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    340 THE LEADER. CSatprdav,

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    MAZZINI AND THE FRENCH SOCIALISTS. LETTE...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Continental Notes. The Death Of Prince S...

    on foundations of sand . What will a thousand Schwarzenbergs ava il in the next deluge ? In the now official Morning LXerald of Thursday appeared the following intimation , headed the " Austrian Government " : —An express message arrived yesterday afternoon at the Austrian Embassy , requiring the immediate return of Count Buol Schauensteiu" to Vienna . It is understood that Count Buol will be successor of Prince Schwarzenberg as First Minister of Austria . The following was the reply of Louis Napoleon to the magistracy on the occasion of their talcing the oath of allegiance to him on Sunday last : —

    Messieurs les Magistrate , —Although I receive your oath with pleasure , the obligation imposed on all the constituted bodies to take it appears to me less necessary on the part of those of whom the noble mission is to make the right dominant and respected . The more authority reposes on an incontestable base , the more it ought naturally to be defended by you . Since the day on which the doctrine of the sovereignty of the people replaced that of divine right , it may be affirmed with truth that no government has been as legitimate as mine . In 1804 , four millions of votes , in proclaiming the power to be hereditary in my family , designated me as heir to the empire . In 1848 , nearly six millions called me to the head of the republic . In 1851-nearly eight millions maintained me there . Consequently , in taking the oath to me , it is not merely to a man that you 6 wear to be faithful , but to a principle—to a cause—to the national will itself .

    The Minister of Justice then read the form of the oath , which is as follows : — " I swear obedience to the constitution and fidelity to the President ; I swear also and promise well and faithfully to fulfil my functions , to observe religiously the secrecy of the deliberations , and to conduct myself in all as a worthy and loyal magistrate / ' Each having in turn taken this oath in the usual manner , the minister of finance presented the members of the Court of Accounts , to whom the Prince addressed the following speech : — f-

    Gentlemen and Members of the Court of Accounts ,---I have just received the oaths of the magistracy , which is the organ of justice . I am happy to receive at the same time the Oaths of the present magistracy , who bring to the examination and control of the employment of the public fortune the same independence , the same probity , the same sentiment of duty . The oath having been then administered the magistrates retired . An arrangement has been entered into between the French Minister of Finance and the Bank of France , by which the accounts of the latter will be published every week .

    The President gave a grand dinner at the Tuileries on Tuesday to the new Cardinal Archbishop of Bordeaux , and other dignitaries of the Church . Several of the Cabinet Ministers were also present . Some disturbances have taken place at Bourges , owing to the labouring classes of the town endeavouring to provent the exportation of corn . The local authorities promptlyrestored tranquillity . The public are much pleased with this determination . The Gazette de France says : — " A rumour is current that the two Grand Dukes of Russia , Michael and Nicholas , are about to come to Paris on a visit to the President of the Republic . "

    This is , to say the least , problematical . It was only a few days since that the Grand Duke Constantino was royally entertaining the Comte de Chambord at Venice : treating him in all respects as a King , calling him Sire , etc . The Independance of Brussels having stated that M . E . de Girardin had rallied to the cause of the President , the Presse replied to it as follows : — " ' If I have rallied , ' it must be then admitted that tho President of tho Republic does not look towards tho Empire ; and if ho does do so it must then bo admitted that I Jiavo not ' ralliedto him . It is necessary to choose

    bo' twoon one or tho other of those two affirmatives . Tho truth of tho case is this- —Called bock to Paris by imperious and urgent business , I onl y yiolded to tho voice of personal convictions in perfect independence and at tho risk of opposing personal views which it is supposed and protended are decided on , and expecting to receive a fresh order to roturn at my choice , either to Belgium , Germany , or England . " My trunks aro ready , but bcloro starting I wished to etato to democracy tho rosult of my two months' rolled iotih in tho solitudo of oxilo . Tho more I havo reflected on it tho rnoro deeply convincod I fool that pessimism was tho HtraiufhtoHt , and consequently tho

