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Leader (1850-1860), 10th December 1853, Edition Country of 2, Page 4

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      The Post-Ampt Gazette Of Frankforj State...

      liers of this order , taken from the most distinguished men which Germany possesses in science , letters , and the arts , without regard to nationality or religion . In the number is M . Meyerbeer .

      •#' ' ' 1180 The Leader. [Saturday,

      • # ' ' ' 1180 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

      Flogging Russian Sailors At Portsmouth. ...

      FLOGGING RUSSIAN SAILORS AT PORTSMOUTH . We find , the following story in the papers :- — The public have been informed that the Russian frigates Aurora and Navqrin have been allowed to enter Portsmouth , harbour for purposes of repair . Some little time ago some of the sailors belonging to those ships not relishing the service in "which they had been cornpulsorily engaged , determined to take advantage of the immunity afforded to them by the laws of our free country , and . to leave the service of the Czar . Accordingly six of them having contrived to get on shore at Portsmouth , proceeded towards London , and

      had nearly reached Guilford , when they were overtaken by an officer of the Russian frigate . 4 xtrora , accompanied by an English inspector of police , and were by them brought back by railway to Portsmouth . Here they were placed on board the English ship Victorious , that vessel having been placed at the disposal of the captain of the Aurora , for the accommodation of himself and his crew during the execution of the repairs required by their frigate the Aurora . The deserters thus brought back , were confined on board the Victorious , and as it is asserted were submitted there byihe Russian officers to severe corporal punishment . These infractions of . the law of England became known in

      London . Persons proceeded to Portsmouth to ascertain the circumstances of the case , and on their instructions an affidavit was made in due form , and a writ of Habeas Corpus was issued by Mr . Justice Wightman , directed to Rear-Admiral Martin , the Admiral Superintendent of Dockyard at Portsmouth , and as such commanding all the ships in ordinary in that harbour ; to Capt . Edward Hinton Scott , the Captain of the Guard-ship of the Ordinary ; to Capt . I wan Nikolajewiez Islamatiff , commanding the . Russian frigate \ 4 u-

      rora , and to any other person having the custody of the sailors in question ( their names being set out at length ) , commanding them in the name of the Queen of England to have the bodies of the said sailors immediately before the Lord Chief Justice of England . On this writ being served on Rear-Admiral Martin he declined to obey , it until he had communicated with the Admiralty . Captain Scott being absent on leave , could not be served , but the writ was served upon Commander William " Worsfold , officiating for Captain Scott in his absence . This officer ' s answer was that

      he would consult the officer commanding m chief at Portsmouth . The writ was next taken to the Captain of the Aurora . The Russian declined receiving it ( although its nature was fully explained to him ) except through the Russian Ambassador or consul . The conbuI being absent the vice-consul was waited on and his assistance requested , but he positively refused to interfere , alleging the absence of ids suporior as bis excuse . The writ was then again taken on board the Aurora ,

      but the person bearing it was refused access to the captain and not allowed to come on board , and when it waH tendered to the lieutenant , who appeared at the gangway , that officer declined receiving it . The bearer then , as lie went down the side of the ship , placed it in through one of the port-holes , but the lieutenant having perceived this , took the writ up and threw it from the . ship , and it fell into a boat alongside . There are witnesses ready to attest all these facts .

      It is said that the sailors were mado drunk , and Reduced from their duty by Polish refugees ; but wo believe there is not any truth in the statement . The A urora , Captain IsIamutifF , sailed from PortHinouth , cm Wednesday , for the Pacific , and has thus terminated the matter of tho Jfabean Corpus writs for the recovery of tho bodies of the re-captured deserters from her . The day before the writs were again sent down there from London , being addressed to the Commander-in-chief and Commander Worsfold , of tho Neptune , commanding them in the Queen ' s name to produce not only the six men in question before the

      Lord Chief . Justice , but also to bring tho Russian captain himself before that dignitary . Acting upou advice , those officers , however , though most courteous , jigain declined to obey the writ , except by tho orders of the Admiralty , tho men not being in any way in their custody or power . In the meantime every ciFort w ; is made to get the ship to ne . a . She wan towed out of harbour to ftpithcad in tho afternoon , and her powder und shell following , she took them on ¦ hoard . At muirie . o tho next morning she wan observed through the log to be jetting under weigh , and in another hour ' s time sbe fired a parting salute , and wan soon out of night .

      Tho Russian corvette , Navar ' ni , is still in dock , undergoing a thorough re-caulking and repair . A number of dockyard men aro engaged upon her . Mr . Charles Ronalds , tho solicitor who obtained the writ , doilies throe false statements in tho Tiiium namely , that the mon wore seduced by Polos ; that tho writ wan produced to tho captain on board the Aurora ; whereas it was on hoard tho Victorious ; and that the writ was thrown from tho nort-holo of tho Englinh whip ,

      Turkey And Russia. The Following Resolut...

