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Oct. 13, 1860] The Saturday Analyst and ...
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LEATHER, PRATERS. THE rain, which made u...
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INDUCTIVE PSYCHOLOGY.* "V^TE usl; the ' ...
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'' ¦ ¦• ¦JtynUtirMflnwW- Mivitttr'iffity...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Oct. 13, 1860] The Saturday Analyst And ...
Oct . 13 , 1860 ] The Saturday Analyst and Leader . 863 ¦
Leather, Praters. The Rain, Which Made U...
LEATHER , PRATERS . THE rain , which made us tremble for our liai'y . Orst : -., lias filled the ¦¦ . springs in our Uplands , and , -by thoroughly flushing' - the Thames , may , ibr oiijfhl we know , have saved . London from a prsti-. lence , and flic harvos-t was never lost after all . Therofbrc , our prayera for fine weather , were , according-to some , mi impiety and an impertinence , and the . satire of one of our '< -ol ' empor , nrias fit Us heavily on the Ci . shop of Sallsui / uy , as havnig * presumed , of course with many other * , to . interfere , or rather as fancying-, that ¦ national prayer * could interfere with the wi-e . and settled course ' of tilings . We shall soon 1 ) 3 taug-ht to doubt whether prayer lias beva enjoined , or what may touch objectors nearer , whether the-disposition , say rather the universal instinct- of pravcr , is not a fallacy altogether ; and whether that to which ail g-ood men , ' heathens included , have ., especially j .-hvii' in their' adherence , is not a grotesque blun . 'lci , ' <;• , a : i . irroli ^ ioiis presumption . It ii raMicicr . rious . that the best men of every creed and sect s-houltl have bevn grievouslywron . u ' , and that non-prayer ;? , including- for the moot part atheist , ! , and thosa no ^ -lig-entof nibst moral duties , should have been right , and that their mere unconcern should have coincided so marvcl . lou . sly with the highest practical piety and submission to divine avranp-ements . ""•• ¦¦ . ¦ Certain difficulties connected with prayer , obvious now , and al-Avays obvious to every . thinking man , are paraded before us , as if they were . ' a- ' 'discovery . We often pray , says . Skakk ^ pkki' ; , for things . . '¦''¦ ¦'¦/¦¦' ¦ Which the Avise ' powers Deny us for our good , so ' find tc profit , . ¦¦¦¦ '' . By losiiig of our prayers . ¦ We often pray , unconsciously , for things in the ordinary course of ., nature impossible r : md equally g-ood men . in various parts of the " . world ; or even in the same country , are : making- ' ¦ prayers for opposites , which , cannot , of ; course , in V literal sense , both be o- ' -aiite ' u : Interests are opposed . ; vThe shepherd . gains' , b y \ vct . ' seasofts ; " says .. . bir VyiLT . r . vK Tn ? . fPXT-, and . tlia . plong-hman . bv drv ; " while trade : increases in o ' na place it decays in another- " ' such , variety of conditions and courses , of life , . metis' designs . and interests ' ' must be : opposite to each other , and : both cannot " succeed alike . Is not ••¦ tins .-a Aufiicient reason ta many for not pravin ^ - ' at all . . . The prayers and blessings of the * Old Testament may be said generally to differ widely from the . Ifcyv ., as ha . ying- more to do with the body and temporal ibrtunes , less with , the interiial state . TIlc model prayer simplifies the latter greatly , nnd takes away selfish strivings for . preference in the matter of secular , benefi fc . ••' Give us this day our . daily bread , " better perhaps so , than' largely and in-. discreetly amplified . This Wasto . be the ' general , ' simple , ungreedy form , arid that pinnipot ' . eri . ee of prayer winch' was to re ' niove riioun- tains , Was , sppiccn qf probably- with reference to miraculous iriterferenees granted to certain individuals . This would now be admitfced . by all , I ^ o one would pray against the action of a . necessary natural law , when once fully discovered to be invariable ; tor in-. stance , men might ]> r * iy that the rains which swell a ( loVastatin" ' river . might .. cense , not that the river might suspend its course , or How backward ; - ; . . . " ¦¦¦ . . ¦ What ; ¦ ¦¦ ¦!)