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Leader (1850-1860), 13th July 1850, Edition Town of 1, Page 365, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      THE BULGARIAN INSURRECTION . The accounts which appear in the Vienna journals of the insurrection in Bulgaria are very contradictory , but from all it is clear that several serious engageme nts have taken place , although it is difficult to ascertain which side was victorious . One battle is said to have occurred in the neighbourhood of Widdin , in which the Turks defeated the undisciplined horde opposed to them after a very short but sanguinary struggle ; most of the latter , escaping into Servia . Another engagement occurred at Beogradatz , with a similar result . On this occasion one of the chief leaders of the insurgents was captured by the Turks , flis name is Radscha . The

      chief locality of the insurrection seems to have been i , he pashalic of Widdin , within which , however , the insurgents , as may be supposed from their double defeat , made but little way . The Christian populalation of Widdin is represented as greatly alarmed ; they fear both Turks and Bulgarians . ^ The real motives of the insurgents are enveloped in mystery . The statement of their claims , "which they are represented as having drawn up , does not appear in any journal ; but , from all the accounts which have been published , there appears to have existed among the insurgents great embitterment against the Turkish pashas .

      Advices from Semlin to the 26 th and 27 th June lead to the belief that the Turkish arms have not been so successful as was originally stated . The insurgents are said to be collected in great force in Servia , and to be still in arms in the district of Belgradcieza . Foreign influence is said to be very active in promoting the insurrection . According to the Osservatore Dalmato , the inhabitants of Bagnani are ripe for insurrection against the Turkish rule , and that the populations of Montenegro and Grabova are also in a very disturbed state .

      Untitled Article

      CHURCH OF ENGLAND SELF-SUPPORTING VILLAGE SOCIETY . On Tuesday a public meeting was held at Willis ' s Rooms , the Honourable Arthur Kinnaird in the chair . The proceedings having been opened by a prayer , the chairman stated the object of this meeting was to award prizes to those gentlemen who had written the three best essays upon the principles of the Church of England Self-Supporting Village Society , and to receive a report from the committee respecting the condition and progress of the institution . The secretary read the report which stated that the society desired to raise a sum of £ 40 , 000 , for promoting the religious , moral , and general improvement of the working classes , by forming

      establishments of 300 families on the land , and combining agricultural with manufacturing employment for their own benefit . The report having been received and adopted , the prizes ( which had been awarded by Mr . J . M . Morgan , the founder of the institution ) were delivered to the following gentlemen : — £ 50 to the Reverend H . Smith , senior chaplain of the Parkhurst Prison ; £ 30 to the Reverend W . B . Ady , M . A ., vicar of Little Baddow ; £ 20 to the Reverend H . S . Finch , B . A ., curate of St . James ' s , Curtain-road , Shoreditch . After the reverend gentlemen had respectively acknowledged the compliment bestowed upon them , a vote of thanks was proposed , and passed , to Mr . Morgan and others who had exerted themselves in behalf of the

      society . The Honourable W . F . Oowper , in moving the adoption of the- report , dwelt upon the enlarged principle of cooperation as opposed to the more selfish and ungenerous one of competition . Cooperation was the favourite idea of all deep-thinking men at the present moment . It seemed the key which is destined to unlock the future . Mr . Walter Cooper then rose at the bottom of the

      room , and decl ared that , while he approved of the project of Mr . Morgan , he felt bound to say that preaching and praying would be of no use so long as the physical condition of the people remained so wretched , and their moral condition so debased , to which the reverend gentleman on the platform replied with great courtesy . After this incident the audience , chiefly ladies , left as rapidly as the rain would allow them .

      Untitled Article

      THE GORHAM CASE . In the Court of Exchequer , on Monday , judgment was delivered by the Lord Chief Bar on upon this case , the other judges present being Baron Rolfe , Baron Platt , and Baron Alderson . After citing the particulars of the case , he said : —The rule having been granted , cause was shown against it on the 29 th ultimo by the Attorney-General , Mr . Greenwood , and Mr . Cowling ; and on Monday and Tuesday last Sir Fitzroy Kelly , Mr . Martin , Mr . Peacock , and Mr . Badeley , were heard in support of the rule , and the question was whether the rule is to be made absolute or to be discharged . This involved two points : —1 .. Whether this is a case which touches the Crown ; for , if it do not touch the Crown , it is admitted the appeal to the Queen in Council is well founded . 2 . Whether in all cases

      ( touching or not touching the Crown ) there is an appeal from the Archbishop ' s Court to the Queen in Council ? If there be , then also the appeal to her Majesty in Council was authorized by law , and this rule could not be made absolute . His lordship then replied at length to the whole of the arguments , and finished by saying that , concurring with the other Courts of Westminster-hall , and , as far as he knew , with every judge of all the Courts , he did not think that he should be justified in creating the delay and expense of further proceedings with a view to take the opinion of the House of Lords , and their judgment was that the rule be discharged , with costs .