      TURKEY AND RUSSIA . The following resolutions will be submitted to the meeting which "will be held at Newcastle on Monday , Mr . George Crawshay in the chair : — " 1 . That , in the opinion of this meeting , the aggressions of Russia upon Turkey , unprovoked and / unprincipled' as they are acknowledged to be by the rest of Europe , ought to command , on behalf of the Sultan , the sympathies of all Englishmen , and the most serious attention of the British Government ; not only as regards the abstract justice of the cause of Turkey , which no one denies , but as regards the imminent peril to the liberty and civilization of Europe , from the ambitious and encroaching policy of the Russian Government . " 2 . That this meeting has seen with satisfaction the repeated assurances , given on various occasions , by more than one of her Majesty ' s Ministers , of the full determination of her Majesty ) in concert with her ally , Louis Napoleon , Emperor of the French , to preserve the independence of the Sultan and of Turkey , ' at all hazards ; ' but that , nevertheless , it appears to this meeting that the exigence has now assumed a shape winch renders it indispensable that her Majesty should seek the advice of her Parliament with as little delay as possible , in order that the British nation may know the position in which they stand with the aggressive power—Russia , as well as what exertions and what sacrifices may be required at their hands , in order to enable her Majesty at once to cement her alliance with the French nation and their Emperor , for the purpose of offering a consistent and determined resistance to the policy and proceedings of the Russian Government .

      " 3 . That a loyal memorial to her Majesty , based upon these resolutions , be adopted by this meeting , signed by the Mayor on behalfof the meeting , andentrusted to Lord John Russell for presentation to her Majesty . " Newcastle , the first to move in this matter , is certain not to flinch from her manly course on this

      oc-. - We readily give currency to the testimony to the character of the Turks , of the Reverend Henry Christmas , contained in a lecture delivered by him at the Southwark Literary Institution . He told his hearers that the principal beauties of Constantinople were its bazaars and mosques , both of which were numerous and magnificent . Every bazaar had niches in the sides of the wall , in which sat bearded and turban ed . Turks , smoking their pipes , and coolly awaiting for purchasers of their wares . Every bazaar sold a particular article , and that when any one went to buy he must be prepared to be asked for' the article he was in want of ten times as much as it was worth , but in other respects the Turk was perfectly honest ; indeed , he would rather

      have his hand cut off than tell a lie . The mosques , some of which were 152 feet high , were magnificent , which was all he could say of them ; it was out of his power to describe their beauties . The Turks were exceedingly ignorant , but had a great respect for all Christians . He knew of no race so religious as the Turks , and they were not , like some nations , afraid of being ridiculed . The reverend lecturer , after giving various anecdotes illustrative ' Turkish hospitality , described the dress and arms of their military , and said it was a great error to suppose they were weak in their army ; indeed it was his opinion that when they came face to face with the " red haired unbelievers , " as they called the Russians , that the army of Nicholas , great as it was , would sink beneath that of the Sultan .

      The news of Turkish victories , home to America , has created a great sensation . The Washington Union contains the following paragraph , which , however , from that pretentious journal , must be received witn caution : — " A New York paper gave an Extra to the public , containing the news , and nays , editorially , what the Administration fool— 'A general continental war would seem to be inevitable . . " But from the first wo were disposed to believe the Czar would not'keep the ring , ' and thin opinion w ntill unchanged . The ' pluck of tho Sultun we nover doubted . He in full of fight ,, and will not submit to any conditions from bin adversary , as long as a Cossack foe trends upon Turkish soil . Every American heart must bo enlisted for

      bis HiicccHM . The good of every land must espouse the cause of the oppressed agniiiHt the- oppressor , and give it moral support . In such a contest as Russia is engaged in , nbe can have no friends . IT she has to milled an ignominious retreat from the Principalities to tbo tune of the ' Rogue ' n March , ' enlightened humnnity will rejoice at the iu'C ( 'Hni ( y which occasioned tho disgrace . We have an little confidence in her prowess an we have in her integrity . Tho Serf > h far from being the equal of tbo Turk in combat . The engagements already reported are conclusive on this point . ' It jiIko thinks iWkey will be an overmatch for the Czar , hut if . she wants help she will receive from . Franco aH much an she desires . There have been long conferences lit the White Jlousw to-day . "

      Amertcan Inventions. Two Recent American...

      AMERTCAN INVENTIONS . Two recent American inventions have been brought out , which have excited very great interest . Talbnt ' s tunneling machine has just been tried , with complete miceesH ; and it has been demonstrated that mountains of primitive stone and tho hardest rocks in tho earth can be successfully and economically tunneled by tho agency of steam applied to this new invention . The hIow and expensive process of perforating by the drill and blast will bo thrown aside . In tho experiment of which I speak , tho machine , moved by a sieiuu-engine , cut an excavation of 17 foot , j n diameter through tho hardest rock at tho rate of about throe feet in two hourtf . Tho procoHu consists in cutting and crushing

      the rock by means of rotating discs of steel , in . sue cessive series , which describe in their movement segments of circles from the centre to the circumference of the tunnel , with a gradual motion around the common . centre ; while the steam-engine is constantly pressing the machinery on a direct line with the axis of the tunnel . , The newest . and most extraordinary feature of the application of this power consists in the combination of different sets of discs , which act upon the entire surface to be excavated by a system of gradation perfectly regular , and by a power that is irresistible . The machine , which is worked so satisfactorily , is made entirely of iron , and weighs about 75 tons , exclusive of the engine and boiler . One of the most

