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"The one Idea which History- exhibits as...
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©ontcnts.
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NEWS OF THE WEEK— pace Mr. Carlyle's Tes...
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V<m VI. No. 285.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 8,...
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fi ORTSCHAKOFF, who at last publicly anv...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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< L //^ dM mf ^ Ui ^ J ' ^^ f ^^ 7 $$ / ( ffitktfif A POLITICAL AM ) LITEEAEY KEYIEW . *
"The One Idea Which History- Exhibits As...
"The one Idea which History- exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the disti nctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race a 3 one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development '* of our spiritual nature . " —Humboldt's Cosmos .
©Ontcnts.
© ontcnts .
News Of The Week— Pace Mr. Carlyle's Tes...
NEWS OF THE WEEK— pace Mr . Carlyle ' s Testimony to Mr . OPEN COUNCIL— Young Dumas on Love and SeiW The War 854 DuflV 861 Arrfidpapon Dehison 8 < V 7 timent 872 Sir Charles Napier and Sir James Miscellaneous 861 Tim R »^^ Wolff's Letter 867 Graham . 856 Postscript 862 Ita ? yforth ^ ItaUans 867 THE ARTSThSpSS ^ Sd ^ Tput ^ rf 857 PUBLIC AFFAIRS- Peace of Utrecht . " \"""" -::: 868 The Wizard at the Lyceum ...... 873 Italy ..... ; ............. v 857 The "New Sort of Despotism " ... 862 The War 868 When toBaise the Italian Tricolor 858 The Hope of Italy 863 iitfbatiibf- t > - * i . tut » - a t \ m . o ^ Continental Notes ... 859 The Napier Disclosures 864 LITERATURE- Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 874 i ^ n IiS ^ Boinaace Of Iteal Life ... 859 . Justice in the Counties 865 Summary 869 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSOur Civilisation 859 The English Manufacturers and The Newcomes S 7 O commercial AFFAIRS Naval and Military News 860 the Paris Exhibition 866 Arago on Thunder and Light- City Intelligence , Markets , Ad-Obituary 861 Why Examine Public Servants ? 866 ning ,. 871 vertisements . & e 874-87 . 6
V<M Vi. No. 285.] Saturday, September 8,...
V < m VI . No . 285 . ] SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 8 , 1855 . Price { * S £ 3 ^; % ^ nce :
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fi ORTSCHAKOFF , who at last publicly anvJT nounces through the St . Petersburg Gazette , " our fortifications suffer , " is contemplating anew attack upon the Tchernaya—the last desperate attempt to frustrate the far more formidable attack which the Allies are preparing against Sebastopol . A change of Ministry is impending in Vienna—Bkuck ' s financial plan rejected , Bach at a discount . A Ministerial crisis is in progress at Constantinople . Spain having put down the Carlists , has instituted a reform of her tariff , reducing or suppressing the duties on cotton , paper , and wool . The Ukraine continues to be disturbed by a servile insurrection , the Pope stimulating the peasants against the nobles . King Oscab , of Sweden , is inspecting his fortifications , while the Crown Prince assumes the post of Viceroy of Norway j and the King of Denmark comes over to visit and inspect . The Czar , it is reported , has given Nesselbode " leave to travel "—whether for exile , or for a mission , or for what , does not appear . Naples shakes with a growing revolt , encouraged , it is said , by Neapolitans in Paris and Muratists in Naples itself . King Feiudinand has a grand financial operation on hand , with other crowned coadjutors , to aid Russia in raising the wind . Sir James Graham proclaims , from Silloth , that he is always " the maintainer of peace . " Our Government keeps up a constant stream of iron supply for the Crimea ; the Baltic fleet is about to close the theatrical season in the North ; Sir Chabxjes Napier has exploded in the papers against his old friend , " the Maintainer of Peace ; " the Bank has raised the rate of discount to four per cent ., vice three and a half ; corn speculators are in a frenzy of gambling ; Queen Victoria is off to the Highlands ; and the Cabinet Ministers meet weekly at the War Office . Europe certainly is in ferment enough ; but dizzy as the eddy makes the eyes that look abroad upon the whole moving field , the present state of the current is decidedly favourable to the cause which wo have at heart—the peoples seem likely to have thoir day , ns the Kings are falling out . Russia is losing ground on the field both of anus and finance . There is no mistake about thnt The confession of Prince Gortschaicoi ?*' moans a great deal more than the words imply . It moans , in fact , that the fortifications arc becoming intolerable ; and the Russians in
