On this page
-
Text (4)
-
November 27, 1852.] THE LEADER. 1131
-
THE MAJORITY FOR PIERCE. The election of...
-
IMfcWlMJCTIVK KMI»LOYMKNT IN POOR-LAW UN...
-
AN ACCOUNT OF THE JOURNEY OF ISA11TH AND...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Till'] Stars And Stimpks At St. Domingo....
Spain , it is said , which has never formally renounced lier rig ht to St . Domingo , will take possession of it , in the event of anything like a hostile expedition from the shores of America . Would not this bring Spain into direct conflict with America ? The object of the imputed taking of St . Domingo is said to be ^ that from thence attacks on Cuba could be more easily made . Vogue la galere !
November 27, 1852.] The Leader. 1131
November 27 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 1131
The Majority For Pierce. The Election Of...
THE MAJORITY FOR PIERCE . The election of General Franklin Pierce as President of the United States by an overwhelming majority , is fully confirmed by the Washington , which arrived at Cowes on Sunday . The New YorTc Herald says : — " The following is the table , as nearly as ascertained , or as can be estimated from our scattered returns , of the grand results of the tremendous avalanche of 1852 , including the popular and electoral votes , to wit : — States . Majority for Scott . Electors . Massachusetts 7 , 300 ... 13 Vermont 10 , 000 ... 5 Scott ' s majority 17 , 300 ... 18 For Pierce . Maine 11 , 000 ... 8 New Hampshire 14 , 000 ... 5 Rhode Island 1 , 100 ... 4 Connecticut ... ... ... 3 , 500 ... 6 New York 25 , 000 ... 35 New Jersey 5 , 000 ... 7 Pennsylvania 23 , 000 ... 27 Delaware 100 ... 3 Maryland ... ... ... 5 , 000 ... 8 Virginia 8 , 000 ... 15 North Carolina 6 , 000 ... 10 South Carolina ... ( by Legislature ) 8 Georgia 6 , 000 ... 10 Florida 500 ... 3 Alabama 4 , 000 ... 9 Louisiana ... ... ... 1 , 000 ... 6 Texas ... 7 , 000 ... 4 > Mississippi ... ... ... 2 , 000 ... 7 Tenncsse 1 , 000 ... 12 Kentucky 2 , 000 ... 12 Arkansas 6 , 000 ... 4 Ohio 15 , 000 ... 23 Indiana 15 , 000 ... 13 Illinois 12 , 000 ... 11 Missouri 12 , 000 ... 9 Michigan 5 , 000 ... 6 Wisconsin 2 , 000 ... 5 Iowa ... 4 , 500 ... 4 California ... ... ... 1 , 500 ... 4 Total for Pierce 19 G , 2 O 0 ... 278 Deduct Scott's majority ... 17 , 300 ... 18 Pierco ' s probable majority 178 , 900 ... 2 G 0 Tliis is the greatest popular and electoral vote ever Riven at any Presidential election , ns will bo seen by tho following , from tho earliest record of popular votes , in 1828 , when Jackson was first elected : —¦ THE POPULAR AND ELECTORAL MAJORITIES . -r , ., . v Popular Electoral Presidents . Years . Majorities . Majorities . . Tuckson ' H ( . Democrat ) ... 1828 130 , 4 . 08 1 ) 5 Jackson ' s ( Democrat ) ... 1 H . ' 52 104 , 205 152 Van Huron's ( Democrat ) lH . 'W 27 , 542 4 (> Harrison ' s ( Whig ) ... 1840 145 , 021 174 I " oik ' s ( Democrat ) ... 1841 , 54 , 147 ( 55 Taylor ' s ( Whig ) ... 1848 140 , 75 ) 0 : t (> Piurce ' ft ( Democrat ) ... 1852 178 , 1 ) 00 2 ( i () The next striking fact i . s , th . it the Whig party has shrunk into the dimensions of an association , iih will be seen by the following resolutions agreed to on tho 3 rd instant , by the Webster State Executive Committee of Massachusetts : —• "That , as friends of Daniel Webster , antl faithful disciples of the political doctrines which it was the aim of his life mid public : labours to establish , wo hereby constitutu our . selves an Aniericnn Union party . " That , the fundamental principles of our party are fidelit y to the Union and the Constitution , and the election to ollico of men of known political integrity , capacity , anil Hound principles . " That it i , s our duty as a Union party to sustain any natioiml administration , of whatever name , which is practicall y conducted according to the maxims of policy laid down by ¦ Washington nmf Webster . "
Imfcwlmjctivk Kmi»Loymknt In Poor-Law Un...
