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Leader (1850-1860), 23rd August 1851, Edition Country of 2, Page 21, favourable, and at a period of the year ...

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  • Departments (2)
    • ^rmraiiflftma af ijit %tm\t, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL.
    • CDUiramial ffiofoi.
  • Text (9)
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      The Central European Democratic Committe...

      To win your independence . To constitute your unity . In 1848 , did you not accomplish the most difficult of your tasks ? Do you not already know how an enemy is driven out ? Have you not already been masters from the Alps to the Sea ? Why should you not be so once more ? If you should need them , there are brothers who The hands which have

      will come to your aid . been clasped in London are the pledge of an alliance between the Peoples - , and the coming year , which threatens ancient tyrannies , is pregnant for us with hopes and with propitious events . Be prepared , then , and be confident . But independence once gained can only be durable on one condition—to make of Italy one body politic , from Palermo to the frontiers of France .

      No Federalism ;—Homogenity , Cohesion—complete absolute political unity . It was Royal Federalism which destroyed you in 1848 . Condemned for ever at Milan and Novara , it can never return . But beware also of Republican Federalism—that would ruin you through anarchy , as the other through the negation of the sovereignty of the people . As long as there remains erect m Italy one king , one duke , one oppressor of men , no independence is possible . A monarchy beside you is the leaven of discord . * As long as a single element of separatism subsists , it will tend by its very nature to withdraw itself from the national tho ught , to break up the country , to weaken it , to introduce within it jealous rivalries and foreign influence .

      This second * step towards a brotherly mingling , towards a life , at once single and collective , is not more difficult for you to take than the first towards your independence . It is in vain that the enemies of your greatness say to the contrary . She wills to be , she can be one and indivisible ; that nation which , parcelled out into little countries , each retained in century-lo : ng hatreds by wicked calculation and design , ha ^ l but one remembrance in the midst of the uproar and suffering of 1848—that of the great and immortal country of Past Times ; but one cry everywhere repeated , everywhere the same , * ' Viva Tltalia ! " Constitute yourselves , then , in . Unity !

      And as you have had but one cry , have but one banner , that of your fathers—that which men beloved by you all have displayed from afar before you for twenty years ; that Republican banner which they raised at the beginning of the struggle , which they planted victoriously on the summit of your monuments , and which they have carried away with them into exile , to be raised again on the approaching morrow .

      When the hour shall have arrived , beware of confounding two things essentially distinct , combat and victory ; Italy accomplishing her freedom , and Italy already free . Who knows better than you , Italians , that a combat with the foreigner can only be sustained by silencing venal tongues , the enemies' tongues that would spread trouble and disorder in your ranks ; that an inaurrection attempted in the midst of foreign enemies cannot succeed otherwise than by a strong united action .

      During the war , therefore , it is necessary that one solfe authority , invested with exceptional powers , quick as the lightning , powerful as a people in action , should be called by the country to direct the struggle until the moment when the People , emancipated and master of the soil , can speak out freel y . Fear nothing for your liberty from this transitory concentration of power . Have you not lor a guarantee that device , of which your National Committee is the vigilant guardian , and \ vhich is the expression at once of your faith and of your undeniable sovereignty— " God and the People . " Wha

      t do these symbolic words signify ? What else save " No more tyrants of souls and bodies , of the priesthood or of the laity . No mediatora between the creature and tho Creator—communion of the same people in the exercise of its sovereign ritfht W w Ollt undcr tho eyo of God - " What do these words signify if not a living equality , or a Republic of the People by the 'People a "d for the People ? , Unhapny ho who shall understand them . other-W 1 " « I He would not bo worthy to combat cither (> r the Italian cause or for tho holy cuuho of "Umaruty . * or tho Central European - Democratic Comuuueo , Lkdhu IIoliun . A . Ruok . A-: Dahkbz . D . Bjiatiano . J . Masszini . toadon , August , 1801 .

      Aua. 23, 1851.] ®&« Tuflfrgt. _ ^ 809

      Aua 23 , 1851 . ] ®&« tUflfrgt . _ 809

      ^Rmraiiflftma Af Ijit %Tm\T, Political And Social.

      dDrgiraiiiiftma af tyt pnyk , POLITICAL AND SOCIAL .

      National Chabteb Association.—At The Mee...