    Bhortost , road to arrive at logitimisrn . Anything ratnor than tho Europoan rontoration of tho laet century . It is for this reason that , although marked ¦ with tho soal of ostracism , nnrl injured in tho most sorioun manner in all my interests , I have novor ceased to write from Brussels to Paris , ' Lol there bo no , pessimism / As to tho suspicion whic , h woro not snared towards mo boibro my roturn , and even before my doparturo on tho 14 th January , I have paid dear enough during tlui last your ( rnoro than 600 , 000 f . ) for tho right of disdaining thorn , and I shall mako uso of that right . !' Wednesday was tho first day of tho annual Longchamps procession . The turn-out of carriages and equipages , and tho display of beauty and luxury , was imperial . Tho Madrid Gazette publiahos a royal ordinance relanonce rolativo to nwduWiona in tho tariff of . diatoms .

    They are to be asfollow : —1 . Newly-invented manufac tures are to be passed on paying duties similar to what are paid on articles of a similar kind , and forwarding a specimen to the Government as a guide for future duties . If they have no analogy , as aforesaid , they shall pay a duty of 15 per cent , for the first time , if under the national flag , and 18 per cent , ad valorem if under a foreign flag . 2 . All goods sent in small quantities , and of little value , shall pay 15 per cent , ad valorem in Spanish , and 18 in foreign ships . 3 ., In order < to get those goods passed the value

    of which is fixed by the importer , he must present to the authorities of the Customs the original invoice . If his invoice is objected to as too low , he shall be offered 10 per cent , on it , and it will then , if this is accepted , be the property of the Crown . . ... Letters from Florence state that a ministerial crisis is at hand , Which will end in the increased influence of Austria . The present Ministers intend to retire on account of not being able to establish a demi-constitution , in which they are opposed by Austria . from lian state

    The accounts received at Genoa Cag that the National Guard has been dissolved , and that the city remained tranquil . The French Government has granted 50 , G 00 f . for a monument to Marshal Ney . A decree was published on the 5 th inst . at Madrid annihilating the liberty of the press , establishing a censorship , and the Government to suspend and suppress journals at pleasure .

    340 The Leader. Csatprdav,

    340 THE LEADER . CSatprdav ,

    Mazzini And The French Socialists. Lette...

    MAZZINI AND THE FRENCH SOCIALISTS . LETTER FBOM ME . MAZZIBTI . ( 7 b the Editor of the Leader ) March 31 , 1852 . gIB > — . You have inserted in your columns a long , violent attack against me , from some leaders of socialistic French sects . I appeal to your loyalty for the full insertion of my own article , which has hitherto appeared hi the Leader only ina mutilated form . From you , Sir , I ask nothing but fair phiy , trusting , for the rest , the sound judgment of yoiir honest liberalminded readers . To the political attack , I shall be contented to answer with the unmutilated document ; to the personal one , with contempt . Yours obediently , Joseph Mazzini .

    THE DUTIES OP DEMOCRACY . What should be the mot d ' ordre , therallying cry of parties at the present time ? The answer is very simple : it is to be found in one word , Action ; action ; one European , incessant , logical , daring ; action everywhere and by all . Idle talkers have ruined France ; they will ruin Europe unless a holy reaction arise against them in the heart of the party . Thanks to them , we have how reached tho Bas Empire . By dint of discussing tho future , we have abandoned the present to the first comer . By dint of each man substituting his little sect , his little system , his little organization of humanity , to the grand religion of Democombination of forces

    cracy ; to the common faith , to the to conquer tho ground , we have t hrown disorganization amongst our ranks . The sacred phalanx which should have moved onwards as one man , closing up at each martyr ' s fall , has becomo an assemblage of corps francs , a true Wallenstein ' s camp , minus the genius of tho commander . At the hour of attack it has disbanded , right and left . It has been found scattered in groups , in small detachments , upon all the bye-ways of Socialism—any where save in the centre of the position . Tho onomy wore one ; they did not discuss—they acted ; thoy havo seized upon tho position ; and it is not by discussing tho host means of arranging humanity by rulo and lino , that wo Bhall drive them away for ever .