« vip-K . N- call * ' : ' the page of eonting-ency , " is open for prayer ; at least , as long as ' it rpinains in our eyes cdutingency ; To pray jigniiififc amu- ) i \ . oi ; sal action of nature would be . cliiiriieterisotl by the ' luost pious nieu nowas aiTOgancd tui ' d folly-. ¦ ¦¦ ., ' . ¦ "Will our philosophers allow us . to go ¦ so far as t ' p pray " for our daily bread R !> Wei .-say nothing here about fine harvests , still ie . ss abp \ it finp , lmvvosl ; . weathov . . Horo . is a . " difficulty .. -. What puts bread into ¦ pur mouths may take it out' of a inan ' s month who " is ¦ in © very way-worthier , than . ourselves , and who is praying" for his daily bread ; . as earnestly . as wp do , If ¦ . philosppliprs will leave u , <» what is epivfossodly tlio bonbfieial altitude ofjwgyor , the foplln ^ of dependence of some sort on a higher Being 1 , for what then may wo pray ? ' ¦ /• ¦ , . ¦ _ ¦ ¦ . ¦ . ' , ' ¦¦ . ¦ ¦ •'¦ ¦
Pbrmiitiis . ipais expondoro nunnnibus . j probably in the words of . jjbbo Old . Kowan Satirist , " ., pbodionfc pasaioris , arid a will resiguQcI , AndPntioiioosovoroign o ' oi'fcrnnsmated ill . May we $ g oven so i \\ v as this ? ¦ We . nlay be contravening the eourso of nftturd and the nocpssary ordorof thing-s . " Tpmpostis , " savs X ^ ord JEJhsiciitr , " oceasionaDy sliakp ouv dwollhiffs and , dissipate our eommercp , but thoy scourg'o before them the lazy elomonfes , whioh , , without thorn , would stpgnrtto ' -into pestilence ; " and- i » ay wo . -not say tjje smiio of moral' storm « and disorder ? Tho tejnpoHt of despotic ; tyranny may wako a nation into libovty , and if tho dbapot . liaa prayed , and prayod HuceossfVilly , ri ^ ninot his own 'arbitrary w « o it wiiole nation migfbj : hnvo mnclo ( slower pvog-ross , Is ot one of nuv vanities , is ffivon in vain , and therpforo wo should pcrhapH ho wrbiic to put up any prayer for their diminution , . Tho woppo ol conting'oncy will , wo beliovo , alwayis bp suflleiont for tho oxpr (; i « o oi pruyor , though disebvorios of natural anil neoo »« arv laws may hpro . ancl thorp limit it . As to tho answer pf pimyor we ¦ SWfJr ' ' ^ f & ¥ ^ ' . AS 9 » - Pwy whether thoy ' are satishea with tho roaulfc of thoir prnvors—BQ ttatisfipdns to eon ' tinup thorn . Wo behove that tboy would ariswpv " yps , " and wltli t ' ruo ¦ and nnraltoruig : lips . _ There i « ono thing wo woujd oiwovvo , for tho bonoflt of Ilio uunxn Xhomoinpnt anntuniT low in diwovpved it ibcooirios a pni W | iount . duty to attend to it , « od ancl imiuro forg-ivo uothum-to . howliii'pnoo ¦ wpuW ^ hoNy tln « ]> y cari-yij ^ oft ' the uninppu atot I oli i U ? o ( a , pug , Spiho pbjopt , ou rphg-ious prrpuxiicls , ; to nvjaiing 1 , thomfiolvps . of ' * '¦ . ¦ ' r ' - ¦ , ¦ ¦'¦ , ¦' , ' " i ¦ . '¦ •¦' . ' . ¦ l , ; ; , ' . , . , ' '' ,: ' ; t ''¦ ' '¦' . " , - ' ' ' . . ''¦ ' ' ' \ ¦ ' ' . 1 .. ' ' . ' ' . ' , . . ' . ¦ ¦ ) l ¦ ' "' ' . " : ' ' "' '¦¦ ' ' , i ' ¦' . ' .. > ' ' . ' . ' : . " . ¦ ' ' " . " V '" ., ' ' ¦ . ' 'I ' t :
I . ¦ ' ' ' . ¦ ' . ¦ j f-. imilar important discoveries . The declaration of the Sarbonne at j Paris , with reyard to this veryiiubject , in < M .-ulation ,. i ! i answer to \ nous ' ol yeetors , was . . ' i C ^ qui csfc ttlilc aux liomms'j nc psi'tt doplairc a Dieu . ¦
Inductive Psychology.* "V^Te Usl; The ' ...
