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390 f;fe'E^^ g Al)^;jL, y ^^^v^^. -
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THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN MAZZINI AND LOUI...
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THE GREAT HEBREW OATH CASE. Judgment in ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Continental Notes. Marshal G Erard Is De...
that the " great Eothsphild" has been sentenced to bebeheaded ! But from his intimate relations -with the Eu ^ rop ' ean monarchs he has been allowed to procure a substitute ( if he can ) by lottery ! For this purpose a sum of many millions is devoted , all the tickets to be ' prizes of 3 , 000 thalers each , except one ; ; that fatal number is a blank , and whoever draws it is to be decapitated instead of the celebrated banker ! # . . Count , de : Buol-Schauenstein , Appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and of the Imperial House , as successor
to Prince Schwarzenberg , by letters patent , dated April 21 , is to be President of the " Conferences of Ministers , " instead of M . de Bach . The word " Conferences" is used , as the Ministers are no longer to meet as a deliberative council , resolving questions by the majority of votes , but simply as a body of high functionaries to discuss questions of which the formal decision is to be left to the Emperor . The Grand-Duke Constantine , and the Grand-Duchess , his wife , have given at "Venice a sumptuous banquet to the Count and Countess de Chambord and the Duchess de
Berry . ; , . Great umbrage has been given to Louis Bonaparte by the recent rpyal reception of the Count de Chambord , who figures ^ we are told , in the Imperial Russian Almanack , as the JOngV' the Russian Princes gave the Count de Chambord a magnificent Album with an inscription to " the King of France . " Count Eechberg is expected to succeed Count Buol-Schauenstein as ambassador to London . Accounts from . Naples , dated the 14 th instant , state that during the last few days the politically accused ,
amounting to 28 , had been removed from the prisons of Naples to the penal islands . Each had undergone examination , but the Court had agreed that they should not be brought to trial , probably for want of material . By such means the criminal courts are saved trouble and exposure of their injustice , while the great aim—viz ., the banishment of leading men of the constitutional party—is just as effectually secured as by the most formal process . One of these victims , M . Pizzutti , is the brother-in-law of Baron Mazziotti , now an exile in Genoa .
But it will be pleasant to our readers to know that her Majesty ' Government are on the best terms with King Bomba . On the 9 th instant , his Excellency the Hon . Sir William Temple went to the Royal- Palace at Caserta to pay the compliments of the season to his Sicilian Majesty . The King is described as looking . careworn and anxious . Poor amiable man ! The accounts from Montefusco , where Poerio and his companions are confined ^ are still -very sad : A ~ special " order has arrived , from the general of the district , at Montefusco , which says , " These prisoners are to be treated with _ the full prison severity , especially Poerio and Nisco , who arc not worthy to live . They are to Jiave no medical treatment . "
Such is the treatment of the constitutional prisoners of Naples by the man to whom our ambassador goes to " tho compliments of the season . " A Genoa letter of April 16 states , that the municipality intend to convert the Darsena into a commercial dock , in imitation of the Katherine Docks of London . The expense is ostimated at 720 . O 00 J . sterling .
From tho Daily Ncios . ( BY E 1 ECXEI 0 TEIiEGBAPn . ) PARIS , TnXTKSDAX . A note communicated to tho Moniteur says : " Many imagine the empire is to be proclaimed at a fete . Such are strangely mistaken in attributing to the Government tho desire of a pretext to change the established order of thjngs . Such a change , if rendered necessary , could only bo accomplished on the initiative of tho constituted powers with tho assent of the wholo pcoplo . Tho sixty thousand soldiers to bo assomblcd in tho Champ do Mars , on May 10 , would vainly salute tho President as Emperor , tho empire would not bo broug ht ono hour nearer . " By decrco tho prcccdonco of tho great bodies is thus lixod : Scnato , Legislative , Council of state .
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390 f ; fe ' E ^^ g Al )^; jL , y ^^^ v ^^ .
The Controversy Between Mazzini And Loui...
THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN MAZZINI AND LOUIS BLANC . ( From tho Jteasoner . ) When two men like Louis Blanc and Mazzhri enter tho lists of controversy , they exercise an influence beyond that which pertains to the intrinsic accuracy of their views . Thoir manner of controversy becomes an example to others for good or evil . Lessor disputants will become iinitutorn of their tone . Temper nnd tone aro the tuctica of modern social warfare . Wo have seen Franco lose its foromost placo among tho nations because its leaders talked like assailants , and wrote like duellists . Wo have had much—too much of this among us . Let m take caro that it bo not augmented by importation . Mazzini is essentially great , both as a man of thought , and a man of action . A mystic so profound , that ho distances transcendentalism in some of . his speculations ;• yot ho can throw aside tho airy wand of Prosporo at will , grasp tho sword with tiro practical circumspection of the xoldior , and traverse tho fields of tlm possible with tho calculating astuteness of the Utilitarian . Acknowledging all this , wo must yot say that his brief reply to tho French Socialists in tho Leader was painful to road . Chioily tho hist words * tho personal [ attack I pass by ] with contempt . ' Contempt is not the fooling which tho impassioned errors if errors they l > e—of his critics should oxcito , Tho feeling—wo pay it deferentially—sooms to us wrong , and tho example bud ., If groat mou liuvo but '
contempt * for tie criticisms or attacks of each other , lesser disputants , only able to / imitate greatness in such a respect , will have its disastrous ' contempts' also . Worse than this , the public , who have to be instructed , inspired , and elevated , exclaim— ' If " contempt" is what one leader feels for another , we may be excused any serious attention to'the . matter they hold in dispute . * It is not- for us to say what the French leaders should have done . But the humbler privilege we may exercise of saying what we should wish had been done . Mr . Mazzini should have been expostulated with , not
denounced . His misconception should have been pointed out , and the defence would have had dignity and strength , and a lofty moderation which would have been an example to lesser disputants . If we de ~ nounce those who merely misconceive us , we deprive ourselves of the reproof of friends . Then the enemy is too subtle to discover to us our weakness , and our partizans are too intimidated to warn us * and we perish , of our independence and our pride . This is no doubt spirited , "but farewell to our philanthropy and our love of a great cause when this evil hour comes .
For similar reasons , when V . Schcelcher , Representative of the people , writes to the Times , as on April 10 , saying Mazzini ' see / cs to excite between kindred nations a fatal antagonism , and to insult French democracy / We pass away from such a writer in despair . If the motives of a man like Mazzini are not to be respected , there is an end of the honour of publicists , and progress is again condemned to the vicissitudes of accident . This Was the serious mistake made by the French leaders in their attack on Mazzini . The English people would have listened to their argument ^ —but turned in sadness away from their accusations . Louis Blanc , Pierre Leroux , Cabet , we have learned to regard , nor can we permit even themselves to dispel the attachment .
Those who read that emphatic passage ( in the Circular on the " Duties of Democracy , " furnished by Mazzini to the Leader ) , beginning "I do not accuse the great Social Idea which will be the glory and the mission of the epoch of which we are the precursors , " can scarcely fail to see that the writer is not the opponent of a wise Socialism , ^ or is he the enemy of France who puts upon the record that paragraph in the same Circular , ending with the words— ' It is necessary now that the whole of democratic Europe aid her to arise , as formerly she aided Europe . It is necessary that , instead of flattering France in her follies , it should speak to her in the frank and severe tvords which are the inheritance of the strong . '
This is nobly said . In this manful thought , which concludes this extract , lot us also find a justification for the few words of remonstrance which we employ . Those who may have seen tho Westminster Itevieto for April will have probably read an article entitled ? Europe : its Condition and Prospects , ' by a writer of whom tho Leader observes , ' his signatiire is in every sentence . ' Those who read tho article will ascribe it to Mazzini , if internal evidence may be trusted . In how wise , in how wide and practical a sense Mr . Mazzini is a Socialist tho reader will see when ho reads what
follows , which wo quote from tho Westminster .- —' The great social idea now prevailing in Europe may be thus defined : tho abolition of tho proletariat ; tho emancipation of producers from the tyranny of capital concentrated in a small number of hands ; re-division of productions , or of tho value arising from productions , in proportion . to the work performed ; tho moral and intellectual education of the operative ; voluntary association between workmen substituted gradually and peacefully ; as much as possible , for individual labour paid at the will of the capitalist . This sums up all tho reasonable aspirations of the present time . It is not a question of destroying , abolishing , or violently
transferring tcealth from one class to another ; it is n question of extonding tho circle of consumers , of consequently augmenting production , of giving a larger share to producers , of opening a wide road to tho operative for tho acquisition of wealth and property ; in short , of putting capital and the instruments of labour within reach of every man offering a guarantee of good will , capacity , awl morality . These ideas Aiti : jtjst , and they are destine A eventually to triumph ; historically , the time is ripe for their realization . ' To tho emancipation of tho slave has succccdofl that of the serf ; that of tho serf must ho followed by that of tho loorjemani In tho courso of human progress tho patriciato has undermined tho despotic privilege of wio inu lunmciiu huh
jmvaiEy . ; oourguoiniu , unwwHiracy , uiwonmhpd tljo privilege of birth , and now tho people , tho workers , vill undermine tho privilego of tho proprietary and moneyed bourgcoiHio , until society , founded upon labour , shall recognise no other privilego than that of virtuous intelligence , presiding , by tho choice of tho people , enlightened by education , over tho full development of its fticulties and its social capabilities /
. This statement is as accurate as it is comprehensive and could only : be prbdtiee & by one who has studied Socialism , and could only be sent forth by one who believes it . It ought not to be overlooked that the political < situation' in France has been forfeited to the enemy by controversial tactics which , have proved fatal . Not tp look this full in the face is' sheer niadhess—nofr to attack the , source of weakness is to give up the contest . The fijpst shock of criticism will be felt through Europe . Time , We believe , will show more wisdom in Mr . Mazzini's course than we can at present demonstrate . In some" eminent respects , we reiterate his strictures are unjust to Socialists ; still his friendl y and manful attitude towards Socialist views cannot be doubted . Right or wrong * the critical pen of so competent an observer must dp good service . ¦
Reviewing in another publication Gourard ' s work on Socialisme DevoilS , we said .: — f It seems worth while pointing out a curious Sact in the metaphysics of public credulity . Gourard represents the usual heroes of the Times , and is a great gun among the party of Fear in France . Granting all to be true alleged of the reckless mendacity of the Times , we see What their estimate is of public intelligence . They calculate that prevarication will succeed * They believe there is a demand
for it among the upper classes , and they supply if , Their success is no doubt very annoying to those traduced , but we think it ought to be borne with-patience In War , wounds are looked upon as a matter of course , and in civil conflicts lies seem to be the weapon ^ used by an unscrupulous enemy , and are to be expected accordingly ,-and borne with equanimity . ' A He has been well defined as the murder of intelligence ; and such an issue must be looked for and braved , like death on the battle-field , as the casualty of conflict . '
If we would listen to a libel without perturbation , and give battle to a lie with as little discomposure aa we would meet any other enemy , how much more dispassionately should we analyze the criticism of one , however severely he spoke * who spoke for our profit ? At home or in exile , at Jiberty or in prison , we should thank him for those ' frank and severe , words , which are alone the inheritance of the strong / :
The Great Hebrew Oath Case. Judgment In ...
