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Leader (1850-1860), 24th August 1850, Edition Country of 1, Page 11

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      Attg. 24, 1850.] Tzfte %Ea&Er. 5i5

      Attg . 24 , 1850 . ] tzfte % ea & er . 5 I 5

      To Correspondents, J. S.—The Letter Allu...

      TO CORRESPONDENTS , j . s . —The letter alluded to appeared in the Morning Chronicle of the 5 th instant . We are unavoidably obliged to defer several papers , including some of much ability and interest for our " Open Council . "

      Postscript. Saturday, August 17.

      POSTSCRIPT . Saturday , August 17 .

      Sir Robert Peel's Will. From The Times O...

      SIR ROBERT PEEL'S WILL . From the Times of this morning , we take the following abstract of Sir Robert Peel ' s will , as furnished to it by a correspondent : — " The will , of the late Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel has been proved at Doctors' Commons by the three executors , namely , Colonel Peel , the Right Honourable Mr . Goulburn ( member for Cambridge University ) , and the Right Honourable Sir J . Hobhouse . The will is dated March 8 , 1842 , and extends over upwards of fifty sheets of brief paper . He bequeaths to each of his executors a legacy of £ 1000 , and also a legacy of £ 3000 to Lady Peel , to be paid immediately after his decease . He also bequeaths to her her jewels and ornaments , as also such articles of furniture , plate , carriages , horses , & c , in his residence at Whitehall as she may choose to select ; and for her to occupy such residence during her life . In default of her doing so he directs the house to be let , and the rent to be produced thereby to be paid to her . After her death he directs the house to go to his eldest son , the present Sir Robert Peel . His pictures atDrajton he directs his trustees to hold in trust for the person who would , for the time being , be entitled to the possession

      or receipt of the rents and profits of his house at Drayton ; all his books , prints , furniture , and household stores , farming stock , & c , he bequeaths to the present baronet . Upon Miss Eliza Peel attaining the age of twenty-five years , he directs a sum of £ 25 , 000 stock to be invested for her benefit , the dividends thereon to be paid to her during her life , and on her death to be divided amongst her issue ( if any ) in the usual manner . The late Sir Robert Peel provided for future daughters in a similar way . All his personal property he bequeaths to his executors , in trust to realize the same , and first to pay

      his debts , funeral and testamentary expenses , and the legacies given by his will , or any codicils , and to invest the residue for the benefit of all his present and future sons who should attain the age of twenty five years , except the son who should for the time being be heir male of his body , subject to a provision for bringing into hotchpot certain estates situate at Sutton Coldfield and Hampton-in-Arden ; if no son ( other than the eldest or heir male ) should attain twenty-five years , and either survive him or die in his lifetime leaving issue living , the residue he directs to be in trust for

      the eldest son or heir male . He directs his trustees to raise annual sums for every daughter who should not have attained twenty five years , or married , and from eighteen to twenty-five years he directs an allowance to be made to each of them , and the balance to be paid to Lady Peel for their maintenance and education . The testator refers to his marriage settlement , and appoints a sum of £ 1000 thereby settled . He then devises certain freehold estates in Sutton Coldfield and the manor of Hampton-in-Arden , and all other hereditaments belonging to him at the time of his death in Arden , to his son , Mr . Frederick Peel ; if be dies under the age of twenty-five , or after that age , in testator ' s lifetime ,

      without leaving issue living at Sir Robert Peel ' s death , the same to go to his son , William Peel , and so on in similar events to other sons , with a proviso that whoever took such estates should bring the value of the same into his share of the residuary estate ; and in case no sons or the issue of any should become entitled to the estates , the same to go to his eldest son ; if he dies under twentyfive years of age , or having attained that age in the testator ' s life , without leaving any issue at his death , the estates to go to his eldest daughter for her life , then to her sons and daughters equally , failing such issue to his next daughter for her life , then her issue , and failing such issue to the same uses in favour of after-born

      daughters and their children successively . " If Mr . Frederick Peel or any other son should become heir male , or heir male apparent , before the lastmentioned estates should vest in him , the same estates are to go to the person next entitled , as if he had died under twenty five . He then devises his estate in the Isle of Thanet and estate at Cumber ford , in Staffordshire , to his trustees for sale , and the produce thereof to form part of his residuary estate . The will contains the usual

