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    870 THE LEADER. [Saturday , ^"¦l-l"-ll"—...

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    The Revue de Geneve (August 17) has a le...

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    The JHoniteur contradicts the assertion,...

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    The cholera lins increased in Berlin. Si...

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    AMERICAN ART AND SCIENCE. In the wide do...

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    CRITFCAL WORDS FROM THE WEST, ON 'VlUi S...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Ft Appears That, The Hwias Federal Counc...

    tonal dispute . In a letter to the administration of that canton the Federal Government says , that while it will continue to urge upon the Austrian Government the maintenance of the treaties respecting the exportation of corn and the raising of the blockade , it has reason to apprehend that Austria will refuse to accede without concessions on the part of the canton . "While , therefore , on the question of the refugees the honour and dignity of the Confederation are in the keeping of the Federal Government , it recommends the cantonal administration to consider whether with regard to the expelled Capucina it may cot he for its interest to make directly or indirectly such offers of concessions to Austria as may lead to the renewal of negotiations , in which the Federal Government would lend its mediation . This unexpected retreat of the Federal authorities has caused great indignation in the canton of Ticino , and the cantonal administration has , it appears , returned a very sharp reply to the proposals of the Federal

    Government . It is probable that the canton of Ticino , abandoned by the Federal Government , will have to yield to Austria , whose rigorous blockade of the frontier , rendering the exportation of grain for the subsistence of the canton impossible , in spite of the formal treaties of 1818 , will literally starve the Ticinese into submission . Austria is supported in these measures by Wurtemberg and Baden , and Switzerland can expect no supplies from France under present circumstances . Some stir has been made by a Genevese society , organized to propagate Protestantism on the Continent . They have published the following as an extract from the regulations

    of the society : —' 'Art . 1 . The Genevese Society for the Furtherance of the Interests of the Protestant Church is composed of such as have at heart the defence and the propagation of tho Protestant faith . Each member pays a contribution , the amount of which is voluntary . Art . 2 . The society proposes ( a . ) To stimulate religious life in the Protestant church . ( 6 . ) To carry the principles of Protestant faith among those who do not profess them , ( e . ) To protect the religious interests of new Protestants . Art . 3 . The measures employed are publications , oral teaching , and every other means calculated to diffuse the teaching of Holy Writ , and to strengthen adhesion to its divine doctrines . "

    The consecration of the new English Protestant church at Geneva took place on the 30 th ult ., the Bishop of Winchester officiating , the Bishop of London having deputed hinvto go over in his place . His lordship preached on the occasion , and after referring to the circumstances of the day , alluded to the asylum afforded to the English Protestant exiles in the time of Queen Mary , and showed that the same kind feeling had prevailed between the ewo churches from that time to the present . Generals Cliangarnicr and Bedcnu arrived at Lucerne on the 31 st of August . The Queen of Holland was expected there .

    870 The Leader. [Saturday , ^"¦L-L"-Ll"—...

    870 THE LEADER . [ Saturday , ^ " ¦ l-l" -ll" — " ¦^^^ j ^^^ mm ^ mm ^^^^^^ m ^^ mm ^^^^^^^^^^^^ i ^ t ^^ m ^^^ m ^^^^^ mm ^^^^^^ m ^^^^^^^^^ ' ^ — - ; ^^^^^~~ - ~~~ m ^ ^ mmt ^ mm * mm

    The Revue De Geneve (August 17) Has A Le...

    The Revue de Geneve ( August 17 ) has a leading article reviewing with great clearness the antecedents and present position of tho Federal Assembly . We givo the opening portion : — " Truly the last session of tho Swiss Federal Assembly may be criticised like everything appertaining to man , in whom , alas ! good and evil are always united ; but nevertheless ia the actual political state of Europe , it is very interesting to ece a republican assembly calmly deliberating , without allowing itself to be disturbed by the rumour of exterior reaction , and above all occupying itself in consolidating its new institutions by preserving them from the invasion of sophisms and reactionary influences . In this latter point of view the two councils of tho Federal Assembly prosenfc one of tho most ; instructive spectacles .