IMfcWlMJCTIVK KMI » LOYMKNT IN POOR-LAW UNIONS . —Til 10 1 M 0 CKNT CONFKKKNCIO IN MAiNCiruSTNK , . ( To Lit , ) lMUoroft . hu Lender . ) National I ' oor-Law Association , 7 Norfolk-nli-oof , Ms . nohontor , Nov . 17 , IHW . > S | " . As the llditor of tho Daily Nrwn bus thought proper lo lnisreprestint ut sonic length the principles ! aims of the National Poor-Law Association , you Will frrnit . ly oblige me by giving insertion to the : en-<' Insed temperate reply , si copy of which was forwarded t ( J 1 'iiu on Saturday lu « L but which ho hm not vet had
the equity to publish . —I have the honour to be , Sir , your most obedient servant , A . G . Stark , Gen . Sec . N . P . L . A . { To the Editor of the Daily News . ) Sib , —Before dedicating a column and a half of your paper to the disparagement of tho National Poor-Law Association , would it not have been more creditable to yourself and more merciful to your readers , if you had endeavoured to put yourself in possession of the principles and objects of that body ? He who has an opportunity of ascertaining the truth and wilfully shrinks from the inquiry , has no right to set up the plea of ignorance . You cannot urge a pressure of time , for your article did not appear until Wednesday last , a full week after the Conference was held , and there ia not a gentleman who composed it who would not liave readily supplied you with ample information of the
purposes of the Association and the means by which they seek to accomplish them . Nay , if your object were to instruct and not mislead the public , your correspondent here—if you have one—by application at this office , or to any of the numerous and influential gentlemen who constitute the local committee , could have procured and forwarded to you a copy of every tract , circular , and manifesto which havo been issued by the Association since it commenced its existence , nearly three years ago . Suppose that in one of the metropolitan police courts what you call a miscarriage of justice takes place , by the magistrate sentencing some fashionable violator of the peace to a pecuniary line , instead of sending him to prison—suppose that in some remote part of the country a number of questionable persons are exalted to the petty sessions bench—or that any other comparatively trivial event occurs which seems to call for an exercise of your voice potential , do you commit yourself before
inquiring into and mastering the details ? I believe , generally , you do not . And yet here , in the case of an Association , avowedly formed for the purpose of promoting a humane , moral , and economical disbursement of a large portion of the public resources—an Association which gives security for its bond fide character in the long list of its committees , embracing members of two tranches of the legislature , clergymen of various religious denominations , heads of corporate bodies , chairmen of boards of guardians , and other " responsible" citizens—you think it consistent with your character , as " a best possible public instructor , " to write at great length in an injurious vein , without having taken the trouble of inquiring whether your strange surmises and the fabric of abuse you build upon them have any
foundation in truth ! What satisfaction can any of your readers —at least any discerning portion of them—derive from a dissertation in which tho continual recurrence of such phrases as the folio-wing shows how the writer is groping in the dark , and groping after that with which he should have taken care to make himself familiar : —" The resolutions tell all that seems to be known of the views and aims of the Association "— " the aim of the Association may , perhaps , " & c—" the Association contemplates , perJiaps , " — " these gentlemen of the Conference contend , probably , " & c . Having now done what I bope will prove good service to you by a -word of rebuke for the past and caution for the future , I will proceed to transcribe from the authorized publications of the Association the following brief and simple statement of its
: —• v " The Poor-Law Association has for its object the diminution of pauperism , with its demoralizing consequences , and the reduction of the burthen of poor-rates , by substituting , wheresoever practicable , productive labour for unproductive' tests , ' and gratuitous relief , and by enabling the unemployed to work for their subsistence , without competing or interfering with independent labour . As means to this end , the Association seeks , by public discussion , tho publication of tracts , and all legitimate efforts , to enforce upon the legislature and payers of rates , tho acknowledged princi p les of political economy in favour of profitable employment , in opposition to the mistaken rulo Ly wnich many thousand able-bodied persons are . kept in idleness , or designedly unproductive . "And as further means to this end , practical information will bo collected and disseminated respecting industrial schools , and the various agricultural and manufacturing operations , by means of which juvenile and adult paupers aro now rendered , in many unions , wholly or nearly self-supporting . "