      National Chabteb Association . —At the meeting of the executive on Wednesday an error in the minutes was corrected . Mr . Cooper was represented as having said that " great prejudice existed against Chartism at Greenwich , " whereas he said that " great prejudioe exited among those who were ignorant of its principles . " Mr . Ernest Jones has sent a report of his progress , which was read . He has been lecturing at Bristol , Merthyr , Llanidloes , and Newtown ; he has met excellent audiences ; and altogether he has enrolled 342 members during his tour . He points out the West and Wales as fertile in Democratic

      sentiments , and worthy of the attention of the executive . The meeting then resolved iteelf into a metropolitan delegate meeting , and reports similar to those given last week were made from Bonner sfields and Bermondsey . It was agreed that an aggregate meeting of Chartists should be held monthly in the John-street Coffee-room , on Sunday afternoons , at three o ' clock ; the first to commence on the 7 th of September . On the motion of Mr . Arnott , it was resolved to establish a tract fund , and the machinery to work it .- ; and subsequently to print 0000 copies of the tract called Chartism . ! 1

      Hints Towards Rendering Local Agitation ...

      HINTS TOWARDS RENDERING LOCAL AGITATION EFFECTIVE . •' . Conventions and Executives have been too much depended on to give life and vigour to the Chartist cause . A political body , like a human body , loses power and soon decays , unless kept in active motion . This activity must exist in the heart , that a well distributed and healthful circulation be insured , or the head becomes useless . The Convention , or the Executive , is the head ; the People is the heart .

      The People , and they alone , are to blame for the want of an effective agitation . The People ' s business is to organize themselves . No one can do it for them . We have a purpose—enfranchisement and social amelioration . We have numbers—6 , 000 , 000 of unenfranchised Englishmen . We have enthusiasm—for we still hope and work after twelve years of failure and disappointment . The experience of the past , the facts of the present teach , it is not revolution , but the formation of public opinion at which we should aim . That leads to the only revolution that is justifiable . The formation of public opinion is . possible under certain

      condition . To issue placards and addresses which the public will not read , is useless . The public must be assailed individually , spoken to , reasoned with , and induced to read tracts and democratic papers by persuading its individual members . To upbraid the public for its apathy and ignorance is useless . The public will not read our upbraidings , it cares nothing for our eloquence , for it will not come to listen . The public , to be effectually got at , must be assailed at home . The individual may thus be indoctrinated with sound political principles , and stimulated to the performance of duty . Other valuable results would also follow . Organization , that centralizes all action , that leaves |

      the individual unoccupied , is not only useless , but injurious . Organization should not supersede individual effort , but methodize it . The conditions under which these hints can be practically carried out , are the existence in different localities of a few men who are unmistakeably in earnest , and who know at what they aim , who would set the practicable example of methodized enthusiasm , and be the centres , of organizations which , gradually radiating , might soon include a whole people . The members of the Hoxton locality , which has existed but three weeks , and now ~' numbers thirty working and paying members , are attempting to carry out the spirit of the above suggestions in the following manner : — 1 . All members are divided into sections of not less thun three nor more than five . Each section appoints one of its number as spokesman , who gives on every Thursday night to the general meeting an account of the activity of himself and fellows . Tho spokesman of each section also collects the weekly subscription of his section , and p : iy /> it to tho secretary , weekly . ' 2 . Each section meets once a week at the residence of one of its mombers , before tho general weekly meeting , to tuke into connideration the general welfare of tlui cause , to prepare resolutions , to give each other information , or to arrange any i > lau of action for that particular section . Also , to arrange- their report for tho general weekly meeting , and to pay subscriptions to spokesman .

      • 3 . Every member of a section holdtt himBcltlmuml to aid another member in developing or carrying out pliujft of propagandism . Should petitions be desired , eu ' eh section will be intrusted with tho duty of eollecting signatures and authenticating ; them , in a particular district of the locality appointed to them by the Committee . ' When exporienco has confirmed our convictions of tho usefulness of the abovo organization , or » hould

      we modify it , information shall be forwarded for your consideration . For the general meeting of members of the Hoxton Locality , E . F . Nichom . 8 . ^

      Favourable, And At A Period Of The Year ...

      favourable , and at a period of the year which experience has already shown to be extremely fatal to the young . The deaths of last week were more than in any of the corresponding weeks of the years 1841—50 , with the exception of that of 1847 , when they were 1108 , and that of 1849 , when cholera raised the total deaths to 2230 . The births of 774 boys and . 726 girls—in all 1500 childrenwere registered in the week . The average number in six corresponding weeks of 184 S—50 was 1308 . ,

      . - a HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General ' s Report . ) The return for the week ending last Saturday indicates a further and considerable increase in the mortality . In the third week of July the deaths in London were only 873 ; in the three following they were 956 , 1010 , and 1038 , and last week they rose to 1061 . The last number must be considered to represent a high mortality even for Londonwhere the conditions of health are not the most

      ! Natube's Abistocbact.—It Is From Withi...