    " Once again wo have seen in the world tho federal form brought to a state of perfection , which has already been adopted by the United States of Northern America , nnd which they have experimentalized with such success during a period of more than sixty years , showing its excellence in . a smaller sphere , but where tho obstacles were perhaps greater . It is true that in Switzerland wo were already propared , as were also tho United States , for the federal life , but wo were less accustomed than America to mako uso of it ns a means to enforce respect for tho individual rights of citizona . Wo had carried tho federativo form to a great length in tho shape of an alliance of tho different Bovercign stales , confederating together ho an to insuro

    their territory and their reciprocal independence in tho minds of foreigners , but in tho primitive form which had rIho been that ; of protecting < ho rights of citizens againut tho encroachments of their own governments , our federative institutions administered imperfectly . It was in vain that wo stipulated in tho Treaty of 1 H 15 for certain guarantees of equality of rights and against all political power exercised by certain olii . s . se . H , and against , all inheritance . . In fact these guarantees wens found to bn of no value , tho reactionary Constitutions of 1814 and lH ] f » had sanctioned numerous inequalities , reestablished unbjoeted counties and districfH , mid eonne . 'ratcd nn hereditary princely power in one of the eonfederntive cantons .

    ' Tho Treaty of 18 ) 5 had nhown itself quite powerle . Kn in its efforts to make till these constitutions enter into tho general principle which had been pointed out as the general guide , from which , not u single one ought , to havo utrayod . Thanks to thai , failure , what , might , havo been legally reformed , had ik > longer a ehanoe of entering again into tho common right ; , but by cantonal revolutions , which were doubtless to bo crowned by a stato revolution , or rather by a federal reform . This i .-i what those would not absolutely understand , whoso reactionary stupidity applied itself in Switzerland , us well ns in no many other eounlries , to tho reconstruction of the past as it was previously , and often to add to it ; even a weightier flen . se . in the past , tlioro were certain precaution /? which sprung up in tho privileged clauses , in consequence of tho Hentiinents of usurpation which they had HiuxoH . sively exorcised upon the rights of citizonn . <* After the routorution of 181 < l > this eonfcim . on . fc no longer

    existed , it had given place to that of a protracted resentment for all that the revolution had caused the privileged classes to lose . From that time all their efforts were bent solely on reconquering all they could ; and , but too often , what remained of the new forms , introduced by the unitary regimen and mediatorial act , only served to render them more determined to return to the past . The cantonal government , which prevailed from 1814 to 1830 , was neither a return towards tho past , in a really good and ancient Swiss . spirit , nor a step towards the advancement' of new Switzerland to the position which modern civilization had given her in central Europe . It was . no other than a painful trial to re-establish old abuses , without offering , in compensation , the old Swiss spirit . To the efforts of

    oligarchical reaction and citizen aristocracy , the people who felt hurt opposed a powerful resistance . In this struggle the individual rights of citizens were often forgotten . The treaty proved quite unable to make these respected , and revolutions very soon broke out in every part of the cantons , A remarkable phenomenon was then to be seen . The treaty , which did not know what to do , in order to force the reaction to respect the general prescriptions of equality of the rights of citizens , on which the Swiss Alliance ought to have been founded , was also unable to do anything to support the reactionary governments which had tried to establish themselves . In reality the revolutions were far nearer the federal legality than the governments which they overthrew . " All these revolutions were anxious to re-establish the

    equality of rights , to efface the distinctions of territory , and the outrageous conditions of the quit-rent , which , in fact , had re-established subjected counties and privileged classes . Besides political rights these revolutions gave the people guarantees , without which the exercise of libert y is but an empty word ; they tried to establish the separation of executive , legislative , and judiciary power ; they accorded the liberty of the press , religious liberty , the right of assembling and associating together ; they endeavoured to render individual liberty a thing not quite devoid of sense ; in a word , they granted the Swiss people that which the Treaty had promised , and what the reactionary cantonal governments had tried to confiscate . The revolutions entered

    into the spirit and the letter of the Treaty , and gave to the federal alliance its primitive meaning , which had been to guard the rights of citizens against all oppression . It was iii this strain that the first alliances , composed of the Waldstetten men , ingenuously expressed themselves .- Wot only to defend their independence from the exterior did they found a confederation , but also to insure their liberty , was the alliance contracted between the citizens and not between the stafes . "

    The Jhoniteur Contradicts The Assertion,...

