;) another thing to say , i weary , 1 was sad ; I had passionately sought lap pine ' s , lmt it eluded mo mockingly ; wanduntf over the world 1 knocked at n . any < oo"H *^ at one when lights within und . «» un « » ^ - ^ merit beckoned to me to enter : I fou . " Ul ^ j ovr and the fumes of an or « ie , but no ninth- An £ « at the quiet cottage door whose V ^ ' ^ f ^ d gested-Wr , here is hovel and on ^ # ' ^ t , poor creatures watching and weep ng m w stifled agony by tho l >« d « f """ fi ' ^ turning away baffled from all t > " « e < W « J en by chance i Temple , where the "at » « f soothed mo , the vast aia es and > fly do mo fully affected my imaginati on , tho < ict |»

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 6, 1851, page 16, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_06121851/page/16/