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. ¦ ¦ . . •¦ ¦ . . j September 10, 1853....
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FUNERAL OV Silt CHARLES JAMES NAPIER. nn...
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MR. ROEBUCK AT SHEFFIELD. Everybody will...
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A SCOTCH REVIEW OF THE SESSION. Mr. Monc...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Birmingham Gaol. Strange Facts Come Thic...
n ^ ain ) Williams—How many cranks had you in the I ? " Witness—vA- * ^ on \? tvr ° > ^ about four month s # 7 , ieft the gaol , against bis-will , they increased the ipr to twenty-two . Had once sentenced a man to B nn 00 rounds on the crank . Witness said that in connce of tlie visiting justices , for some reason which he fTnat unde rstand , prohibiting his wife and daughter from ' Tnff the female wards and instructing the prisoners , fc found his moral agency much deteriorated , and the "Loners became more violent . I have put . men . to work P thn . orimk in the dark . On one occasion I ordered a 00 IHl < w * " _ / % nr \ —^ i-. t-Z ^^ n „« H . ~ „_ 1 . I ... j . T . 1 * 1 15000 evolutions the crankbut I did
n to perform , on , t e xpect thafc all the task would be performed in one j ° I never ordered water to be thrown over any pri-« nner I think it a very improper punishment . At an rlv period Mi ' . Austin wished to make the punishments ^ ore severe , and he got directions from the visiting magistrates , much to my annoyance , to effect such . Before my leaving the gaol I requested from the magistrates a public investiga tion of my conduct , but I did not obtain 1 Welsby—Did not the visiting justices give directions that a system of close separation should be established ? Witness-They did . ; hat its effect the
Captain Williams—W was upon prisoners ? Did it improve the prisoners in the juvenile ward ? Witness—I found it did considerable injury . The hopes of the prisoners were , diminished , and their stimulus to exertion destroyed . Dr . Baly—Do you think that Lieutenant Austin had any other motive in increasing the severity of punishments than the reformation of prisoners ? Witness—I think he had a direct gratification in their punishment . Respecting the crank at which the prisoners worked , the following evidence was given : — Mr . TJnderhay , from a metropolitan engine factory , swore that his firm received an order from . Lieutenant Austin for a dozen cranks for the use of this gaol . The order was for the cranks of the construction which was
very defective . This was pointed out to the governor , who however persisted in having them without the improvement , so that a five pound weight on the handle of the old crank was equivalent to twenty pounds . Any persons working a five-pound crank as in use in this gaol would have to exert a force four times greater . Was of opinion that with such a crank 10 , 000-turns a day would be excessive for a boy ; with our new crank , a strong , healthy man would be able to do 15 , 000 turns a day . Alfred Webb , a boy fifteen years old , but , judging from his appearance , not more than twelve , was put on bread and water , and sentenced to the strait jacket for saying " good bye" to a boy in the next cell . He had a leather collar ou his neck , and his legs were strapped together .
Mr . Welsby—Are you sure you had nothing to eat all day ? Witness—No ; nothing . Dr . Baly—How much bread did they give you when you were taken from the cell at night ? Witness—Sometimes six and sometimes eight ounces . Dr . Baly—And you had nothing to eat all day ? Witness—Nothing . Mr . Welsby—No gruel , little boy ? Witness—No , none . Mr . Welsby—Did you ever have the strait jacket put on after you had boon at the crank till ton at night ? \ V ltness—Ye s ; it was put on by two of them . -Mr . Welsby—Did they pull it tight ? Witness
— Yes ; my arms were strapped , but I was not strapped to tho wall . I lay on tho floor on my bed ; it was on all night , and in the morning they took it off find sent mo to the crank . I had had no sleep . I was " in hucIi agonies nnd pains , " und was so hungry : they had given me nothing to eat nil tho clay ; they put eight ounces ' « ( trend m the bod . My arms were ' bound . I bit at tho bread as well as I could . -I-M " . JJal y—Are you quite suro you had had no food bol » re that day ? of ^||' f —Not a bit . They would not givo mo a drop ^ P * Williams—Mast monstrous and shocking ! „ «•¦ Wokuy—It ' a the moat diabolical tiling I ever hoard ofl ;» my lift ,. h \ mlr " VVilliftlna —Hero ' s one day lio does all bin work w . ' ? hmulr ° d turns , and they give him bread and "UUirut night . ^ oi , i , 01 . flIct 8 of tli ( j s ; uvio k- iul wcrc ]) rovc ( 1 > Wo j W' tho discs exemplifying the general treatment of u prisoners .
