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covered . It is supposed that a Roman merchant vessel was -wrecked on a sandbank in that neighbourhood some seventeon hundred years ago . In order to encourage a trial of the English systems oi drainage , the French minister of agriculture and commerce , has granted 5000 f . ( £ 200 ) to the model farm at Camp department of the Mayerme towards the expense of conveyance , purchase , and setting up the machine for manufacturing the pipes . Twenty-one Polish exiles have just been expelled from Switzerland . Many more have been dismissed from Government situations in France , on account of their democratic sentiments . The grant of twelve shillings a month has also been reduced one third for all of the proscribed opinion .
. ,. . Mrs . Forrest , the wife of the American tragedian , in reply to her husband ' s petition for divorce ,-has addressed a communication to the Legislature of Pennsylvania , setting forth that she is parted from Mr . Forrest at his wish , upon some ground of temper , and that Mr . Forrest had proposed to her to allow her character to be impeached , in order the more easily to compass a divorce . To that end proposals for preserving secrecy had been made to her , which , though accompanied by offers of provision for life , she felt bound in honour unqualifiedly to refuse . Without pecuniary means for her own defence , she had no resource but in making a solemn declaration protesting against the course pursued by her husband .
The reconstruction of the fort at Ofen has at last been commenced . The fortifications are to be rebuilt sufficiently strong to guard against a sudden surprise , but not against a regular siege . Temeswar and Arad are to be reconstructed with all the science and art which modern engineering skill can compass . The Government is said to intend to make Arad a second Coruorn . The leaders of the Hungarian revolution were three months ago summoned to surrender ; as the period of ninety days had elapsed without bringing with it such an act of folly on the pan of the simple Hungarians , they have all been sentenced to death in contumacium . Among them areKossuth , Perczel , Batthyani , Madaras , Teleki , and others .
The German language has been substituted for the Magyar in the University of Presburg . Many students ignorant of German , and even some of the professors have been compelled to leave the university . The Swiss Federal Council was opened on April 5 , at Berne . The President , M . Escher , in his opening speech asserted the mutual responsibilities of Nations , and that it was the duty of Switzerland to call Nations to liberty by the force of example , and to maintain the Alps as the altar of liberty in Europe . lie regretted to observe the spirit of the Sonderbund still lingering in some of tlu ; Cantons .
Parish priests are getting scarce in Spain . The Gazette of every week contains circulars from different bishops , notifying vacancies in their dioceses . On April 3 , the Bishop of Tarragona advertized for sixtythree . It would appear that the Convent is preferred to the Cure . Major Nicholson , aide-de-camp to the Governor-General of India , had left Constantinople , with General Guyon , for Broussa . The Turkish steamer Farli-hut had left for Gallipoli , to embark 250 Italian refugees for Genoa . General Dembinski , who was among the Poles
on board tho ship that carried some eighty Polish refugees to Malta , would not abandon his friends in distress ' , but took ship for Broussa , from whence iiC went to join Kossuth and his friends in misfortune who have been sent into the interior . There were still 600 Polish refugees nt Schumla . They had been divided into classes , comprising severally those who have consented to serve in the Christian battallions about to be formed in Turkey , those who are willing to serve in the civil administration , and those who desire to stay in Turkey and support themselves .
A letter from Leghorn of the 24 th March , states that on that day ji great number of persons had gone to the new cemetery to plant- crowns on the graves of those who had fallen for the cause of Italian independence , and that in the contiguous church of La . Buomi Morto , part of the congregation having called for a Pater and Ave to the memory of those who had died for the cause of Italy , a great disturbance ensued , which called the police to the spot . Fourteen persons have been arrested on acooun t of the disturbance . Tlie following notice has been published ut Leghorn by the military nuthorit ins : — "From the Imperial and lloyal Military Command of the City , all those who follow religious processions which arc still tolerated shall have their faces uncovered ; and the churches shall be closed at seven p . m ., and not reopened till sunrise . " '
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TO CORRESPONDENTS AND READERS . The immense mass of letters which we receive on diverse subjects precludes our acknowledging many communications individually ; but we cannot refrain from saying to a large number that their encouragement and approbation is most welcome in our arduous enterprise . Each one man who lias written to us in that sense may rest assured that every word lias been received at its full value , and that he is amply thanked . Several suggestions , especially in regard to the distant circulation of our paper , are thankfully accepted , and shall be attended to We find it impossible to make any satisfactory reply to strangers who offer their services in tlie regular employment of tint paper . We cannot but fuel obliged by the disposition to share in our labours ; but for many communications we
can give no answer more specific than to say that we have no vacant employment which we can place at tlie disposal of the writers , and that it is extremely difficult to negociato on any subjects of the kind without some sort of personal introduction . John Walker objects to our use of Latin quotations , and says that , biting a working man , he cannot understand them . It would not only deprive literary writing in particular of many happy illustrations if the use of foreign languages were precluded , but would cramp the writer . It will , however , be our endeavour , generally speaking , to take care that no essential part of the text is ( touched in an alien tongue ; so that tint reader may treat it as surplusage . On the other hand , tho casual encounter with foreign languages will often stimulate the thoughtful man to some efl ' ort at escaping from the exulusivencss of his mother tongue .