    The JHoniteur contradicts the assertion , that the French Government is disposed to mako purchases of corn . " Far from opposing the regular course of commerce , " says that journal , " the Government interferes only to assist it by general and equitable measures which secure its liberty , and the security of its operations , and which promote the importation of grain and its distribution throughout the country . " An imperial decree has been published , granting to the railway companies which shall lower their tariffs for the transport of grain , breadstuffs , and potatoes , from this date to . the 31 st of December next , power to raise them , after that date , within the limits of tho maximum a uthorised by their books of charges , without waiting for the delays stipulated therein . Another decree provides that all French or foreign vessels , loaded entirely with grain , breadstuffs , rice , potatoes , or dried vegetables , shall pass on all the rivers and canals free from all navigation dues from this date up to the 31 st of Dec . next .

    The Council General of tho Ilorault , over which M . Michel Chevalier presides , has unanimously passed two resolutions—ono expressing a desiro to see a general reform of tho customs tariffs effected , and tho second relating to tho system of the sliding ecalo as applicable to tho imports nnd exports of corn . In Prussia , a favourable report on tho harvest has been made by tho Berlin College of Political Economy . It is said that ; Prussia will propose in tho Zollverein conferences to admit corn duty free ; but whether this is to bo a permanent or only a temporary occupation is not at presont clear .

    Ihe Gonfalonicrn of Forli has been threatened by tho populace on account of tho high price of bread . He has taken flight into Tuscany . The official Gazetta of Venico contradicts certain rumours which have gono abroad respecting tho harvest , and announces tho arrival at Venice of so largo a quantity of corn thai ; the authorities are at a loss where to stow it . On Wednesday there was a fall of nearly ono franc in tho corn market of Brussels . in (* recce tho Ministry have forbidden tho exportation of corn , and havo suppressed the , till now , existing systom of the sliding scale for tho importation of grain , substituting a fixed tax .

    The Cholera Lins Increased In Berlin. Si...

    The cholera lins increased in Berlin . Since the beginning of August then * have been 14 : $ aincit , i ) . 'J of which have ended filially . The perwmid precaution \ ined by the men of the lire brigade and policemen deserved note ; they wear a warm woollen wni . stband , nnd are provided with cholera drops . At , Hamburg the eholera i ;) said tohavojin epidemic form . B y lnte ammiitu from Copenhagen we find for that city attacks 7287 , and deaths ' AMU , out of n population of about . ' 200 , 000 . At the Name rate of mortality the death * in London would amount to 40 , 000 . Cholera in inerea . sing rapidly ut Oiuit / . ic : 4 . 1 cases wero reported from the L ' uth to the 2 < 5 th . The deaths already noted amount ( o l . 'W . ihe ciuien als o increase at this place : 21 were reported yesterday . It in mud that the eholera in making great progress ia KiiBsm , especiall y in the nouthorn provinces , where lar / m bodies of troopH are fitationed . The di . seaHO luui made In

    nppearanee on vnnoiw pointn of the frontier of JOiiNturn ( indicia .. In Jutland tho cholera n . akeo progress , and tho accounte from Wwodon are gloomy .

    American Art And Science. In The Wide Do...

    AMERICAN ART AND SCIENCE . In the wide domain of science and in the nat ' pursuit of art , the Americans still push on . The survey curried out by the United States officers' ^ making steady and rapid progress . This survey ] J now been in operation for several years , mostly und * the superintendence of Professor Bache , a very ace ^ plishcd scientific man . It is the most scientific wo * ] " the American Government has ever undertaken . Tal t and industry have been lavishly bestowed on it . Sava in Europe have made many and minute inquiries oh the subject . The draughts are artisticall y beautiful and the nautical and astronomical

    calculations hav ' been traced with interest and commendation . I , or ( i Ross , Mr . Ward , and Dr . Waters have bestowed un . measured praise on the plan and the execution . But more solid things have grown out of it . It has given security to the commerce of the world , clustering on the eastern coast of America . A large corps" of naval officers and citizen volunteers have been thoroughly trained in the practical duties of their profession . Pro . Fessor Bache has now an enviable reputation from his sagacious management , his learned papers , and the practical advantages all navigators on the American coast have experienced .