. ¦ ¦ . . •¦ ¦ . . J September 10, 1853....
. ¦ ¦ . . •¦ ¦ . . j September 10 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 867
Funeral Ov Silt Charles James Napier. Nn...
FUNERAL OV Silt CHARLES JAMES NAPIER . nnd ^ l ' ™' 'lrch ° f th ° fi"e Ol < 1 sol ( lior lms beon tnlcon ' l ) on \ flttin S ly simple nnd solemn riles ho lms beon fold ' i ll (> 1110 1 > y his 1 > rofchei '» *»» friends , and tho Din * . | t " l 0 ( 1 nu < l lov (!< 1 HO wolL Tho fnnornl took » ¦« »! . 1 orfcsmouth , ou Thursday . From tho m-m . sion top """> ihi , mi umrsimy . t rom i . no inunsion 1
l > ovn I " " *' Kovcu " >> 1 <»«» «» nl hh tho liourrtrt wan Hiloi V 1 pr tlU ' r 0 U < 1 iho I ) ea 9 ft 1 ltH h ' nod t' 10 wayH , and ( I'y . Muoovcrod thoir heads ns tho corpse of tho hum IT 1 ) UMH (!< 1 1 ) J - Otl « " ¦ ' "' " {? . »<• ' tho Lamlport of Ports"Mi ' ! " ' ncos > lioM w » " formed . Because ho was 11 faithful tlm ,. ' / . 01 ! 1 ' . l } 1 ) rfi M « "on of tho Portsmouth Lodges were « f th ' ; C'ViC nol ) ility WllH toatined by the attendance fiuiiil " r ^ ' * au ( l <; orl ) Oni < 'lou of Portsmouth ; tho united < 'uin . nl Nal > i ( 'rH > the Vice-Admiral , tha Lieulennntwj , ; i 0 " ' * fch « Indies of tins family , enmo as mourners , Ko nnoi M . ll ] llonl )<> ro"f ? h ' Lord "anliuffo , Colonel y > Major Travoi-H , nnd other companions in
service of tho dead warrior , swelled the train . Tho Lords of the Admiralty , with Sir James Graham , also joined the procession . All the shops were closed , and in the streets of Portsmouth there was silence , save the measured tramp of feet , and the slow booming of the death bell . The coffin was borne into the plain garrison chapel . On the lid were the General ' s hat , with plume , & c . of the deceased . There were two swords upon it also j one of them was worn by the General for many years , and memorably in the last India campaign . The guard was torn up and bent backwards towards the blade from the hilt . This was tho work of a musket or ginjal ball at Hyderabad . The Second was a sabre d'honneur , a very richly mounted and handsome weapon , presented to the General by Lord Ellenborough when Governor-General of India .
When the coffin was lowered into the grave—a plain bricked-up pit , some five or six feet deep , by the side of the path from the gate to the church—and the solemn words , " Eartli to earth , ashes to ashes , dust to dust , " were pronounced , not a few of the old soldiers present were unable to restrain their emotion . As soon as the service was concluded , Sir W . Napier , standing by the side of the grave , turned round to the soldiers , who formed three sides of a square around it , and , sis well as we could hear , said : — " Soldiers ! There lies one of the best men—the best soldiers—the best Christians—that ever lived ! He served you faithfully , and you served him faithfully . God is iusfcr " .
The gallant brother could proceed no further . He had evidently intended to speak something afc greater length , but was unable to command his words , and slowly and sadly the group around the grave broke up , and the military filed away .
Mr. Roebuck At Sheffield. Everybody Will...
