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    September 24, 1853.] THE LEADER. 915

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    Three cases of "cholera" are reported at...

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    LETTERS FROM PARIS. [From otm own Ooriuo...

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    The Cholera In England. Officiai", 1'Rkc...

    . m ~ extraordinary assistance to the poor , to enable them to keep large fires in their rooms , to protect themselves from cold and damp by warm clothing , to sustain their strength by a solid and nutritive diet , and to counteract the predisposition to disease induced under these peculiar circumstances , by suitable tonics and other remedies , under medical direction . This representation was made when there was . a thre atening of the return of cholera ; it is now atnongst us , and the General Board , would . remind the affluent that ; the opportune supply to their poorer neighbours and dependents of wholesome food , warm clothing , and bedding , and even such remedies ( to be always in

    readiness ) as their medical attendant may recommend tor looseness of bowels , is charity in the truest sense , and may be the means of saving many lives . It is also much to be desired , and the General Board would strongly recommend , that the higher classes should co-operate with the clergy , who have done so much to promote the object of the Legislature under the Public Health Act , in making frequent visits among the poor , and impressing upon them the importance of following the instructions here laid down , with reference to which there is a perfect accordance between the College of Physicians and the General Board of Health .

    " In conclusion , after the large experience of this disease which has been obtained since the General Board of Health issued their first notification ( 1848 ) , they can now repeat with greater confidence what they then urged , that , formidable as this malady is in its intense form and developed stage , there is no disease against which it is in our power to take such effectual precaution , both as collective communities and private individualSj by attention to it in its first or premonitory stage , and by the removal of those agencies which are known to propagate the spread of all epidemic diseases , or , where that may be impracticable , by removal from them . Though , therefore , the issues of events are not in our hands , there is ground for hope , and even confidence , in the sustained and resolute employment of the means of protection which experience and science have now placed within our reach . " By order of the General Board of Health . ( Signed ) Chables Macatji , ay , Secretary . "

    September 24, 1853.] The Leader. 915

    September 24 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 915

    Three Cases Of "Cholera" Are Reported At...

    Three cases of " cholera" are reported at Greenwich and Woolwich , but none have been fatal . It is not said whether the cases were " Asiatic cholera" or not . Deptford streets are reported to be in a very dirty state . The act of Parliament under which the order in council respecting the cholera , was issued , passed on the 4 th September , 1848 . It is entitled "An actl ; o renew and amend an act of the tenth year of her present Majesty , for the more speedy removal of certain nuisances and the prevention of contagious and epidemic diseases . " The first part of the statute has reference to the removal of certain nuisances , and the second empowers the privy council to issue orders for putting in force the provisions relative to contagious and epidemic diseases . The order havine- issued for Great Britain

    for the next six months , the General Board of Health , by the 10 th section , is empowered to issue directions for the prevention , as far as possible , or mitigation of , the disease . The board may provide for the frequent and effectual cleansing of streets and public ways ; for the ventilating and disinfecting of dwellings ; for the removal of nuisances , and the speedy interment of the dead , and generally for preventing or mitigating such

    epidemic in such manner as to tho board may seem expedient . Medicines may be dispensed and medical aid provided . Houses can bo inspected during the day time , and anything injurious to health removed . The expenses are to be paid out of the Poor's rate . There are various provisions to enforce the act , and penalties « re to bo levied and recovered for obstructing its execution . All orders and regulations are to be laid before Parliament and gazetted .

    It is notable that . North Shields , within twenty minutes' rail journey of Newcastle , is as yet free from cholera , bub several cases of diarrhoea , have occurred . In Newcastle , tho bead quarters of tho present eho-Wji , the fatality of the epidemic seems on tho decline . A ho deaths , during tho early portion of the week , reached , daily , UH high as 108 ; of late they have fallen to 91 and 89 . . Tho total number of deaths in Nowcastle biw been 053 . During tho same tiino there wcro j ) ut 1 Q 6 dcutha in 1831-32 . Tho deaths , in GatoHhend , lmve varied from 30 , on last Saturday , to 12 , onThurB-< % . In lloxham there have been 11 deaths : in South Shields , 5 deaths : and in Durham , 3 deaths .

    An extraordinary sanitary utep has been taken . ¦ Fho majority of tho inhabitants of tho Sandgate , a crowded and dirty quarter of tho town , have boon ordered awny . Some have been oncampnd outside tho to wn , and Hvo a wholesome life , under cuuvush ; others | ' ro scattered through tho town , but those who roinnin h » vo been Nubjcctod to a novero visitation , 120 ensea of « nolor a having occurrod amongst them . This weolc thcro has been but one cuso of Asiatic cnolorn in London . A woman , living 1 in tho city , was soizoil on Tuesday , and died on Thursday morning-. A cuso ° f ondoinic cholera occurrod in Marylebono . I » Manchester thoro hits boon ono easo of cholorn .