      Untitled Article

      THE EXHIBITION OF 1851 . A letter from the Commissioners of Woods and Forests to the Lords of the Treasury on the subject of the ground appropriated for the site of the Exhibition of 1851 has been printed . The conditions are very stringent : — " 1 . That the only entrance into the park which shall be used for the carriage of the materials , &c , for the proposed building shall be that called ' The Prince of Wales ' s Gate / " 2 . That the gateways inside and outside the park and the roadway in the park , to the extent of twenty-five yards on either side of the gates , shall be paved with granite at the expense of the Commissioners for the Exhibition , and to the satisfaction of this board . " 3 . That the ride called « The Queen ' s Ride' shall not

      be interfered with in any way , either by the construction of the works or during the progress of the exhibition . " 4 . That none of the existing drains in the park shall be interfered with so as to impede their action . " 5 . That no trees shall be cut or removed without the previous consent of this board . The sixth condition requires the time to be stated when the buildings will be removed , and if not removed , then the Woods and Forests to remove the same . " 7 . That when the building shall have been removed this board shall xeinstate the ground in its present condition , and that the commissioners of the exhibition shall defray the expense of such reinstatement . The commissioners also suggest a close hoarding round the space for the proposed building . "

      The commissioners for promoting the Exhibition of 1851 having decided on giving three bronze medals of different sizes and designs as prizes to exhibitors , they invited the artists of all countries to compete £ » r the designs of the reverses of such medals , offering a reward of £ 100 for each of the three best designs that should be accepted , and £ 50 for each of the three best that should not be accepted . The successful competitors for the £ 100 prizes are ; M . Hippolyte Bonnardel , of Paris , Mr . Leonard C . Wyon , of London , and Mr . G . G . Adam , of London ; for the £ 50 prizes , Mr . John Hancock , of London , M . L . Weiner , of Brussels , and M . Gayrard , of Paris .

      Untitled Article

      AERONAUTICS IN PARIS . Two remarkable balloon ascents have taken place at Paris during the last fortnight . The first ascent , on Saturday week , was for scientific purposes , but was not successful . The adventurers on this occasion were M . Barral , professor of chemistry , and M . Bixio , representative of the people , who went up from the Observatory , with the intention of making , in the highest regions it might be possible to attain , observations similar to those made by Gay-Lussac . The ascension took place at a quarter past ten o ' clock in the morning , in the presence of M . Arago , M .

      Regnault , M . Pelooze , M . Mathieu , and several other savans . The balloon was only two-thirds filled with gas , to allow for the dilation that takes place from the diminution of the atmospheric pressure in rising . But the network having been too small , various accidents occurred . The balloon first rose with extreme rapidity , and caused some inconvenience to the two gentlemen ; but at the height of between 2000 and 3000 metres , the dilation of the gas was so considerable that the network was too small . The balloon became elongated , and threatened to cause the gravest accidents . M . Barral thereupon seized

      his knife and made a large opening in the balloon , to let out the gas . This caused the balloon to descend with great rapidity to the region of the clouds . The sacks of ballast were then thrown out , which not only stopped the too rapid descent , but even caused the balloon to rise . The escape of gas , however , was not completely prevented , and the descent recommenced with such rapidity that the balloon soon reached the earth with a violent shock . Fortunately it fell in a field , planted with vines . It was carried

      some distance by the wind , but at last the two travellers were able to leave the car . M . Bixio was sound and safe , but M . Barral had his face cut , and was otherwise so injured that he had an attack of ' ever , which compelled him to take to his bed . The place in which the balloon fell was near the Strasburg Railway , in the arrondissement of Meaux , about eight leagues from Paris . Under the adverse circumstunces , none of the scientific experiments projected by the adventurous gentlemen were made .