MR . ROEBUCK AT SHEFFIELD . Everybody will be glad to greet the appearance of Mr . Roebuck again in public life . We have greatly missed him in Parliament , where , in a session like tho last , ho would have been of much use . On selfish considerations alone , and setting aside the wide public sympathy with his recovery , we are heartily glad to see him in his right place once again , the chief guest at the Cutler ' s Feast , which took place at Sheffield , on Thursday , September 1 . This happy and annual festivity not only elicited a . speech from Mr . Roebuck , but brought forth speeches from Lord Wharncliffe , Mr . Denison , M . P ., and others . Lord Wharneliffe felt it a relief to " tell centlemen to their faces that they
were prosperous , " and referred with laudation to the friendly manner of present strikes in comparison with such movements of old . Mr . Denison stated an eloquent fact : the exports of hardware and cutlery have been one-third more in 1853 than in 1850 , an increase mainly contributed by Sheffield . And the agriculturists are equally prosperous . " I am in one of tho happiest families in the world—the population of tho West Riding of Yorkshire . " He added with special pleasure , that in tho militia enrolled at Donciiater , no men behaved better than the men from Sheffield . Mr . Roebuck , " not as a death ' s head at a feast , " but as a sincere friend , warned his hearers that tho present prosperity may coase , either through our own conduct or the conduct of partic . 4 abroad .
" I was present at tho great poaco meeting the other ( lay—tho mooting of tho fleet of England . Depend upon it that mooting had nioro to do with tho maintenance of peaco than air tho meetings you can collect of persona who profess to bo the promoters of peace . ( Cheers . ) Tho man who boars an injury tamely , ih ho on whom all tho bullies around him av ' iII fasten , and if you giro tho world to understand that you will submit to insults nnd injuries , every bully in Europo will heap them upon you . ( Choors . ) " ' He added , with emphasis : —
"On England , at tho present titno , nro con trod tho hopoa of liberty throughout the world . ( Cheers . ) in this corner of Europo liberty now has it * refuge and homo . Tf England woro broken down , Belgium would follow , Sardinia would be nothing . Tho despots of Europo would walk ovor tlio whole , and liberty , froodom , and constitutional government would iako refuge in that groat Hopubliu which emanated from you . Hut having confidence in tho spirit of our country—believing that you nro what your ancestors were , I beliove in tho future of England . 1 look to it as tho groat harbinger of civilization . Tho world looks to it for the benefit of mankind ; and depend
upon it that it requires you to maintain tjie glory—though that is a hard word to use—the honour , and tho liberties of . England . If her liberties were broken down , Kut-opo would bo prostrate ; ' civilization would bo hurled hackwards instead of progressing , and wo should not bo what , wo are , worthy descendants of our groat predocoHNors . I told you I was weak , and 1 feel ho . The fowHontiinnuta I havo uttered have shaken me with omotion . It iH not Himulatod ; it ih what . I deeply fool . I will net , on llie . 10 principles ; and in your name I will endeavour to maintain dim power , the honour , and tho integrity of thin groat country . " ( Ohoern . ) [ "In n lottor from Lord Fitzwilliam , read at tho beginning of tho fount , thoro was ytrong warning na to
the necessity of meeting Russia , without compromise or weakness . ] Mr . Peto was the last speaker of note , and he was very peaceful and commercial in his anticipations : " They saw in France indications of a desire on tho part of the Emperor to consolidate his own power by making freedom of exchange contribute to the prosperity of his empire . " What would be the effect upon the trado of Sheffield if files , iron , and cutlery , should be admitted at a nominal duty into France , and" the wines of France on similar terms into England ? Europe was becoming indoctrinated with the principles of free trade , and when they looked at the fact that the United States contained a third less people than France , ho need not point to tho great hope it afforded to Sheffield when Franco should consult her true interests . "
A Scotch Review Of The Session. Mr. Monc...