Sebastopol have been using enormous exertions to get up a second line of works , not for the purpose of defending the south side of the town , but for the purpose only of holding it as long as possible , while they retreat over to the other side . It is true that the north commands the south part , but should the Allies obtain possession of the south , they will be able , without entirely exposing their entire force in its occupation , to release no small part of the force 3 in their rear fur operations on the flank . It is there that the Russians seem to be prepared for a last desperate effort , of course in no hope of being successful after they have failed at Balaklava , Inkerman , and on the Tchernaya . In the last fight they were strengthened by reinforcements in the north ; those reinforcements will have had to share the half-starving fare of the troops that have been so long in the neighbourhood ; and the accumulated numbers with which Gortschakoff threatens the flank of the Allies are a burden to his commissariat , his men daily weakening each other . Here is all the ( inference between the position of the Russians and the Allies , in the continually increasing difficulty of the Russians to keep up the bone of their forces by material supplies , while the Allies have unmeasured resources at home , with a perfectly open and easy transit ; and they are using both . The passing of a second season in the Baltic without results is indeed a disgrace that there is no denying , and no excusing ; but in the North perhaps we may console ourselves by the manifest loss of ground on the part of Russia in finance . Dividing non-Russian Europe into three sections , the Eastern , tho South-Western , and the Northern , tho grand fact in this last is the financial posture , of affairs . The want of money is here the screw under which the strongest powers are yielding . Even Prussia , with all her enjoyment of transit trade , has boon raising loans . And the German Governments all but avow that they cannot keep up their contingent to the federal force for want of means—n fact which implies that they cannot convert their peoples into soldiers , because their kings cannot pay for tho process of conversion . The position of Austria becomos daily more critical , and it is not rendered loss so by tho deapenitu slop into which her financial Uiflioukios appear to be driving tho 12 mporor . It is , however , quite intclligiblo that Austria should bo growing insane . That sho desires to keep well
with the Western Powers , we not only believe , but know ; for it is of the greatest importance to her that she should not proclaim a final breach with France and England , while France couldjat once establish a new dynasty in Naples by edict of the Emperor Napoleon , and England is < forming an army in the territory of her ally the King of Sardinia . The difficulty with Austria consists in keeping well with both sides , without exposing herself to a twofold attack . Thus , if she is not thorough-going with the Western Powers , she cannot raise her finance . The cash has absolutely been refused to her in Lombardy ; but she is precluded from extorting it by compulsion , because to do so would blast any expectations that she has of retaining a friendly relation with the West , and obtaining money by the ordinary operations for that purpose with the good credit in Europe . Xet the state of Italy is such that she must keep up a large army , she must pay for it ; and the fact is that she cannot get money on the Bach-Brtjck plan . In fact , Br . uck cannot woi'k his finance on the political basis of the old Russian party at Vienna , which he has recently been expected to do . He naturally fails , and commercially the Austrian Empire is in as much danger as is his " Lloyd ' s Company" of Trieste . The last report , therefore , is , that Bruck has resigned : his plan is rejected . This would almost inevitably place his party at a discount , and unless Bach should blast his repute by sinking into tho old official party which now takes possession of power , he also must resign and leave the Emperor to the direct heirs of Mbttjsrnicu , to the policy of the days of the Iato sickly Emperor , and to Russia . It is thus through a financial crisis that Austria is put in a position which threatens to alter the entire strategy of Europe , and the events of the week appear to render that crisis imminent . It is evident also that the Kino of Naw . es is about to speculate in some grand Russo-Austrian and Guarantee Association of German and other Princes . Reports of this event arc frocly curront , and they arc very probable . Tho boasted resources of Russia have soon come to m ^!* fS ! L .... barbarism prevents her bringing her u ^^ J * S p > , '" ; i great material resources into active so ^ w ^ $ Bi $ f ' " 4 X $ J £ -i asenmof coal has lately been tliacof ^' wM ^ Ural Mountains , but tho resource is nt £ & ea W * j $ ^ ( M (/< available because tho means of tl ' " ^ ° . ^»^ j « j- llj ^' for corn as for coal . She parades a ^» CfgMMd £ * , of " roubles , " possible for tins or lorWjat nd & SI & f h ^ H ;• ^ .. / . ft ^ ij k
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 8, 1855, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08091855/page/1/
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