      power to grant leases until the estates devised vest . While his sons are under twenty-five the trustees are directed to receive the income and accumulate the same , with a proviso against accumulations for more than twenty-one years . A small property , called Cawncs Flat , he devises to the uses as concerns the holding of the manor of Drayton Bassett . All his other real estates he devises to his eldest son , the present Sir Robert Peel , for his life ; then to the use of his sons successively ,

      and , failing such issue , to his next son in a similar manner , and then to other sons and daughters in like manTier , and failing all such issue to the present Sir Robert Peel and other sons and daughters successively , and failing all such issue to the sam «» uses as are declared concerning his estate at Drayton Bassett , and that any person who should become tenant in tail who was born in the late Sir Robert Peel ' s lifetime to take the estate for life only , and then to his sons in tail male , and while such tenants are under twenty-one , the trustees are empowered to receive rents ,

      & c , and make advances for maintenance , & c , and to accumulate the residue of income . Powers to tenants for life and to his trustees during their minority to grant leases , & c , and to sell and exchange estates and lay out the produce in the purchase of other lands , and the income to be paid to the person who would have taken the rents of the estate . The will contains the usual provision for the appointment of new trustees to his will , and the mode of appointment and indemnification and protection to the trustees in the usual manner , and power for maintenance and advancement in life of children .

      " By a codicil dated the 14 th day of June , 1842 , the late right honourable baronet bequeaths legacies to two of his stewards , and to some of his stewards , if in his service at the time of his death , a year ' salary each ; to other stwards and to each of his servants and labourers in his employment at the time of his death the following legacies , —to each of his stewards ( other than as aforesaid ) , if they have been in his service ten years , one year ' s salary , —if less , half a-year ' s salary ; to his head gardener and each of his other domestic servants who shall have been in his service ten years , one year ' s wages , —if a less period , half a-year ' s wages . " To each under-gardener , farm labourer , and other out-door servants who shall at the time of his death have been in his employment regularly for ten years , £ 10 ; if a less period , £ 5 only . All such legacies to be paid within three months after his decease . He also bequeaths to his executors £ 200 for the poor of the parish of Tamworth ( excepting the townships of Fazeby , Bouchell , and Wilnecote ) , £ 150 for the poor in the last-named excepted townships , £ 100 for the same class in the parish of Drayton Bassett , £ 100 for ditto in the parish of Kingsbury , £ 50 for the same in the parish of Hampton-in-Arden , £ 50 for ditto in the township of Oswaldwistle , Lancaster , iilOO for same or any other detached estates belonging to him and not situate in the places before named , or who may be or have been employed thereon , or resident in the neighbourhood , such respective sums to be applied during the first or first and second winter after his decease , free of legacy duty . «• By a further codicil , executed in 1844 , the testator directs an estate at Baughley to be sold , and the produce thereof to form part of the residuary estate . " And by a further codicil , executed on the 24 th of March , 1849 , which relates solely to his literary possessions , he bequeaths all his manuscripts and correspondence , which he states he presumes to be of great value , as showing the character of great men of his age , unto Lord Mahon and Mr . Cardwell , with the fullest powers to destroy such as they think fit ; and he directs that his correspondence with her Majesty and her Consort and himself shall not be published during their lives without their express consent fiist had and obtained , for them ( the trustees ) to make arrangements for the safe custody and for for the publication of such of them as they may think fit ,

      and to give all or any of them to public institutions ; and the codicil contains general directio-ns for the custody of such as shall not be disposed of in such manner . Bequeaths to Lord Mahon and Mr . Cardwell £ 1000 upon trust , to invest and to apply the income , and the principal if required , in the execution of his wishes for carrying them out . The trust is expressly limited against perpetuities . The codicil also contains the usual powers for the indemnity of trustees , and also for their new appointment . Sir Robert Peel also bequeaths to each of Lord Mahon and Mr , Cardwell a legacy as a recompense for their trouble and pains in such matters . " The probate duty that has been paid to Government is £ 6000 . "

      By Extraordinary Express, In Anticipatio...