A SCOTCH REVIEW OF THE SESSION . Mr . Moncrieit , Lord Advocate of Scotland , lias beon down among his constituents , speaking of himself and of the House of Commons in the usual style of members meeting once more the old familiar faces of their friends , the electors . The Lord Advocate ' s speech has some judicious remarks , and conveys some interesting information . Like a lawyer and a Scotchman , he praised Scotch law . "Although our system has , like all other judicial systems , need of reform , and although , like all other systems of law , expenses and delay must accumulate , and do accumulate to an extent that requires to be remedied and checked , vet we have in Scotland , so far as tho machinery of it goes , and so far as the principles and philosophy of it go , an infinitely superior system to what they have on the other side of the Tweed . The English system is a system artificial to the last degree . It is a great system of law in the way in which it is administered —in the way in which it is worked , it is a system full of the spirit of liberty , which takes care of the freedom of the subject ; but for all that , it has grown out of very barbarous materials ; it is full of strange , odd , and inscrutable fictions , and is altogether different from tho simple philosophic system which Scotland possesses . Tho result of this is , that the law of Scotland can be reformed very easily , without necessitating' a judicial change in its
principles , while m England they cannot even obtain the local jurisdiction of County Courts without the introduction of a new tribunal . In Scotland , on the contrary , wo have had for years and generations our local jurisdictions , which , Whether well reformed or not , are infinitely superior to what formerly prevailed . The reforms in tho law of England which have been going on so rapidly for the last twenty years , are in a great measure founded on tho principles which characterised Scotch law ; and thero is one great principle that I hope to see adopted in England before long—namely , the conjoining of law and equity , which in that country aro divided , but which in Scotland have never been so divided , and , in my opinion , never should . The Sheriff Courts Bill has been called but
a miserable modicum ot reform , and for this reason , that it does not go so far as tho County Courts in England . It should be remembered , however , that the English County Courts have yet to bo tried to see how they work . What is wanted is a combination of economy , rapidity , and soundness of decision . These are the three things required . England is now provided with economy and rapidity , but tho real vice of the system—and a vice which I believe will bring it down—is this , that suitors have to depend on the judgment of one man , and that , too , of a man removed from the courts of law , while their only appeal lies with tho courts at Westminster . Wow , by tho Sheriff Courts Bill , thero was an appeal at oiu : o to tlio shorifl-prineipnl . "
In this stylo Mr . Monerion" proceeded to compare English with Scotch law , very much to the advantage of the latter . Then , after describing the harassing duties of a member of Parliament in such a session as the la . st —• there being , with the exception of Saturday , no breathing time during the week , and asking if it was u wonder that , under such circumstances , things would sometimes slip out of mind , the Lord Advocate said : " -After all , it is a noblo thing to look at tho JIouko of Commons . People may talk about the bribery and corruption of the constituencies , but in that . House is to bo Been a sight that am bo seen nowhere else in Europe , or
in tho world . You will hoo there a man not an aspirant to office ;—not a man looking out merely to hoo what ho can get for himself—not a man , a mere delegate , paid by tho ( lay—but you will see a man with every thing that Btation , wealth , and rank ean purchase for himsolf , and who may spend his days in luxury—yet there lie will be r . eon , from winter to dog-days , toiling from day to day , and ^ ponding laborious nights , scorning all tho eano ho might otherwise ) enjoy—und you will noo a man do thin , not from any aspiration of a pci-uonul kind , not from 11
wish to Aggrandise himself or to obtain any pecuniary reward , but for nothing except that ho might , do his duty to his constituency and bo of uho in bin day and generation . Tina in t . Iie glory of our constitution , and long may it remain ho . It , is r . li ' iM which distinguishoH uh from every country in M 10 world ; and , while wo liavo men of nlution and of wealth who Hpend their time and devote their riervices to tlio laborious bu « incMH of tho country , without ; reward , and without the wiwli or hope for it , . 1 , ho long an this i . s thonpirif . of England , . Scotland , and Ireland , havo no fear of Mm Hrilwh Oonnt . itut . ion . " (<» reut upplaiiso . )
Mr . Moncricir was then asked Home questions , and his replies gave gonenil satisfaction . Ho said that lm had purposely absented himsolf from ( . ho NunuorioN Hill debate ; ho wished to hold himsolf quito oleur to judge the question should nnothor occasion urne .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 10, 1853, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_10091853/page/3/
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