      Natube ' s Abistocbact . —It is from within now that we must look for change ; for when education , based upon correct knowledge of our constitution , shall have raised the man , there will be found no impediment to the advance of the whole race to all that is necessary for the enjoyment of the highest pleasures of which his nature is susceptible . In proportion as the higher feelings of our nature gain strength and predominate , and the law of universal brotherhood is written on the heart , and not merely upon the tongue—in proportion , in fact , as real Christianity prevails—the petty distinctions of a savage age which form the present scale of society , will disappear , and we shall no longer seek to be distinguished by mere wealth and external advantages gained at the expense of the excessive labour of other 3 , but for the supremacy in us of all that distinguishes us from the brutes ; for all that saves toil , instead of increasing it , and that affords time to every man for the development of high moral and intellectual power . Distinction will be based upon worth alone , and we shall bow to an aristocracy of nature , of which the present is but the symbol . If God gives us superior abilities , we shall not glorify ourselves , but Him , and hold them in trust for the good of mankind ; and wherever superior worth and talent is recognized , there will be acknowledged the future noble—his badges not stars and garter * , but the unmistakeable expression of nobility which habitual obedience to that which is true and good and beautiful invariably bestows . —Education of the Feelings , by Charles Bray ,

      Cduiramial Ffiofoi.

      CDUiramial ffiofoi .

      Money Market And City Intelligence. Flud...

      MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE . FlUDAY . Consols declined an eighth on Monday—from 96 | £ to 9 o ' to J . This rate was maintainedfor two days , when , on Wednesday an extra demand , for stock sent them up to 9 GJ 8 , at which price they remained on Thursday . This morning the opening price was 964 3-Fluctuations have been , Consols from 96 J to 96 J ; Bank Stock , 215 to 216 ; Exchequer Bills , 44 b . to 48 s . premium . Foreign Stocks have not been more than usually active . Yesterday , the official list of tho prices comprised : — Mexican , for the account , 28 j and A ; Portuguese- Five per Cents . Converted , 32 J ; the Four per Cents ., 324 ; 11 un si an Four-and-a-Half per Cents ., 101 j ; Spanish Five per Cents , 21 and 21 i ; Spanish Three per Cents ., 38 ; Austrian Five per Cento ., 81 J ; and Dutch Two-and-a-Ilalf p « i Cents ., 09 J .

      Bank Of England. An Account, Pursuant To...

      BANK OF ENGLAND . An Account , pursuant to tho Act 7 th and Kth Victoria , can . 32 , lor tho week eliding on B < iturday . the 16 th of August , 18 ol , las UK UKl'ARTMKNT . x £ Notes issued .... tf 7 , «<> 8 , lK 0 Government Debt , ll , () l ;> 100 Otlu ; rH *? curitica .. 2 , lM 4 , » 0 tf Gold Coin ami Hullion 13 , 234 , 8 <> r > Silver liullion 33 , 370 Jfa 7 , a « 8 . l 80 X ' i ) 7 > 8 , 180 IIANK . INU UKI ' MITMUNT . X X I ' ropri « torH'C ; a |) itid , l 4 ,. > f » 3 , ()( l () Govern ment 8 e « u-Kost 3 aai ) , aUl iiLifl » ( including Public DtH > onitH ( Mi- o ,,, nl- \ v ( ii « ht Aneludiiitf Kxclic- unity ) IZJttl . OJl ininr , Savings' OMiei Hee . uiitieH ,. ll . HOO . MJ ItuiikN . Hoiniii ' iH- Moti ; n « , aaa . 4 H 9 nloiierti of National Gold and ( Silver Debt ., and IHvi- Coin CtMfi'J ' J dend Account , *) .. 4 , 7 . > H ( 45 R ' Other l ) tii >< MHtn ..., i > , 00 ' . J , lfrl (• vcn-duyainlotlicr llilln 1 , 'JT O . MM i . \ W . MI 3 " ^ 4 » I X -3-J . H 13 . iMH Duteil Augiwl 7 . IJtfil . M MAitfiliAl . l ., Chlot 1 , u »» i 1 ct . AVKKAUK i'KlOK OV tMJGAll . Thonvura « r « ^ ricu of Drown or Muscovado Bngnr ,, computftd from tho rotiirnw miulo in tho week ending tho lVMi u * y of August , 18 & 1 , iu J )&« . tfjd . pur crtt

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 23, 1851, page 21, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_23081851/page/21/