    We have spoken the truth enough to our enemies : thanks to us , it c / natvs at their hearts , like the vulture of Prometheus ; it troubles them , and makes of evert / crime they commit , an error . Tho hour has como to speak it , frankly and purely , as we conceive it , to our friends . They havo done every possiblo ovil to tho most beautiful of causes . They would have destroyed it from excess of love or absence of intelligence , woro ' it not immortal . I do not accuse the great social Idea , jvJiicfi will be the qlory and the mission of the epoch of which wo are the procursors . I do not accuse tho holy aspirations which

    prophecy tho emancipation of tho working class , the salvation of all , the Cup von kul . I do not accuse the tendency to substitute , as far as po ssible , froe association , to the unrestrained competition of individuals , credit by the state , to the credit { essentially egoistical ) of the bankers , a single taxation on superfluity , to the multiple taxation which wars with the very life of tho poor consumer ; equal primary instruction and education for all , to tho monopoly and inequality of tho present day . Them things havo been preached for ' twenty years ; they are comprised in the old word Itepnblic , for tohioh . our fathers diod , and which is % f ' . m ** i 4 1 ¦ . 1 . _ 1 . 1 . .... f n . 4 , 7 n . » H n liAirn a 1 I A-l ^ liS * »* tho Socialiststho loadersabovo allof liav

    . But I . accuse , , , - imr falsified , mutilated , narrowed tho groat Idea , by imprisoning it in absolute systems , usurping at oncp the liberty of tho individual , tho sovereignty of tho country , and the continuity of progress , which ift t \ law to all of uh . I accuse thorn of having prosurriod , in tho namo of thoir insignificant individualities , to extemporise solutions ol tho problem of human Hlb , boforo that life could manifest itself in its plenitude of aspiration and capacity , under tho action of thoao groat electric currents moncall revolutions . I accuflo thorn of having pretended to create , at a fixed hour from thoir own weak or diseased brains , an organization which can only result from tho concourse of all tho

    human faculties in action ; and of Having substituted « , ' - solitary , individual Self , to the collective Europe ^ S ? f pf having spoken in the name of Saint Simon Foii Cabet , or any other , when it was a duty to immolatenf ' revealers to the continuous revelation , and to m < n >* £ e the front of the temple , God is God , and HumS ^?? Prophet . . y * sius I accuse them of having crushed the Man under th Sectarian , free intelligence . under the fonhula T the conoo tion of life under a single manifestation of life : of Wi called themselves Communists , Communitarians C <> munionists , red or blue , it matters not , instead of ' eallih " themselves men , republicans , democrats of the nineteen *!? century : of having invented the fatal distinctionsbefwndl and

    ^ socialists Republicans , Socialists and Revolutionists I accuse them of having in their vanit y always said- It is I , where they ought to have said : It is we ; of having employed all the resources of their intellects to destroy one another , to annihilate the one by the other : of having de stroyedall confidence and all aim in the heart of the people " of having given birth , by a logical necessit y , to the dial solving Mephistbphelian genius of Proudhon , who denies them all—who denies God , Society , Government and enthrones Irony in the void . '

    I accuse them of having dried tip the sources of faith of having animalized man , turned the working-class to egotism by concentrating the general attention almost exclusively iipon the problem ^ of material interests , bymakinq that the end q / ' the European struggle , which should be only a means , by making a principle of that physical amelioration tahich should be the consequence of moral amelioration . I accuse them of having said , with " Bentham and Volney , tJiab liee is the seabch after happiness , instead of saying , with all those who have produced great transformations in the world , XIFE IS A mission , the

    ACCOMPLISHMENT OF A DUTY . I accuse them of having let it be thought that one can regenerate a people by fattening it ; of having made of the question of humanity a question of the kitchen of humanity ; of having said , to each , accobdin & to his