      The second ascent , which took place last Sunday , was of a different kind . The announcement that M . Poiteven , the celebrated aeronaut , would ascend on horseback , the news of this novel exhibition

      attracted immense crowds to witness' it . ^ Upwards of ten thousand persons paid for admission to the Champ de Mars to witness the ascent , and outside , on the heights of Chaillol ^ &c , upwards of 150 , 000 individuals were collected , including a large number of carriages and horsemen . The President of the Republic was present , and . was received with great enthusiasm . The balloon was 15 metres in diameter , 47 in circumference , and 20 high , but . it only weighed 150 kilogrammes . It was a matter of considerable difficulty to fill the balloon with gas , owing to the violent wind which prevailed ; and , when it was filled , it was beaten to and fro so strongly that several of the spectators had to assist in holding it . At a little before six o ' clock the horse , a handsome dapple grey , was brought out . A stout cloth was placed round the body , and several straps passed over the shoulders and loins were united in rings , and by these rings the animal was attached by cords to the network of the balloon . A platform of basket-work , seven or eight feet above the horse , contained the ballast , and to this platform the aeronaut had access by means of a rope ladder . A cord , passing through an opening in the platform , enabled him to open the valve of the balloon . The aeronaut was dressed as a jockey , and had with him several bottles of wine and some bread . Some confusion was caused by the crowd attempting to force their way into the reserved place , but they were kept off by the soldiers . At length , at ten minutes past six , the horse was duly attached to the balloon , and M . Poiteven having mounted its back , the signal to rise was given . The horse plunged a little as it ? lost its footing , but , when fairly lifted from , the earth , it dropped its legs , as in the case when horses are slung for embarkation on shipboard . The balloon rose majestically over the Ecole Militaire , but at times the wind was so violent as to drive it in such a position that it appeared on a level with the aeronaut . The emotion of the spectators was very great , and one lady fainted . M . Poiteven displayed extroardinary sang-froid , and saluted with his cap and whip . After a while he was seen to leave his saddle and ascend by means of the ropeladder to the platform containing the ballast , in order to throw some of it away ; so as to rise higher . This done , he descended and again mounted the horse . There was no network or anything to protect him or the animal . The balloon went in the direction of Fontainebleau , and M . Poiteven intended to remain in the air about an hour . Several balloons were let off before M . Poiteven ascended , to ascertain the direction of the wind ; and some persons connected with him went off on horseback , in order to be able , if possible , to render him assistance in descending . The following is the account given by M . Poitevin himself of his balloon ascension on Sunday from the Champ-de-Mars : — " The agitated state of the atmosphere not allowing me to verify the ascensional force , I did so by supposition , and I thought it such , that I was certain to rise without any obstacle from the squalls which often blow in a downward direction . My precaution abundantly served me . I had great difficulty in moderating the too great ascensional power , which , in a few minutes , carried me to a height too considerable for the horse . There was a copious now of blood from his mouth , the result of the . rupture of the equilibrium , and the external and internal pressure which animals bear less easily than men . I passed through several counter-currents , which produced an almost constant rotatory movement . I found the cold almost insupportable , but I was , it is true , very lightly clothed . When well clear of the clouds , I saw some splendid rainbows , and other phenomena of the solar rays . About seven o ' clock I made preparations for descending , and in three quarters of an hour after my grapples were on the ground , but they did not take hold . I proceeded in this way for more than a league , when in spite of myself I arrived at the wood of Villemain , near the forest of La Lachelle , commune of Grisi , canton of Brie-Comte-Robert ( Seine-et-Marno . ) During this time my horse was close to the fields , and bit off the tops of the corn as he passed over it , and when passing over the high trees he cropped off their leaves . At length I was fortunate enough to put an end to this dangerous state of things . Seeing myself near the edge of a dry pond , I vigorously laid hold of a branch of a tree which grew near it , and , for an instant , checked the course of the balloon , and assistance being at hand , forty men laid hold of the ropes and it was safely secured . The balloon was emptied , and the only thing to be regretted is some slight injury to it , from coming in contact with the trees . The inhabitants of the place all hastened towards me , and the welcome I received was most satisfactory . M . Hubert , the proprietor of the Chateau of Lagrange-Leroy , was among the foremost to assist me . On arriving at Grisi , my horse and myself were paid the most distinguished honours . All the population of the place were assembled . There was a grand ball to which I was invited , and I went into the salle on my horse . At eleven o ' clock I left my entertainers , and took the road to the capital . "

      Untitled Article

      Svv * , 1850 . ] %%$ ftgafter . ^ 365

      Untitled Article

      Lieutenant Gale , in his Cremorne balloon , ascended from Shoreham , on Monday evening , his course being south-easterly . The wind was blowing moderately along the land , but shortly afterwards it flew round to the northward , when the balloon took her course across the channel . The intrepid aeronaut just discerned Beachey Head at the close of evening , and darkness succeeding , he imagined that he was proceeding up channel . For upwards of three hours the greatest anxiety was felt by

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), July 13, 1850, page 365, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1846/page/5/