THE GREAT HEBREW OATH CASE . Judgment in the case of Mr . Salomons , the Hebrew Member for Greenwich ( argued at tho Hilary Term ) , was given in the Court of Exchequer on Monday . Mk . Babon Mabtin , who pleaded that construction of the case which good sense and public opinion would adopt , ( tho three other Judges stood oil the technicalities of tho case , ) said—This is an action to recover penalties alleged to bo forfeited by the defendant under the statutes lst > George I ., scss . 2 , c . 13 , s . 17 , and 6 th George III ., c . 5 3 s . 1 , by reason of his having voted in tho House of Commons without having taken tho oath of abjuration contained in tho latter statute . The declaration stated that
tho defendant was duly returned to serve in Parliament as a burgess for tho borough of Greenwich , and that ho voted in the Houso of Commons without having taken and subscribod tho above oath , and theroby forfeited tho sum of 5001 . A special verdict was found , which , stated that the defendant was elected to serve in Parliament for Greonwich , and whilst ho was a member voted in tho Houso of Commons . That he was a British born subject of tho Jewish religion , and that the form and m anner ot taking an oath binding on tho conscience of a Jew in cases where tho words of tho oath ore to bo repeated by tho person taking tho oath is , that ho takes in his hand tho Old Tostamorit and repeats tho words of tho oath , and nt
tho conclusion say s * " 8 o help me God ! " and then kissea tho book ; and that this form of taking an ' oath was and is binding upon tho conscionco of tl » o defendant . ' That before ho voted ho camo to tho table of tho House m tho usual manner , and demanded to bo sworn to tho oaths required by law in tho manner and form abovoinontioncrt , upon tho Old Testament-alleging it to bo , as in . truth it was , tho form which wal binding upon his conscience That ho thon took tho oaths of nllegianco and supremacy in tho form and manner aforesaid upon the Old Testament ., and proceeded to repeat tho oath of abjuration contained in tho flfch Georgo III ., c . 6 ;) , substituting tho name ot d to tlio
Queen Victoria for that of King Georgo , own words " upon tho true faitli of a Christian , " which lie " ' libemtoly and intontionally rofuaed to repeat , and then added tho words "So help mo God , " and kissed tlio book . That tho Spoakor objected that ho had not taken tho oaths in the manner required by law , and roquc-sio him to withdraw , which ho did not do ,: and declared lime ho had takon tho oath in tho form binding upon lm conscionco , wliich tho spocial vordict finds to bo tho t 1 ' 1 "' 1 ; Tho verdict concludes by submitting to the Court vbotno ^ the defendant had lawfully takon tho . oath of ft ^ jurojion . With rospect to tins oath it is noticeable that at tho wm » nf the Vnnmh niofc an not wna nnsflcd containing tn . (
words—tho very words , of tho abj uration oath :-- ¦ |! those things I do plainly and Hincoroly acknowlo < lgo aw swear , according to thoso ox ]) rcBa words by mo apoKon , a according to tho plain and common sonao and undorfiti " ing of tho same wprdn , without any equivocation « r mion ovneion or nocrofc reservation whoteoevoi '; nn « 1 , ? , » ' i v Lhia rooognition and . toknowlodgmcnt heartily , w » iWM > and truly , upon tho true foith of a Christian : So hop " Gorl : " it is apparent that at tho tlmo whor » tins cont < sic phrase , "Upon tho true faith of a Chri stian , " wfts on » "J , an idoa provailod that Koman OftthoMce wore in ft «»« ° ltJ' t
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 24, 1852, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24041852/page/10/
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