      interesting features of the exhibition was witnessed when the machine began to cut the rock in an oblique direction , for it was observed that those discs or amis which were cutting the stone moved with the same facility that those did which were playing in the air . Gradually the cutters described their curve , the great faceplate of 17 feet constantly revolved , throwing out and drawing back its arms with complete regularity , seizing and crushing the rock with irresistible power . Only four men are required to work this machine to the greatest advantage ; and two of them confine their attention to the engine which propels it . There is no necessity for suspending the work day or night , except for those intervals when the cutters have to be

      sharpened , or new ones substituted . The amount of time and expense which is saved by the operation is incredible until its results are witnessed . It will readily occur that it supplies a want which has been felt in every department of civil engineering . It will revolutionize the whole system of railway construction , and it is regarded as one of the most wonderful inventions of any age . The second invention , which has excited almost the same amount of interest , it is not easy to give a distinct idea of . I therefore substitute for anything I might say the following description of the new submarine invention , written by an eye-witness specially qualified for his work :-

      —" The machine is of peculiar construction , being , in fact , a mechanical Nautilus , having the power of ascent and descent at will , entirely independent of suspension . In connexion with the machine at the surface is a reservoir of condensed air , which , according to depth of water , may contain from 201 b . to 1201 b . pressure of air to tho square inch . This compression is produced by a powerful pump , capable of throwing 4000 cubic feet of air per hour . By an interior arrangement of tanks , & c , a variable buoyancy may be given to the machine , capable of lifting ¦ wei ghts of 10 or more tons . It can be held in suspension to

      at any point of ascent or descent , thus allowing stones be raised clear from the bottom , then transported and deposited in any precise spot . Movement is made in any direction by a series of three cables and anchors , worked from tho inside . Ascent and descent are effected in a most rapid manner . This facility of descent , change of buoyancy , and power of movement Tinder water , render this machine of great value for all submarine purposes . The ¦ whole bed of a river may be explored from bank to bank . Treasure , pearl shells , corals , sponges , and all products under water may be easily gathered and sent to the surface without requiring the machine to rise . An arrangement of the machine permits the digging of trenches under

      water , by which telegraph wires and water pipes may bo placed below the reach of anchors . Foundations of piers may be prepared , and then built upon , obviating all crane work for raising or lowering stone , as all work of lifting , transporting , and depositing is done by tho machine itself . An arrangement is also inado for attaching camels to sunken ships , in order to raise them by applying points of support directly to tho timbers of the ship . In a word , the power of condensed air , acting as a motor , docs tho whole work , merely reouiriner two men inside , and ono at

      the surface , to manage it . Mr . Lee , engineer of the company , entered with his men , and immediately commenced the descent ; depth of water , 30 feet . He roso the first time in four seconds from tbo bottom , jumping almost clear from the water . Another descent followed , and movement was ir ^ ndo towards the ste rn of tho ¦^ J * "" * Carolina , rising again about 100 feet distant . i , U « machine ; , capable ofholuing ten persons , was moved , witn one hand by Mr . Glitz , who volunteered to descend . A party of gentlemen then entered and descended , removing the cover ( four feet , in diameter ) from tbo bottom . Owing to descent into the mud , tho machine was started rapidly and iiM

      to the surface , jumping nearl y clear of it , nnm « c" -v disappearing . " After romiiining half-an-hour longer , tlio gentlemen re-appeared . The success of the machine wu « perfect ,. The experiment was private , to receive uw , opinion of some of our most talented officers of « ng > ' «™ ; Captain HikIhou , Lieutenant Hoggs , mid oflicei-s ot " »' yard ; Captains Cullum and Oihner , of the United btal « fl ' Wngineernj General Ward , B . Burnett , and Air . Ji- »• Turke , of Philadelphia , iih also a number of our fn ; nt niei-1-hnnl . H and cnptaiiw , vvinu present . But ono opinion w »« expressed viz ., that a practical machine for nil l >« P ° . ' { _" whs obtojned , Tho dimensions of thin machine iiro 11 « , < greatest diameter in tbo centre , and 8 feet at top » " , bottom ; height , H feet ; opening in bottom w *" through , 4 feel , The di-Hcent is attained by " »« " £ " ¦ single valvo ; accent , by moving ono nir '""' ""' J . ^ J f valve . The safety of this machine is great , M , Wgw tlio air pipe , ascent can be obtained by » ' ^ «« ' '" 1 ' ° j in ono minute . . Some weeks since , the ilo \ u K <>» ' ««• , nr . iT :... ! I .., l . iu I 1 V / . / . IW 1 PV flit ) MllUH ' «««**

      Ecuador , Professor . Incknuii , of Boston , an" £ 1 " , ^ gentlemen , witnessed oxi > erimontH at 'Jicn ^" n ' nicu . Walker and Dr . J . iolcaon remaining below me , 1 . noum j tion with tho bottom at 37 foot for more than lmli-un nour

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 10, 1853, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_10121853/page/4/