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* JAtftJAfci? ifc, 1853.] ¦ ¦* ft fi LEa...
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< SB we
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SATURDAY, JANtTABY IS * 1853.
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tybhlit tfaita.
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Thene is nothing so revolutionary, becau...
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ever been presented to the English peopl...
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CHURCH AND STATE: THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
* Jatftjafci? Ifc, 1853.] ¦ ¦* Ft Fi Lea...
* JAtftJAfci ? ifc , 1853 . ] ¦ ¦* ft fi LEaOSR . 86
≪ Sb We
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Saturday, Janttaby Is * 1853.
SATURDAY , JANtTABY IS * 1853 .
Tybhlit Tfaita.
tybhlit tfaita .
Thene Is Nothing So Revolutionary, Becau...
Thene is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing ao unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the World is by the very la-vfr of"its creation in eternal progress . —Da . AsuQtvi
Ever Been Presented To The English Peopl...
ever been presented to the English people in . the course of our history ; and that remark may be extended , not only to the state of trade within our own frontiers * out to the condition of those colonies which are commercially most important ; and even to the most important countries in commercial relations with us . We insist upon this view , because it is important that all classes should know the substantial nature of the present prosperous condition , both in order that full advantage may be
THE OPENING TEAR OF INDUSTRY . " Thb accounts of the state of trade in the provinces throughout the first weiek in the new year , furnish indications of a more uniform and satisfactory kind , than have perhaps ever before been presented on a similar occasion . " So says the commercial editor of the Times ; but we edit give to his view a much more extended expression * The accounts of the state of commerce , in the largest sense of the word , for the itnmeaiate season , are more satisfactory than any that have
taken of the opportunities which are before us * and that all classes may attain to a just share of the unwonted blessings that we enjoy . The nation must take care that the Government continues the supreme direction ofafiairs in a manner calculated to promote the interests of the entire community . The individual who has substantial interests at stake , must furnish himself with the proper information to guide the enterprise in the best manner according to his capacities , his resources , and his opportunities . And the working classes especially are bound to acquire that exact information , which will enable them , without making exaggerated claims , to insist upon their
just claims . At other and adverse seasons mistakes may entail calamity , and so they may even now . But most assuredly , any practical mistakes may entail the loss of profit which might otherwise be secured . We proceed to make pood the sweeping assertion which we have axjded to the emphatic averment of the Times . The first and most ordinary evidence of public prosperity is taken to be the state of the revenue . Now , the condition of our revenue has been seriously affected by the large remissions of duties . The Sugar-duties , for example , which yield so important an item , have been undergoing a progressive reduction . The Window-tax has been commuted into the much less onerous House-tax . In the past year
ihe high price of barley has checked the consumption , and the consequence is a decrease in the Excise . All theso are circumstances which might reconcile us , if we found a decrease in the revenue ; but the fact is , that there is an increase on the whole year of 978 , 926 / ., and an increase on the revenue for tho closing three months only , of 702 , 776 / . 4 . . _ . If we pass to the City , wo there find tho samo signs of high tide and healthful atmosphere . Console , that universal standard , have long boon at tmr : and if the rumoured rising of tho Jiank
rate of interest has been followed by a slight decline in tho prices , they arc still done at par . Tho raising of tho interest is ascribed to tho necessity of chocking a drain of bullion to Paris , suggested by those who , taking a merely routine view of such matters , re / rard a current of bullion out of tho country as a thing in itself absolutely mischievous . They forgot thnt a current is sotting with still greater strength in the opposite directionand that in tho course of trade the
, OTMifc BUDplioe which come to us through New great supplies winch come to us through JNew York from California , and still more directly from Australia , will ultimately be spread throughout the commercial world—England deriving riches for hor commercial fertility in the fltream as it pwwes through her . Iho possibility of conflict with jaor * than , on © foreign
Government , especiall y that of JPrancej mat have bfedn amongst the shadows that alarm the sensitive creatures in the City . But these little fluctuations do not affect the plethoric state of wealth , which in July last became almost aii embarrassment to the Bank . The bullion then stdod at tnb unprecedented amount oi more than 22 , O 0 djdOOJ . —5 , ( X ) 6 , OQO £ . above any previous point ; and if the amount has now been reduced to a iriore reasonable level , we find thai within the present week one steamer has brought 890 , 0001 . Turn we to trade * and we find the saine
progressive increase . The exports for the first eleven months of the year were , in i 850 , Qb , 4 $ b $ 2 l 5 l . ; in 1851 , 63 , 314 , 2722 . j and in . 1852 , 65 , 349 , 7982 .: an increase in two years of 5 , 000 , 090 / . And that is a progressive increase : in the single month ending on the 5 th December , the exports had increased from 5 , 362 , 3192 . in 1850 , to 6 ^ 102 , 6942 . in 1852 . Such has been the ascertained increase in the surplus of produce carried abroad ; while it is notorious that the home consumption would show yet larger results if we could collect them * and present them in the
same compact form . Our shipping trade corroborates the general view . The snips entered dutwards have inereasedj in number , from 27 , 445 in 1850 , to 29 , 871 in 1852 ; and in tonnage , from 5 , 531 , 715 , to 6 , 367 , 519 . Inwards , the number of ships has fallen from 29 , 206 to 27 * 722 ; but in tonnage , there has been an increase from 5 , 645 , 850 to 6 , 170 , 539 . The British shipping is about twothirds of the whole . The ships entered inwards show a slight decrease in 1852 as compared with 1851 ; partly through alterations in the method
of building , which economize space ; but we suspect also partly through the disproportionate actmty of outward traffic in the latter half of 1852 , an activity which will be amply compensated in the sequel . It is well known that our dockyards were never so busy with construction as they are at the present moment , especially in vessels of the largest class , not only for the contemplated increase of our war navy , but for an increase to provide ) for the incessantly expanding traffic with our distant dependencies . cha
