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    FISHING FOR THE IRISH SEAS. Limited liab...

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    MUltATISM IN NAPLES. (From a Corresponde...

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    ;.;. The Suez Canaii. Ttfijtohjr A Stron...

    the public debatetoat has taken place on this subject , Be affects to be surprised at the opposition which is threatened and has _ already been displayed in England . Not does he meet the most obvious objections with other than plausible generalities . 3 ? or example , the land on both sides of the canal is to , remain Egyptian territory ; the fortifications are to be Egyptian ; the Egyptian viceroy , upon the expiration of a term of ninety-nine years ( the Turks are not sick men in their own estimation ) , is to take full

    nnsflfissinn of the " Canal of the two Seas . " possession of the " Canal oi the two beas . But Ch-eat Britain and Prance have watched with historical jealousy the politics of Egypt . The first movement of each , in the event of a rupture , would be to forestal the other in taking possession of that country . The reason for this is , says M . de Lesseps , that Egypt is the direct route from Europe to India . Were England , upon any crisis

    that might arise , to take up a position there , the French alliance could not survive that act . But if , b y means of the Suez Canal , the geographical conditions of the world were changed ; if commerce passed by a new route eastwards , the source of traditional rancours would be dried up , Egypt would become insignificant , and no longer exist as an object of European contention .

    Such reasoning is worth very little . The Suez Canal , instead of diminishing the importance of Egypt , would considerably increase it . The channel , nominally governed by an Egyptian viceroy , would in reality be controlled by the power which enjoyed for the time the supreme influence in Cairo . Besides , our faith in Turkish " integrity "

    ought not to expand over the limits of a hundred years . It might well , within a fourth of that period , become a question whether the possession of the isthmus should not accrue to the nation which has most interest in the trade of the regions beyond ; or whether , with the canal possessed by rivals , if not by enemies , a vast naval station at Aden would not be essential to the

    security of India . We have no belief in geographical monopoly . The East is not our exclusive domain . The Americans have found one way into it , the Russians will find another . But the public opinion of this country will not incautiously sanction a project by which , in sprite of nominal guarantees , an Oriental highway would be thrown open , and placed under the influence of that power which , during fifty years , has resorted to a jealous , if not a hostile policy in Egypt .

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    Fishing For The Irish Seas. Limited Liab...

    FISHING FOR THE IRISH SEAS . Limited liability promises to give the most available opportunity for carrying out a very desirable enterprise . It is proposed to establish a company for the purpose of improving the deep sea and bank fishing on the west and south coasts of Ireland . AH the elements for the success of this company are pre-existent : tho one thing wanted is nothing more nor less than the enterprise itself . There has been a demand for such an

    undertaking almost since tho western coast of Ireland , or any const of Ireland , has been known . In the reign of Elizabeth the value of the Irish seas was recognised , after the semi-barbarous commercial fashion of that period , by the prohibition upon tho fishing ' of foreign vessels without a licence . But ^ although the fishory was sufficiently valdable ! for a royal prohibition , it has remained unimproved ; tho people who depend upon it can scarcely find a subsistence , and it has continued down to tho present year the opjtobbrium of British civilisation . Jn raw last year of the seventeenth century tho

    it quite obvious that neither Queen Elizabeth nor the modern Republic have known the full value of the fishery . Even the Dutch , countrymen of fish , amongst whom , says Anbbew MAEvi ! LL , the fish oi ' ttimes sit , " not as a meat , but as a guest , " do but half know the abundance of the Irish sea . They are almost as ignorant on that point as the Irish It is true that the herring changes his lodging with different seasons , just as a higher animal , the ] British member of Parliament , spends his summer at Brighton or at Hastings , or

    Americans sought p ermission to . establish a fishery on the Irish coast—permission refused . The Dutch visit our coast , pursuing their prey even up to those grounds where the Irish witness their industry but cannot share it . It was no fancy of an Elizabethan imagination which pointed out the sea as valuable . The wealth that may be drawn from it was known to the Americans at the beginning of the century , and is known to the Dutch in our day ; but recent observations have made

    even goes off occasionally to Paris ; but in some parts of the seas the fish are always to be found , and in the deep seas they are caught earliest and in the best condition . There is employment for the fisher during seven or eight months of the year . Cod and ling can be caught during tea months ; turbot , a floating half-sovereign , haddock , soles , and other fish of value fill up the intervals , to say nothing of a various tribe which would thrust

    themselves before the fishermen—the basking-shark for his oil , and the lobster , at present frequently wasted for want of the means of carriage . Moreover , practical experiments in France , conducted by Paxes ' , the eminent chemist , and Pommiee , the celebrated agriculturist , have shown that fish which cannot readily be brought to market , such as the incurable plaice , or the refuse of fish after curing , can be converted into very valuable

    guano . The seas , then , off those distant shores swarm with creatures that are the natural food of men and materials for enriching an island which is bountiful in climate but thin in soil . The herring in its salted form is familiar to the poorest classes of this country . In Ireland , they hare scarcely known it ; and even in Great Britain it is used sparingly where it mig ht be used abundantly . The recent turn in medical chemistry has rendered it highly probable that the mixture of

    fish with other diet would be very beneficial , and particularly to a population which is at all inclined to be sedentary . To speak scientifically , it may bo said that a fish diet involves the use of iodine , not as a medicament approximating to poison , but as a legitimate element of natural food , conducing , however , to the activity of fcliose functions Which are stimulated by tho drug . That fish is nutritive , everybody lcnows ; that it promotes health , becomes manifest from the most recent observations .