INDUCTIVE PSYCHOLOGY . * "V ^ TE usl ; the ' work mentioned below t's a petf on which to H hang the following 1 disfj [ uidition . Xew ideas , conceptions , : m , iions ., require new terms for their adequate expression . These . ' ' D'jiy he newly-coined words and phrases , or old ones employed > vith ; new ¦ jiieanin '<> -Ps carei ' ully defined . We have at present no term that j comprehends . all the . perceptive and emotional characteristics of \ sentient beiiij . ys . from the highest to tJie lowest : notL'vmforexjjres . sing " ' ' tlie aj ^ rptcnite of phenomena which distia . Lj'ui . shc . s tlte liviii . «^' or . f ? fi'riism j frc .:: n thp-dead . body . Por want of another term , we shall call this i , 's-j / rnira ?/? // . Xo ' . v it v . 'ill be found th . iit t ! ie p ^ yehicaiitv of all ! aiiimatod creatures , from the hig' ] j . est to tlie Ivwcrft in connnon , has i two e . > . sential and fundamental ' characteristics . One is the capacity oi" pevcoivinj . ! , ' things ; the Other is the capacity of feeling' de . sires and their Correlative aversions . Among- the ¦ '" things " tliat ¦ can be ] jorceivcd , are not merely external objects and internal states , but rehrf /' oit-f . Relations , ag'ain , are of various sorts : there are relations j between external objects , as between g-rcater and Jess , in map'iiitude and number ; relations , between internal . states , us between the sudden remembrance of a calamity temporarily forgotten , and the consequent jp-ief tliiit ensues on recollecting- it ( an-example of the relation of cause ami effect ) ; relations . - between external objects and internal states , as between the poisonous substance and ' the efiect produced ' hi the living- . org-ani . sm ( another : example of cause and ! effect ); relations of relations , as ¦ : i . the relation between the ratios in I 2 :-land 3 : 12 . The relation which 2 bears to I , is - . half as great ¦ '¦; : that which 3 hears to 12 , is a quarter as g-rent , consequently the : relation which the ft > rmerbears to . tho hitter is that of being-, half ; is . - ¦ ¦ f t-reat , ¦ Relations of relations may ha indefinitely . extended -thus . ; . having e'ot the . relation between 2 ¦ ¦ . 4 < and 3 : 12 , wo iiia-y compare i-t " With the relation . which 4 : 12 bears to T ) : 30 . Xovyi is one-third . of 12 , ' and G is one-Sixth of 3 <> , . so that the relation which 4 : 12 . bears to 0 : 3 G , is that of twice as g-reat : ' that is-, Ciiual to the : . . relation between 2 : 4 and 3 . 12 ; The . relation of 2 : 4 to 3 : 12 , is . tvi'ice . as : crreat ; the relation . of , 4 : . 12 t , > : ( . > : > K » 5 ;; t \ vii-e .. as - . great ; . . ¦ ¦¦ : ; . tlVerefore tire relation ofilws & ttvo ¦' i : <> I « : 'ioj / . < i -is : lhi \ t of equality . . ¦; ' ¦¦¦¦ Or- cxp . ros : i it thiis-rTi bears the ' saiuo - ' pnippriiou to ;;| .,. as ^ !) . ears , ' : to-f . ; these fractions " reduced to a common ' denoiiiinator , and' to their lowest' terms will . stand thus—i : ' < ,:: i : ± - or exprussed in ' v .-ords— -a third is as much greater than a sixtli , as a half is g-reater than a quarter ; or tlius- ^—the relatioii between ono-tliirtl and one-sixth , is the same as the relation between . a-half . and a-quarter . Anditmjiy be mentioned herein passingvthat , th . 6 ' gretitcrthoii ; umber ' ¦ ¦ ofrelations , of relatioiis ,, & ci , that can be perceived , the greater the intelligence—the higher the intellectual developiiicnt . We have ; here einployed nuiaerical relations as most convenient for illnstra- . tion . The ' iriost , promihent of the noi ^ niatheinaticjil relations . is , that of cause and ' . effectsitluded to above . . Anotl . ivr liiyhly important relation is that Vvliichg'pes innle-i . " the varioris de . si ^ -iuitions of fitiiess ; adrtptatioh , .. cong-ruity , ' , harmony ; it is' thiv oilice of reason , that " is of the capacity of perceiving 1 , in oiie of its diverse , inoxles Of acting , tip , cpgiiise and appreciate this " relation ; and thqroidro . it is . that lnmlan niiscry , dey-vadatipu , and ci-iino are , to uso . the ; common expression , " revolting' to the intellect an > v till us . to the heart , " there being hi iiho spcctaclo of an . improvable and a pi' 6- ^ g'ressiye being like man , ' pliu » 8 ; o ( l : 'in . vi hnvo no Hiutublo and ' ni ) itt'oprittto tca-ius ' at uvwvnV fov ( U' « i uaiin / iMvl . uL wo . muy roughly o ( i . H tho iiipfciaolH of ¦ phmtH . TIiohu vc ^ oi . ablo JUrttmots and ahymioal alllnitiOM Jiihy hu < j . uito . m ouwqus and iuo . vpllpwWo as tho' uevoop ^ iow ( tml poling , tjio odtfi * itij » n' and pinoUanuhty of , ii i Vi . - i . u . i ' i n' mi i I II ¦ "" -r * r * i * t * , — . , — , .-,. " , .... . .. ¦ - , ¦
'' ¦ ¦• ¦Jtynutirmflnww- Mivitttr'iffity...
'' ¦ ¦• ¦ JtynUtirMflnwW- Mivitttr'iffity I ) y ^ oaorh-lt JlrliltfQs . Mmlon | Willli ., & HoiiJ , ¦
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 13, 1860, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_13101860/page/7/
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