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A ban . | urt was (; iven on Monday evening at . the London Tavern , by the . inhabitants of Laughnurn Ward , to ' ir John Key , on the occasion of the twenty-seventh anniversary of his election to fill the oflioe of alderman of the ward . The tomb and the remains of Aided the Great are to lie altered for sale by auction on Thursday next , by order of i lit * county magistrates !! We thought that the l ( iw < . st depth of degradation had In cu reached , when the s-ite of tin splendid abl > ey win re his r « maiiis were , deposited was ciivi ii d with the buildings of a bridewell ; hut it is i-111 uiij >) i for every Kuglishmau to hide his face wiih everlasting sh . iiue to be told- that the ashes of our best , our wisest , and greatest kins' are to be sold—are to he elm lit rvA iiud cheapened—at a public auction . — Ihunns / iiif Iutlcjx ; n /< ii / .
The plan proposed by Mr . ilouriio tor improving ; stenrrr navigation in India has been rclcrrod by the Court of directors of the Mast India (' ompany to the i luvei mm ut . in Bengal , leaving it to tlie local authorities to decide on its merits . It is said that tho Deputy Master of the Mint lias
tendered his resignation , and that it has been accepted by the Treasury . Captain Harness , secretary to the Railway Commission , it is added , has been appointed to succeed him . Upwards of 140 barristers went the Munster circuit at the assizes just ended , seven-eighths" of whom did not hold a brief . The strike among the engine-drivers and firemen on the North British Railway still continues . Each party holds out with resolution , with ho appearance of a compromise . A grand scheme of emigration is on foot amongst the agriculturists in this and the adjoining counties of Worcester and Hereford . It is proposed , in the first instance , to purchase a million acres of land in one of the western states of America . —Gloucester Chronicle .
Ebenezer Elliott , writing to a gentleman who proposed to call and taste his home-brewed , said : — " When I married , my wife agreed that we should have two bairns , a la-1 and a lass , and the best home-brewed ale in England . She more than kept her promise as to the bairns , for they came so fast that they stopped the brewing . "Gateshead Observer . On account of the difficulty of obtaining the large sum of £ 600 or £ 700 required to defray the annual expenses of the Royal Thames Regatta , the committee has resolved to discontinue the regatta in its former shape , and to constitute periodical races , comprising those which have hitherto formed part of the two days' sport .
An alarming emeute broke out on board the Stirling Castle convict ship , at Portsmouth , on Friday week , which lasted several days . The men who began the riot were a numbpr of ferocious villeins who had recently arrived from Woolwich , who complained of not getting a sufficient quantity of food . The mutiny spread from the Stirling Castle to the York , where the convicts refused to go to work , and began to batter the bulkheads with their stools . The officer who has charge of the ship seized two of the ringleaders and ordered one of them to be flogged . This had the effect of putting down the mutiny in that vessel ; and the same steps were resorted to next day on board the Stirling Castle , with an equally wholesome effect .
A young French lady who has been converted to Protestantism through the instrumentality of the Rev . V . G Dangars , made a public renunciation of the Catholic fuith on Sunday morning in the French Protestant Church , St . Martin's-le-grand , and embraced that of the Church of England . William Peckham , the Leadenhall " walk" lettercarrier has been robbed . At first the story was that three men had seized him , snatched away tho letters , and
ran off : an improbable talc which threw suspicion on the man himself . A miserable old man has since confessed that he quietly picked a bag oft" a window-sill on which Peckham had left it . It contained letters , and also some meat and mustard ; the food was welcome , but the plunderer was alarmed at finding the Postmaster ' s property in his possession , and after wandering about for some time , in a state of indecision , he gave himself up to the nnlice .
Some workmen employed in the repair of an extensive mansion in the village of Lewishatn , last Monday , had occasion to take up the flooring of the dining parlour , when , within a foot of the joists , the skulls of no less than seventeen horses were found , and in every instance the lower jaw bone zoas absent . A sieain-vessel , named the Collier , from Guernsey , was caught by the tide while proceeding up the river and driven against London-bridge . All the three masts snapped , and were carried over the side , leaving the vessel a perfect hulk , everything on deck being swept overboard . The crew had a very narrow escape , but saved themselves by descending into the cabin .
Lepbridge , who threw Matthews , a stage carpenter at the Strand Theatre , from the second boxes into the orchestra , has been sentenced to a fine of £ 5 or two months' imprison merit . On Sunday lnst the services at Ducie Chanel were conducted by ]) r . Nolan , for the first time since the action for defamation of character , tried at the recent Liverpool Assizes . The chapel was crowded both morning and evening , great numbers not b < ing able to obtain admission at the latter service . Both before and after the time of the services many persons had assembled in front of the building , and the aid of the police was rcquirecl in order to keep the , footpath clear . Dr . Nolan , in the course of his address , called God to witness his innocence of the charges madf > against him . —Manchester Guardian .