      By extraordinary express , in anticipation of the regular mail , files of papers from Madras to July 9 , Calcutta to July 2 , and Hong-Kong to June 22 , have been received . The Bombay mail has again failed . The Afreedees have again become troublesome . The passes are no longer secure . Lieutenant Pollock , Mr . Brand Sapte , and Lieutenant Miller of the Guide Corps , who had commenced a journey on horseback through the pans from Peshawur to Kohat , were fortunately stayed in time from proceeding at the certain loss of their lives . In the Punjaub all is going on comfortably . In Burmah a domestic war is waging , but no particulars are given . From China the news is not of much interest . The three candidates for the Recordership , vacant by the death of the Honourable C . E . Law , M . P ., are Mr . Sergeant Merewether , the town-clerk of the City ; Mr . Edward Bullock , the Common Sergeant $ and Mr , Russell Gurncy , the Commissioner .

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      Satubday, August 24, 1850.

      SATUBDAY , AUGUST 24 , 1850 .

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      ^ n blit Malts .

      There Is Nothing So Revolutionary, Becau...

      There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law or its creation in its eternal progress . —Dk . ABNOtD .

      What To Do Wits The Land. Among All Our ...

      WHAT TO DO WITS THE LAND . Among all our writers on political economy no one has equalled Miss Martineau in making the truths of that important science clear and convincing to the common understanding . The great source , of this admirable quality which pervades nearly all her works , lies in her warm , sympathy for the working classes , and her earnest efforts to promote their welfare . Most glad are we , therefore , to give insertion in to-day ' s Leader to her excellent practical letter on Association in connection with the Land Question .

      It will be seen that the writer does not look for much benefit from associations partaking of a competitive character ; and little good , she thinks , is to be expected , at present , " from associations which have not an agricultural basis . " This is what we have felt all along . As she afterward remarks , considering the state of society outside , " we cannot see how they can , at present , succeed for all the purposes required of them . " Nevertheless , they do succeed for various important purposes ; and they are especially valuable as pointing to the broad field

      in which philanthropic economy may be most powerfully and usefully exerted . With Miss Martineau , we say most emphatically , " our strongest hope for the improvement of our social condition lies in the directing of intelligence full upon the cultivation of the soil . " The great question then is , how can we most forcibly bend the intelligence of the country in that direction ? In every large town of England , capital , enterprise , and industry are wasting themselves in the manufacturing of goods which cannot find a market . Is there no way by which that wasteful exercise of capital , enterprise , and industry can be prevented ? Is it not

      possible for humane and intelligent men , though they may be in the class of successful millowners and manufacturers , to study the future of their trade and of the population depending upon it , and to see that , instead of building more cotton-mills and weaving sheds with their accumulating profits , till they simultaneously outrun the supply of raw cotton and glut the markets of the world with calico , a much more glorious task would be to try what can be done to renovate society by the intelligent application of surplus capital to the cultivation of the soil , by a thorough revolution of agriculture , which shall place it worthily among modern arts ?

      In a large factory , or chemical work of any kind , one cannot help admiring the way in which everything is turned to the most profitable use . Nothing is wasted or suffered to lie idle . Substances the most useless at first sight are converted into valuable articles of commerce . No particle passes unnoticed or unhandlet by finger or machinery . Now , let any one fancy what the result would be if the same amount of skill and industry were applied to that miraculous laboratory , the soil . People

      talk of the population of Great Britain as having outstripped the means of subsistence—which is true only in a limited sense . If industry had free access to the land , and were wisely directed , " there would be found , " as Miss Martineau remarks , " not one superfluous pair of hands , not one mouth that might not easily be fed . " Indeed , it would be easy to demonstrate that , were the soil properly cultivated , Great Britain might supply many times its present population with food .

      But before this can be done effectually we must have many social reforms ; a complete change must take place in the minds of men regarding the real uses of wealth , and their duty to each other as members of the same great commonwealth . Such a change cannot take place suddenly . It will not come , like " a social earthquake , overthrowing everything most stable and most valuable , '' but by the growth and enlightenment of the understanding and the conscience of the community . But come

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 24, 1850, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24081850/page/11/