    Three Cases Of "Cholera" Are Reported At...

    LORD JOHN RUSSELL ' S SPEECH AT GREEN 0 CK . Lobd John Rttssei / l has had his holiday demonstration ; and in accordance with the character of the man , has spoken gravely , though hopefully , of the present aspect of affairs at home and abroad . The occasion was the presentation of an address from the provost , magistrates , and town councillors of the town of Greenock , who , on Monday , presented one of the usual complimentary addresses . In referring to Parliamentary reform , Lord John oddly brought in the coincidence , that when he was a boy at school , in Scotland , the people were not represented : —

    " I cannot but look back at the time when I first entered Scotland , and had the advantage of receiving part of my education under distinguished men in the metropolis of your country . ( Cheers . ) At that period there was nothing like real representation of the people of this part of the United Kingdom—those exceptions of popular election which prevailed elsewhere did not find their place in Scotland , and the freedom of the press was a mere name ; for I do not remember that there was any newspaper at that time which really conducted public discussions with freedom and with openness . I cannot but look at that time to congratulate you , and to congratulate myself , that times are so greatly altered . Your provost ; has alluded to institutions in other countries which have failed—to liberties which have flourished for a time , and have decayed , or without bringing their fruits to maturity . But the difference between those countries and this is , that there is

    here such a temperate enjoyment of freedom—such a forbearance in pushing rights to extremity , such a wellconsidered appreciation of the value of liberty , the institutions derive all their force and all their grandeur from the character of the people among v hom they are introduced . It is thus that if I at any time have been enabled to add to the privileges , to add to the power of the people , I have felt at the moment , and I have been confirmed by experience since , that I was adding at the same time to the strength and security of the throne . I am sure , gentlemen , that such will continue to be the case , and that while you value and esteem those privileges which you enjoy , and those privileges which you may hereafter obtain , you will at the' same time consider that it is by the temperate use of liberty , that all these privileges can be best maintained to a remote posterity . "

    In these words no extension of reform is promised ; but in the following- the necessity of general reform is vaguely described , in allusion to the Tree-trade

    measures : — " Gentlemen , your provost has alluded to measures which have been under discussion with regard to tho extension of the principle of representation , and measures with regard to the extension of tho freedom of commerce . I am happy , at least , to say , without entering into any argument upon these subjects , that your . addrcBS confesses the increase , I should not Bay confesses , but rather loudly proclaims the increase of the prosperity and happiness of the people ; and thereby , at the same time , proclaims that those measures were not ill devised , and have not been unsuccessful . Gentlemen , with regard to the future , although I may take but for a short t imc any farther part

    in the deliberations of parliament , 1 trust that much that excited party dissension and heated discussion having passed away , that much which was matter of doubt having been settled , there will bo , with regard to future measures , if not an absence of party—and I don't expect any time when there shall be an absenco of party in this country , or when an honest difference of opinion should not be expressed ; yet I trust thero will bo that agreement that the course of legislation may bo still further conducive- to tho happiness of tho peoplo at ; largo . And lot mo say , however important the questions that wo havo

    discussed in past years , and it would bo difficult perhaps to find a timo in tho history of any country , wjien so many measures of importance havo boon obtained , without convulsion and without revolution , as havo boon obtained and established in this country sinco 18 . ' ) 3 . 1 any , while this is tho case , there still remains much for the consideration not onlv of nil statesmen , but of all men who arc lovers of humanity , of justice , and who havo a regard to tho welfare of their countrymen . It is thus with regard to legislatures , as tho poet describes it with regard to tho traveller in a mountain country . Although you scorn to havo mounted to a considerable ascent , thoro are still farther

    ascents before you—Hills Who on hill . s , nml Alps on Alps fu-iso . Thero is no time—I contemplate no time—in which thero will not bo much for an enlightened and benevolent legislnturu to discuss , to arrange , and to ontabliHli . Very unfortunatoly , the very incrouHo of civilization , the very gatherings togothor of population , which are the fruits of industry , of commerce , of nourishing manufactures , and increased trade , bring with them their attendant evils ; and while we are occupiod—while many bonevolont men are occupied—in extending into remote regions tho light of Clirintianity , thero are too many almost at ; our own

    doors , who from the imperfection and ( lie deficiency of education , on tbe one hand , and from the crowded and ill-ventilated dwellings which they inhabit , on the other , are almost as much . deprived of tho inoauH of obtaining roIigioiiH knowledge and instruction us tho heathen in 1 . 1 to most , distant ! lands which our devoted missionaries have visited , and where thoy have boon ready to sacrifice their lives in tho promotion of Divine truth . ( Cheers . ) Well , gentlemen , but these questions give riso to nurneroun and important matters upon which men again may differ , but upon which I hope the conclusion to which they arrive may bo conducivo to the happinoqa of our countrymen . " Our very freedom « tand » in tho way ot nmiiy regulations in thomsolvcs bonoiicial . "