-. *¦ t *¦ . * * ¦» -i l i . t i ; Having placed you and your much-abused readers in possession of tho real objects of the Association—witli which , if you bo an admirer of idleness and an enemy of industry , you are welcome to quarrel-it will not bo expected that I should notice all tho imayimtry designs you attribute to that body , and the reproaches which you have , in consequence , heaped upon it . in tho course of your article , however , you have stumbled against some truths , in behalf of which I would dcairo to say a word . You auk , with a ludicrous air of triumph , " Hut who wishes paupers to bo idle ? And what tests' but labour testa arc Micro in our workhouses ? " There aro thounaiids of so-called political economists who will argue with you by the hour to prove that the < l «! ntituto should be supported in idleness , on tlio absurd pica Unit their labour might enter into competition with " independent" industry . You ought , to know that there are not a
dozen , certainly not a neore , of imimiH in Kngluncl and Wales , whore any system worthy of the name of industry is pursued . Until within tlio hist two or throe years , in conformity with tho teneth of a false political economy , idleness reigned Nii |> remo ia iill the Irish worlchoiiKOH , and unfortunates us tho sister kingdom is , it would Imve been worse had tlio irrational and pernicious rt ' imt ! continued . "And what tests , " yon demand , " n , r « ( hero in our workhouses hut labour tests ? " Tlio tests you refer to are not , entitled to Iho name of Jnbour tests , as they nro revolting , inhuman , and unproductive . Your alone-breaking , oukuml > icl ( in « , and mill-turning tests nro no groat improvement upon tho " IVc-iiUh of tyranny which , " you Htule , " wen ; r . vcrrhcd by poor-houni-H in tho olile ' n time . " Nueli te . ils may bo very ( ippro-Drinlo to tho profoHsioiuil mendicant or ln / . y impoMlor ; but
HiippoHP the case n pregnant olio in tunes ol diril less- oi it iniiii reduced to necessity by no sin of his own , anil compelled to Miter 1 . 11 e workhouHO . Directly or indirectly , lie linn licen a rate-payer until now , lint , having fnllen upon evil days , ho can no longer contribute l <> tho support of his indigent fellowcrenluivH . You say that , tho worklitiuso is only , or ehiolly , a p lace fin- tho lielplcnri . This must bo a now doctrine to I hoso Mall In mian pliilosophorit who have been in Iho Imbit , of jimisliiifr thai , tho workhouse in Iho bent test for I ho able-bodied . For hundreds of yours , it has been the eonmion-liiw kicjut of every l <] ii ;; lisliniaii , ' wlioii in necessity , Jo demand relief on his luitivo noil " And iiiliniUiiif ; , then , tlio r ' ujhl of this poor but denorvhiL man (< i whom I have referred , would you have no howols of companion if you saw him subjeeied to I ho e . i / wriiiieiifiiiti cntcia , and ( loomed to pick oakum tlio live-Ion /; clny to provit Unit ho was not , an impostor P
Ho much for tlio "labour tests" which ; n' « ^ morall y npplied in our workhouses , and whieh tho Poor-Law Association is aiixioiiH to replace hy Honiotliing moro in consonance with humanily and common moiiho . You Hooiu to have been deceived hy tho common emir I lint there itro no iible-bndied junipers in Iho country depending upon mlos for relief . I do not know how many thero aro lit Iho l > rcs « ul , moment , in H > in unhappy condition , but , if you turn to tho last iinnual report , of Iho l'oor-Iiiiw OoininissumiMS , )> . f » , you will ( hid that , on tlio 1 st of January of tlio prenonl , year , thoroworo 130 . 11 W "dull ablo-bodiod noraona on tho books in
receipt of rebef in England and Wales , besides an uncalculated number in 500 parishes , under the operation of Gilbert a ana other acts . lteasoning upon one of tho discoveries effected by your imagination , you exclaim oracularly , " It will never do—that scheme of supporting a workhouse by a farm . " Granted that the worKhouse cannot be supported entirely by the farm , is that any reason why those who can handle a spade should sit down in idleness , or be engaged in all but useless emp loyments ? Is it any reason why the Poor-Law Association , or any other sensible body of men , should be derided for endeavouring to remove from the statute-book any legal restrictions that may interfere with the taking of land for the purpose of tillage or reclamation i * You make the awkward admission—for a Tree-trade
journalthat the present race of English agriculturists cannot make their farms pay , and must give place to others with heavier purses and more polished intellects ; but this shouldnot prevent any board of guardians from attempting to diminish the rates upon their constituents by employing on the land the labour of those persons whom they are bound to relieve . ¦ \ Vith regard to your assertion that the scheme of profitably applying the labour of the poor on land , towards the support , more or less , of workhouses , " would not answer . " I have only to say that the facts are against you . Various workhouse farms in England pay . All the well-managed farms in connexion with Irish workhouses pay , and the guardians , generally , are able , from the profits of them , to place considerable sums annually to the credit of their respective unions . than