    On the western coast of Ireland tho fish and the fishermen actually look at each other , but cannot be united in a meal ; and the indolence of the Coimemara or Oladdagh fishermen haa become a by-word . There are , hoyv-© ver , many reasons why the poor fishermen of the western coast have been unable to bettor their condition . We have already noticed the caprices with which tho fish approach tho shore or leave it . They are to be found in the deeper waters ; but the boat which is suited to shore fishing is not suited to deep fishing . Moreover , the expense is greater , and the poor fisherman is obliged to bo content with one kind of apparatus . It is as much as ho can do to stand the wear and tear of a rough const , although the dangers have been greatly exaggerated ; as much aa ho enn

    do to keep nets and boats in repair , and even then , perhaps , he has a limited apparatus . He may not be able to fit out or man a boat for ; long fishing , though he knows that a crew of four could divide a cargo worth 252 . or 30 / . when the fish is cured . If the fish fail for a time , he is out of work ; or should & storm come on , he has not the means of repairing his gear . i : One proof that the fishermen are unforta- nate rather than idle is proved by the fact that they collect seaweed , which is purchased by the farmers , and neglect the more profit- ' able collection of fish because they cannot al-. ways command the market . They are thus at the mercy of middle-men , who are them * selves poor , but do supply some kind of medium for bringing the fish to the marketr where they are to be consumed . In short , the fishery , to be profitably conducted , ought not to be carried on in detail , ! but should be undertaken by a body which can occupy an extensive area , and provide the means for pursuing each kind of fishing suitable for particular seasons ; which can secure to the fishermen continuity of income , and can include the means of carriage as well as the means of collection . Such is the object of the London and "West of Ireland Fishing Company . * They propose to employ vessels of from seventyfire to eighty tons , some of which will be fitted with wells for keeping fish , lobsters , and bait alive ; also a smaller class of vessel , of from twenty-five to thirty tons , for the drift-net fishing . Some of these would also have wells , and work the in-shore turbot banks with the canoes in the season , and might also trawl and work long lines , as circumstances direct ; also a . class of row-boats , from thirty to thirty-five feet long , for the bay herring and mackerel fishing , or from the islands in light weather ; also for working seine nets , which may be used to great advantage on the . westcoast ,-but now are unknown there ; a fore-andaft schooner well-boat , with an auxiliary screw , for transporting fish and lobsters from the fishing banks or outlying stations ; a curing station , with smokihghouse , and oil-works , with appliances for converting " the refuse into manure , and ice-houses for packing fish in ice in warm weather . The company will do for the fishermen , what the fishermen have been unable to de * for themselves . The supply of the means of continuity in the occupation will extend th < 3 field ; no kind of prey can escape , and every town is tolerably sure to be occupied . The market exists throughout the country ; bub the company has secured connexions in Dublin , Birmingham , London , and other great markets . The data upon which it is proceeding , are for the most part well known . The facts have been collected by Commander ? Symonjds , of the Royal Navy , who has been professionally stationed on the coast , and has become familiar with its characteristics . Nothing , therefore , can be clearer than that the enterprise is a commercial enterprise , quite certain , we believe , to pay as a matter of trade , and incidentally performing one of the noblest functions of commerce in improving the condition of all those who are concerned in it , from the poor resident fishermen to whom it will bring competence and comfort , to every iish-consumer of the country , to whom it will bring increased abundance .

    Fishing For The Irish Seas. Limited Liab...

    " (^ e - rvaTion ^^ TthT Fiaherics . of ^ rXy to Z Of Ireland , hy ^ ra ^^^ J ^^^^ mander , * R . N . Chapman and Hall .

    Multatism In Naples. (From A Corresponde...

    MUltATISM IN NAPLES . ( From a Correspondent . ' ) Mubatism trying its fortunes onco more in Naples is now much spoken of , and will probably be followed by Bonapnrtism in other parts of Italy . J * wo had to consider tho hypothesis from a general point of view , the question would be regarded na one'Of European importance . This month , Vrmca Lucien Bonaparte will , by order of Louis JSTnpoloon . be raised to the dignity ot o ^ xh Afc the sa . no time a mysterious pamphletJ «« _ »> ocn

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 15, 1855, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_15091855/page/13/