    " While in a foreign country , where despotic rule prevails , you find that there is an obligation to . provide for the good ventilation , for the ordering and maintenance , by measures of police , of that which contributes to the health of the population of a city ; our people , naturally—I must say I find no fault with such jealousy—object to the interference of any central authority ; and when the matter is left to their own government , they do not always pro vide those measures which it is for the good of our peop * they should provide . What should be the limit ? Should you interfere ? What should be the measure of interference ? How far can you limit the freedom of the people in this respect ? How far should legislation be introduced into sUch matters ? These are important questions which the legislature should consider . Then , in regard to

    education , what vast matters are opening , upon which men . of the greatest intellect have already given their opinion to the world ! Can we rely upon the voluntary efforts of individuals in order to provide sound education for the people at large ? Should you interfere , as the Government of America has interfered , in order to provide education ? If you do interfere , how far should you insist that it should be a religious education ? Can you , on the other hand , provide a secular education , and leave others , the ministers of religion , to give religious instruction ? I only glance at these questions in order to show that there are weighty matters still for the consideration of the legislature and statesmen , and I only pray to God that they may be resolved in a manner befitting the intellect , befitting the character , befitting the spirit of an enlightened and a constant people . " ( Loud cheers . )

    But while thus trimming between extremes in regard to home questions , Lord John roused himself and his audience to enthusiasm as he spoke on the foreign question of the day : — " Let me only say , that while these matters of internal legislation are of the utmost importance , while they must occupy from day to day the minds and the time of those who are called to represent you in the Commons House of Parliament—while there are other questions of internal legislation , likewise of vast importance , upon which I have already , for my part , given my opinion , that further measures ought to be adopted , it is also to be considered , and I trust we shall none of us forget , that this country holds an important position among the nations of the

    world . ( Cheers ) . It is nob once but many times she has stood forward to resist oppression , io maintain the independence of weaker nations , to preserve to the general family of nations that freedom , that power of governing themselves , of which others have sought to deprive them . ( Loud cheering . ) I trust that character will not bo forgotten , will not be abandoned by a nation which is now stronger injaaeans , which is more populous , more wealtb / y , than she has been at any former period . This , then , you will agree with , me , is not a period to abandon any of those duties towards the world , towards the whole of mankind , which Great Britain has hitherto performed . Let us perform them , if possible , by our moral influence—let us perform them , if possible , while we maintain the inestimable

    blessings of peace ; but while we endeavour to maintain peace , I certainly should be the last to forget that if that peace cannot be maintained with honour it is no longer peace—( applause)—it becomes then but a truce , a precarious truce , to be renounced by others whenever they may think fit—( cheers)—whenever they think an opportunity has occurred to enforce by arms their unjust demands either upon us or upon our allies . ( Much cheering . ) I trust , gentlemen , that so long as I can bear any part in tho public councils of this kingdom , such will bo my sentiments , and such will be my conduct . Happy I am to find that you have dono me tho honour to signify your

    agreement with mo in these sentiments . I shall conclude , therefore , thanking you again for the great honour that you have done me , by saying that I shall remain attached to that cause which lias been expressed in plain wordsin that which used to be tho toast at our dinners , wherecvor Englishmen were met—¦ namely , " ' The cause of Civil and Jteligious Liberty over the world ! ' ( Cheers . ) I trust tlmfc wherever tho influence of Great Hritain extends , that causo will bo maintained by her . I feel it ; ia her sacred function ; nml when she lets fall that standard from her hands , who will no longer deserve to bear her part in tho concerns of the world . " ( Loud and continued cheering . )

    Tho whole scene is said to have boon striking- It took place in a church ( the Midpari . sh Church of Greonocik ) , and the municipal dignitaries were in their robes and chains of office . The Times hopes the words and tho oh ecru may usefully echo on the magnificent banks of the Neva : to us they seem but like the strophes of the chorus in tbe old CJreok drama—chanting virtue in the presence of crime .

    Letters From Paris. [From Otm Own Ooriuo...

    LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ From otm own Ooriuohi'ondent . ] Lkttkk XCI . Turin , Thurmluy Kvouing , Sept . 212 , 1853 . We nro rttill in the midst , of a crisis , and tho much-vaunted sy . st . em of " authority" hIiowh signs ot falling to pieces . Tho infallible Government has Josfc its wit . M , and known not what saint to invoke to i ( n aid .

    Tho latest report demanded of each commune , louvoa no further doubt or illusion a . s to the ncnreity . Even in tho northern departments , which were snid to bo inoro favourably conditioned , tho deficiency in stated to be a third . 1 find my former calculation not quito correct : that given by tho Sihcle is as near tho exact ¦ fcuto of tho oano us possible . Tho deficiency must bo estimated to range between one-third and one-fifth . Tho JJaaso Brotngno , tliat ia to my , three departments

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 24, 1853, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24091853/page/3/