That traffic , indeed , is taking quite a new - racter . The increase of passengers is coming upon shipowners , not bo suddenly , but with a surprise not unlike that which visited railway speculators , when they found the passengers of so much more importance than the goods . Hitherto , vessels have been built for goods alone , the passengers a mere adjunct : no ^ vessels are building with a rievr chiefly to passengers , at the same time that the transport of goods is largely increasing . The whole traffic continues to expand , and a new traffic is in process of creation . Work here for Bhip-builders , and sailors , and for all who purvey for ship-builders and sailors I
Our own productive trades continue to expand as they have done for the last six months , and yet they seem solid to the very heart . Ad 1862 wore away , the report of a deficient cotton-crop in America created some fear of a check to the activity , by an unprecedented price for the raw material . It proves , however , that the dealers had only been using a little sharp practice—that the cotton-crop has extended to enormous proportions , as if in anticipation of our wants . All is right in that quarter therefore . Manchester is a little quiet for the moment , after its
excitement , but has on hand orders in abundance , from every quarter of tho globe . The iron trade , both for mining and making , is embarrassed only by its over activity : it cannot got its work dond fast enough for the demand . The coal trade shares th f * . prosperity Of iron . Nottingham has become quite a flourishing community . The story continues the same in Leeds and Belfast , and in all the centres of manufacturing commerce . America , North and South , Australia , China , appear as increasing consumers with our old customers ;
Will all this continue P So far afl human foresight can calculate , it will . Speaking generally , our customers are in the best Condition . Prosperous as we ore , wo shall need more-tea from China , arid China will augment her demands on Manchester . Australia is increasing both inl population and in wealth , at a rate nevojr boforo related in tho history of tho world ; and Australia is becoming , one of our best cudtoriiots in our markets . America is in a stato of jirosperity exactly parallel to our own * Afte * tho banking
cradh of 139 ?; the people of the Union Bet to work witn thejtf acbtistdmed energy . One fact illustrates the decisive character of their conduct , t jtttJbTtdfcioiis of French silks , and luxurious articles of commerce fell off ; importations of iron increased . * Aiiother fact : the farmers of Michigan neglected their own farms to speculate , and flour rose to the inordinate height of thirtv-se veil dollars a barrel : the crash came ; multitudes were ruined ; but the farmers set to work on iheir own lands , and in that very year of crash , when necessaries of life were the most
marketable things , flour fell to four dollars a barrel in Detroit t the vigorous supply keeping ahead of the demand . The repudiating States have redeemed their bonds , and the national exchequer has 17 , 000 , 000 of dollars surplus . The most enormous cotton-crop yet produced has been sent to this country ; produce is increasing in every branch ; the corn crops enjoy a brilliant prospect ; and America , well stored with material wealth , not forgetting the gold in California , is likely to appear in our markets during the present year as a more jolly customer than
ever . We need scarcely say much about Australia . Down to the very latest point , experience has shown that the product of gold increases exactly in proportion to the hands at work upon it . Emigration still goes on . Since 1845 , the numbers who have emigrated from the United Kingdom ^ under official supervision , progressively increased from 93 , 501 to 335 , 266 ; in 1851 , and for the year 1852 , the numbers were all but 350 * 000 . A new direction , however , is given to the stream . The numbers that went out to
Australia last year , under official control , were 82 , 000 j but even that gives no sufficient idea of the number sent : the increase having taken place chiefly in the latter half of the year . There is little doubt that the improved prospects of the working classes in this country may tend to check the emigration ; but the 300 , 000 and more who have gone westwards , form a large margin to fall back upon ; and there is no probability that any material check will be given to the supply of hands for Australia . Every pair of hands that goes out
is worth far more than its weight in gold , lhe comparatively small number of diggers have put 10 , C 00 , 000 Z . of gold on the way to the field of commerce through England ; and to anticipate a supply of 25 , 000 , 0002 . for the present year is a modest calculation . The English pauper has become a purveyor of gold , and the English workman , whom he has left behind , has become the purveyor of the necessaries of life for that golden customer . The one cloud that hangs over us , is the long rain-cloud of the autumn and early winter . Great part of our home-crop is doomed , and Butwho is afraid P With
bread is rising . , more wealth in our warehouses , banks , and pockets , than we ever had before , wo can bring corn , as we are already doing by anticipation , from the granaries of the world ; and even the agriculturists whose corn prospects are disappointed , will find ample profit in supplying with other crops than corn , the wants of the richest country in the world ' s history . Such is the opening prospect for tho present year ; a prospect which merits , under the Divine blessing , but intelligence , energy , good government , and a good understanding amongst tho 5 eop le , to secure for us blessings unprecedented , 'he people will do well to understand what they may nave , and to see that they do get it .
Church And State: The Oxford University ...
CHURCH AND STATE : THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY ELECTION . When tho future Historian shall write tho history of the Aberdeen Administration , ho will givo a prominent place to tho Oxford University election Ho will narrate how , at tho moment of its birth , the Cabinet of Lord Aberdeen wan characterized as an unprincipled coalition , as the moat unholy of all alliances , as a base conspiracy , ad t political immo
a Popish plot ; as a " flagran - rality" Xet in describing the men of whom it was composed , ho will Y > o compelled to stylo thorn the most distinguished 6 f whom thd British Parliament could boast ; and when ho looks around to note who were Omitted , ho will not find oho tried statesman , Unless it bo here and there a great lawyer . When lib comes to the re-oleotiohfl of" the representative Ministers , ho will tell how one after tho other tho popular , tiiti middle claftfl , arid the agricultural consti-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 15, 1853, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_15011853/page/11/
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