I shall conclude this letter , which is much longer I intended to make it , with the following extract from , an able Liberal journal in this district , the Freston Guardian , which shows that there is a crying necessity for an Association like that which has been distinguished by your animadversions : — " We well remember how soon , upon the formation of the Preston Union , the looms upon which the poor people had been industriously employed at Preston , ltibchester , and Woodplumpton workhouses , were knocked down beneath the order of the London Commissioners , and became of little more worth than fire-wood . And we have before us the advertisement of ' All the valuable stock of wrapperings , bed tickings , sheetings , towellings , sackings , warping mill , looms , wheels , swifts , and calendar for sale , in the Kendal workhouse , and Harden sacking manufactory "—' pursuant to the order of Ike Poor-Law Board . ' This was a wanton stroke , and showed how desperately men in high stations may sometimes be led away in pursuit of mere theories . The following statement as to the proceeds of the labour system is from a gentleman in the Kendal union : —¦
"' The Harden manufactory was first established in 1801 , Judge Chambrie in the chair . The gain to the township of Iiendal up to the formation of the union in 1836 amounted to upwards of 8000 / . Many of the paupers who were admitted into the workhouse found in a short time that they were earning more money than their support cost in the house , and therefore they -would no longer continue , thinking that the parochial authorities were gamers . Many boys were taught the art of weaving-, and were able to earn their own bread v . heu they arrived at the age of sixteen or seventeen years . '" I also give you a statement of our manufactories from tho formation of the Kendal union up to the time they were ordered to be discontinued in 18-49 . Mr . Crewdson , who was chairman of the union at its formation , found tlio capital for the Harden manufactory , which ym ^ repaid to him with interest in 1839 out of the labour proceeds ; and the total gain during Hi years amounted to 32 S 1 / . 7 s . 3 $ d . The twine manufactory at JVIilnthorpe workhouse was not established until March , 1 H-W , which . realized 51 iU . 18 s . 10 \ d ., making a total of 3801 / . Gx . Vd . in favour of the common fund of the union . *
" Comment is here unnecessary . For Kendal alone the gains up to 183 G had been upwards of S 0004 . ; and from 1836 to 1841 ) the gain to the union had been 380 U . But at last tho Poor-Law Board wearied out tho guardians , and all went to destruction . We remember visiting this establishment when in full employ , and a . more gratifying sight in connexion with pauper management wo never beheld . Wo hope the idle system will soon receive its doom . " I have the honour to be , Sir , your very obedient servant , AllClLlUALO G . ISTAltK , Gen . Sec . National I ' uor-Law Association . 7 , Norfolk-street , Manchester , Nov . 12 , 1802 .
An Account Of The Journey Of Isa11th And...
AN ACCOUNT OF THE JOURNEY OF ISA 11 TH AND OV . KJtW . KG IN CENTRAL AFRICA . In the Times of Tuesday appeared the following- letter . The writer , Mr . Peternninn , is the well-known Hydrographer of the Admiralty department . It is a most important contribution to contemporary history , and coining just in the miifot of our political and polemical disputes , will afford new pasture to our inquiring readers . Silt , — Despatches and private letters havo just arrived at the Foruign-oiliri ; and the ; 1 ' rusniiui Kmbanisy from ( ho expedition in the interior of Africa , conducted by Uurth mid Ovorweg . At Mm request of his Excellency ( Jhevulier liunsen , 1 beg to submit to you a lew particulars of tho profjns . s . i of that expedition , which may interest some of your renders .
Jt will be renicMnboretl that it is now three years U £ o that this expedition left England under the direction of Mr . James . Richardson , who was charged by tlio Kn ^ litili ( jiovenuiient to niako commercial treaties with tho chiefs of tho countries lying between Tripoli and Lake Tsiul . Jn the ( Irst year ( lNf > 0 ) Hie travellers Mucc (! ssfully crosHtul tho whole of tin ; Sahara in a very circuitous westerly direction , and thiiH explored a great , portion of Northern Africa which had never before been "visited by any 1 'luropean . Their route from Uhiit , to Kiino , in purLieuliir , was highly interesting . A . long stay whs inatlt ! in AVr , or AnIxim , ono of tlio most , ]) owei'ful kingdoms of INortliern Africa , the capital of which is Agudc / ,. In I he second year , tho travollom explored a lnrge portion oi' Sutlan in diH " er (! nt . dir (! ctions ; lor tliis purpose thry separated on their
arrival at tlie northeni frontiers of that , country , each pursuing a different , route their plan being ultimately to moot , at , Kuka , the capital of Hornu . Hurth antl () verw (! g safely reached that place , but poor Iticliardson , whoso feeble c-oii . Mfitntion was unable to btiur i . hti fat iguo of such an oxtonsivn journey , died on ( lie way to that place , six : chiyn' inareli distant . Tin ' s nielitndioly event lull hard upon the two remaining travellers , who had already undergone many hardships , and who . se at that timo very small means hud met with uiicxpcrti'd losses by robberH in Iho desert . Nothing dauntt ! il , howovcr , thoy accomplished within a short I imo two highly interesting journoyrt - liarlJi penel rating . ' 150 miles to the south as far uh Yoln , t . he capital of the kingdom of Adamaua ; and Ovcrwcg navigating Luke Twut in thu bout , which hud bcuu cou-
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 27, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_27111852/page/7/
-