Two men , named Edward Craine and Thomas Gill , proceeded to a hill side on the estate of llonabb , parish of Maughald , for the purpose of procuring a bundle of heather for tlie making of brooms ; while thus engaged the proprietor of the promises observed them , and remarked that he should quickly make thorn remove their quarters . In accordance with this determination lie at . once set fire to the dry furze and heather , directly under the plnee where the poor men were unpaged as above stated . '; lie fire spread with great fury , and it was
only by rolling himself down the brow ol the lull , and falling over the edge of the precipice into the river underneath , that Gill escaped , whilst his unfortunate companion , who vn .... iv penMuner , agc-il eighty-tin ee vi ars , ; md quite a cripple , was lolt in his helpless state a prey to tlu- devouring cL merit . After the llaine had subsided , Gill went in search of Craine , whom lie found burnt to a cinder . The proprietor ol tho heath lias been apprehended . —Manx LibvraL
• Edmund Woodland , son of a brewer at 1 vvickenham , I was summoned at Ciuildhall . cn Saturday , for refusing j to support his illegitimate child . The complainant was I an interesting young lady , respectably connected ; she ! said the defendant hail commenced pa ) ing his nddiesses to her about four years , and his attentions had been so | marked that all her friends considered him in the light of I her future husband . Twelvemonths ago she went with him
on a pleasure trip to Richmond-park , and it was on that occassion that he succeeded in removing her scruples , by urging that it could make no difference as he would marry her in a few days . He afterwards repeatedly promised her marriage , tcntil the birth of the child ; he then discontinued his attentions altogether , and engaged himself to a young lady with money . When called upon to perform his promise , he said " he could not do so without consulting his papa on the subject . " An order was made upon the defendant , who did not appear to the
summons . The Reverend Canon Bowles , whose controversy with Byron may be recollected by many , died at Salisbury on the 7 th inst ., at the advanced age of eighty-nine . The Plymouth town council are about to lay down a quantity of glass pipes , jointed with gutta percha , as an experiment , for the conveyance of water . The last experiment made by Mr . Shepherd with the message balloons which were sent up on the 3 rd of March rom the roof of the Admiralty buildings at Whitehall have been very successful . A letter has just been received at the Admiralty containing one of the slips picked
up on the 7 th of March by a commercial traveller from Birmingham , who found it , and observed several other 3 of the same kind , at Altona , near Hamburgh , a distance of about 450 miles from London . The slips must have dropped from the balloon in its flight over the north of Europe , and its ultimate fate is as yet unascertained . With the aid of similar balloons Captain Collinson and Captain Austin may be able to make known their positions to each other by despatching them with slips in the Arctic regions , and they may also be able to convey intelligence to Sir John Franklin and his gallant companions , informing them where provisions and friends are waiting or searching for them .
The Clare Journal mentions in its last number no fewer than four cases of death from destitution . The twenty-fifth anniversary * bf the . Manchester Mechanics' Institute was celebrated on Wednesday evening by a social party in the Assembly-room of the Town-hall . The number of visitors to the British Museum during 1849 has been 979 , 073 , an increase of 80 , 000 over the preceding year . The superintendent of the trucks on the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway , and one of his subordinates , have just been arrested for extensive depredations on that line . An educational meeting was held on Tuesday night in the Music Hall , Edinburgh , Mr . A . Black in the chair . On the motion of Mr . Cowan , an association was formed , to be called the National Education Association of
Scotland . The Epsom Spring meeting commenced on Thursday , the weather showery , and the attendance not so numerous as usual . One of the temporary platforms fell in during the principal running , and four or five persons had their limbs fractured . The Anti-State Church Association held a meeting on Thursday evening at the Free Trade-hall , Manchester . From 5000 to 6000 persons were present . The principal speakers were Mr . G . Thompson , M . P ., Mr . Miall , and the Reverend J . Burnett . To the first resolution , condemnatory of " the establishment of any kind of religion by the Government , " an amendment in favour of a Church establishment was moved by " an operative " amid groans and hisses . No seconder , however , could be found . A petition for the separation of Church and State was afterwards adopted .
Tlie trades' unionists charged with attempting to assassinate Mr . W . Butcher , at Sheffield , have been examined before the magistrates , and the inquiry has terminated in the discharge of Daniel Hodkins , one of the accused , and the committal for trial of W . Bailey and Daniel Ensor .
Postscript.
POSTSCRIPT . POSTSCRIPT .
Saturday . In the House of Lords , last night , Eurl Ghky moved tho third reading of the Convict Prisons Bill . In the debute that ensued Lords Lytti . eton , " Wodki torsi :, Ilcukstkk , and Stanley , expressed their convictions of the necessity of altering our
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56 W&t JtiLeatret * [ Saturday , « -. . . . ~ *
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 13, 1850, page 56, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1840/page/8/
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