    The glass manufacture and the wine-growing of America , as shown in their Crystal Palace , are well described by the Morning Chronicle correspondent : " In the United States department , there is an enormous mirror , the glass of which is clear , thick in fact , a lake of crystal—containing a hundred square feet . I may here remark that America excels iu tho manufacture of glass . Immense quantities are made , especially in the New Jersey Woods , which supply an abundance of charcoal . A short time since , I passed through a cleared forest in New Jersey for nearly nine miles , all the wood of which had been cut down to be

    converted into charcoal for the glass manufacturers . Some of the glass displayed is superior , but not equal to plate glass ; yet I cannot help thinking that ere long this country will rival France and Venice in the finer article . And hero this is a source of extravagance ; for in the best houses of New York and Philadelphia , the ends and sometimes the sides of drawing-rooms and parlours are literally sheets of looking-glass , making morning visitors abashed by the

    frequent reflection of their own beloved image , east , west , north , and south . Still I complain not of the luxury ; for though it may engender an anti-republican pride on tho one hand , yet it encourages manufactures and feeds the family of the industrious artisan on the other . Still there is a disadvantage in half-acro mirrors , in silken couches and Turkey carpets , in gilded wall-papers and gold cornices . They are sometimes too grand .

    " There is no reason in the world why this conntry should not become as celebrated for wines as Franco and Italy . Nowhere does the grape ripen with more delicious flavour and richness , and whether on tho Moselle , the Garonne , the Rhine , tho Po , or tho Adige , we are sure that , with cultivation , their vinous products may be fully rivalled in America . Mr . Longworth , of Cincinnati , has produced superb champagne , under the name of ' Sparkling Catawba ; ' and at ft recent ' Wistar patty * wo henrd a lafco French Consul to the United States pronounce n specimen equal to . Fronch champagne , and only wanting age . It was

    sparkling , clear , rich , bright , and wus really wiaewithout adulteration . Then we tasted a sherry from Georgia , which was superior , and wines from Berks county , Pennsylvania , and New Jersey , fully equalling a capital Hock or Rhino wine when new . It is impossible that tho grape can grow more luxuriantly nnywhere than in America , and there can bo no doubt of tho Kucccss of this country sit no very distant ng e as n wine region . Hut this is a dif * rc \ snion . Many wine * have been exhibited n <; tho Crystal Palace , but as t heir excellence depends upon taste and flavour rather than , upon appearance , it is impossible- to nay anything nbout them . "

    Critfcal Words From The West, On 'Vlui S...

    CRITFCAL WORDS FROM THE WEST , ON 'VlUi SOCIAI , KX 1 M 5 UIMJSNT 8 OF AMICHICA , Tintou Falls , Mnnmouth County , NJJuly , iaM . ¦ My dhau " Ton , "—I upont nome live months a & tw North American Plmlftnstury . nnd onte , mlHu ( Hciei < itiy «»<> its industries und nociul urrnngoinentd to ncquir" « " " timnto knowledges of its workimw . Looked « t from ft

    Fourieris !; point , of view it ih a complete failure . I » ' attempted organization of labour there is iiofcyefc , ^" '' " Htrenuoiis nnd persevering- attempt of ten yearn ' dunition , Mie first glimpse of anything like " attract" * ? dnntry . " I ,, <> ver Hnw UMy j , ofc <> f p ,. Ople tf <> «!><> " * ''" J work in a more uninterested , or in u more dip-H " ' manner , thniMho members of tho North Ainovic ^ Phalanx , with / of courHo , hoiuo low exceptions A c 01 *

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 10, 1853, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_10091853/page/6/