    CAPA . CITT , TO EACH A . CCORDING TO HIS WANTS ; instead of crying upon the house-tops , TO each according to HIS IOVE , TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ^ DEVOTION . I accuse them of having , by I know not what vague cosmopolitanism , leading to inaction ; by I know not what establishment of acephalous communes , enfeebled as as in them lay , destroyed the national sentiments ; that is to say , of having desired to move the lever by taking away its fulcrum , and humanity by suppressing its organization for action . ~ done all tins under the

    And I accuse them of having crossfire of the enemy , when every man should have been a soldier , when unity and organiz ation was a supreme law , when the peoples arose in faith , and risked death in despair ; when it was a duty , before all things , to make of the revolution a " European event , and not the solution of an economical problem ; when they ought to have circulated , as across a Jire , from mass to mass , from nation to nation , the word I have written at the beginning-Action ! ¦ . For having forgotten , for having said , The debt France owes to Europe is the solution of the problem of the oraanization of labour ; for having neglected the voice ot all dissenuents

    those among her children , who called upon to organize themselves upon a common ground , to front the battle . France has reached , through Eome , tho shamo of the 2 nd of December . . She will efface it . It is not , God be thanked , tn the land where Joan of Are died ; where George Sand * ana Lamennais haw written , and where the great deeds of t / 10 Revolution are living recollections , that enthusiasm , faith , and the adoration of pure and great ideas , can evei be extinguished . ___ „ ___ _ _ ' .-- j forth rijiea

    She will eface it . France will come ^ from tho strnqqle ; as the vast social Idea ^* cA / mnf * , * within her will arise , bright with love and M ^ V , aboo ° all these Lilliputian Utopias which seek to <> ett ° "> above this hideous worship of material interests bejorc which she has for an instant bowed het ' noble *«?*• But it is necessary that tho whole of DomocraticF > roP 0 should now aid hor to arise , as she formerly aided k « 10 g It is necessary that , instead of flattering ^> ™™ l £ astray , Europe should speak to her the frank and severe words which are the inheritance of the strong . Above a < it is necessary that Europe should march onward tJi aij should march onward continually , and without her ^ so . ttta she may hasten to follow in its steps . The movement <» Franco at tho present day is tho result of « ^ S ^ movement : the movement of the Tcssm and tho bicilinn 4

    insurrection preceded tho Kepublic ot » . ncoplo , Tho Europoan initiative bolonps now to the' «» ' P Jf , ; whichsoever it bo , that Bhall arise , not in tho " « J " h bo local interest , but of a European P ' ™ P' £ jj * felons Franco that does this , then God and h » " > anUy i Franco ! If she does it not , lot others do it . uo gniaoa no people oloct . Father of all , ho w with all Who aro ready to sacrifice themselves for coo . The sent of tho initial ivo is in tho ^ ? " \ , vwp alitios . ThoTo i » not ona among thorn ^" ' ^ . UurdB of i tself boldly into tho arena , could not rouao two Europe . ¦ „//; , /) present <*" . ' /» It in the duty of every democrat a \™ ° V i W ( J 1 WW . unceasingly to repeat to the peoples ,- . ? " * % M d u , ta bo youts until tvhen you have aociu ired th ^ jon ^_^ "T ^ i ^ nl to . UhiH ™™ % - ] 't * E r lmH < l <" drosHod iiB tho following note . —J 3 » . of ¦ X-flfl der . ^ " It ie atrango that M . Maz . ini , in us <^ >>«»•<> of against tho BooMtal * , should dnro to inv «™ ° l illliHi ;) w >» Gcorgo Hand , who i « and has always been abo of 110 i « ana has always boon " /« ; ftnfl . '; nmonC ^ 'onl 8 - " liffnen of tho ltoply to M V ^ T andt & . M *?* reckons some of her dearest friends ; anatme , ^• knows well 1 "

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), April 10, 1852, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_10041852/page/8/