Current:

Leader (1850-1860), 3rd August 1850, Edition Town of 1, Page 454, Untitled Article

Page 454
Page 22
22 of 24

On this page

  • Departments (2)
    • flatter3 nf &&ct
    • -r nrr== —— _ ^ = . ^ . . ^ ~ .. " /frnfrttttTU«i*trr I f^l i+ ry^ir V!bUllUU£HUU /ClUuIla*.
  • Text (14)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Flatter3 Nf &&Ct

      matters nf &ztU

      Untitled Article

      PAUPERISM IN ENGLAND . The French poor-law commission sent by the Paris Ministry to report on English pauperism , has just published a document of more than ordinary interest : it is a report on the financial results of the Poor-law Amendment Act . The report is brought down to the close of 1 S-19 The last was a favourable year in many respects . Provisions of all kinds were cheaper than in preceding years Wheat , for instance , which had averaged in the previous years 53 s ., 59 s ., and 64 s ., was then selling at 49 s . the quarter . Meat , salted provisions , butter , and cheese were all equally low ; the modifications in the tariff having permitted their admission free , or at nominal duties . The necessaries of life were thus much easier to command in this period . On the other hand , the country was at the same time recovering : from the terrible depression in which the crisis of 1845 had left it . The Continent also was still suffering from the effects of the excitement and changes of 1848 — a circumstance which must have tended to the advantage of English industry . Its statistics thus show a great increase of exports for the year 1849 . Thus there existed a concurrence of favourable circumstances—provisions cheap , losses regained , employment more abundant ; such are the general facts which distinguish 1849 from , anterior years . From these considerations it should follow that a great diminution of pauperism ought to be exhibited in the poor law report for 1849 . That which we find stated is , however , far inferior to what we might have expected . Thus , for England and Wales ( Ireland not being included in the report ) , we see that the sum appropriated to the relief of the poor amounted to 145 millions ( francs . ) Certainly if we compare this sum with the

      expenditure of 1848 , we discover a reduction of ten millions * But 1848 was an exceedingly bad year . What strikes us is that in 1849 , in the midst of the favourable circumstances we have noticed , the expenditure has exceeded the average of 1834 , 1835 , and 1836 , the average of which was 143 millions . It is from 1834 that the great revolution was effected in the English poor-law system . In Henry the Eighth ' s time public relief was measured by the wants of the applicant . Then , in consequence of the abuse to which the best institutions are liable , the law was made and applied in such a spirit that it tended to increase pauperism instead of diminishing it , and 200 millions were not sufficient for the annual

      relief to the indigent . A committee of the House of Commons reported on this subject as follows : — " From the progress of the evil hitherto , there is reason to believe that , unless an efficacious remedy can be found and applied , the expenditure for the relief of the poor will go on increasing until the poor-rate will absorb the revenues of the estates on which they are levied ; and that the consequent abandonment of agriculture and the destruction of accumulated property will lead to the subversion of that happy condition of society which has so long characterized * Great Britian . " At this cry of alarm opinion was excited , and , passing from one excess to another , Parliament enacted the hardest and most restrictive

      conditions for the administration of poor-law relief . Ihis new system received its completion in 1834 . In the first years of its operation a considerable saving was effected , and it was thought that this would become still greater us the new measure got more thoroughly into work . The new system , however , has now been in operation fifteen years , and to-day we may be permitted to express an opinion upon the result , without being considered rash . But the great saving which was promised is nowhere to be found . England has had the odium of rigour in the treatment of her poor without the compensation of profit . For , as we have seen , under all the favourable circumstances of 1819 , the expenditure has been 145 millions , while in 1834 , 1835 , and 1836 the average wns only 143 millions . Such a result is by no means satisfactory . The same document informs us

      that on the 1 st of July , 1849 , the number of poor in receipt of relief was about a million , that is to say , one pauper in forty of the whole population . This is too Ljroat a proportion in a country where there are so many resources , and where commerce , manufactures , and employments offer so many openings to human activity . But in Ireland it is still worse . There , pauper legislation operates in such a manner that one-third of the population is crushed beneath a load of taxation that ihe other two thirds may not be left to perish of hunger . It is nuitlieniiitioally demonstrated that those who can pay tlu > enormous amount of taxes which is required of them are c-auli day approaching the abyss of pauperism , and , before long , follow one another to its depths . The eight millions oi Irish will thus be cast upon the charity of England—of England whose car is already so deaf to the cry of her own poor .

      Untitled Article

      Ha it . wav TitAFnc . —It appears , from a return printed by order of the House of Commons , that the passenger and goods trullic ! on nil the railways in the United Kingdom iluritiff the yuir l > Ui ) , amounted to £ 11 , 800 , 498 , of whic'h £ 15 , 277 , ^) 2 was for passengers , and £ 5 , 528 , 006 for goods , i-attlo , parrels , mails , &c . The total number of passi-iigrrs conveyed during the year was 03 , 81 l ,. ) 39 , of which 7 ) 2 !) 2 , sn were first class passengers , 23 , 521 , 050 were second class , 15 , 1 ! 8 < 5 , « M 1 wore third class , 17 , 203 , 411 class The

      run by each class , it would throw some light on the management of the traffic , and probably tend to correct some erroneous notions with regard to the number of trains which the directors of some of the lines consider necessary . The total receipts for the half year ending the 30 th June , 1849 , amounted to £ 5 , 455 , 937 , and for the half year ending the 31 st December , 1849 , £ 6 , 350 , 561 ; together , £ 11 , 806 , 498 . The number of miles open on the 30 th June , 1849 , was 5447 , and on the 31 st December , 1849 , 6031 ; showing an increase of mileage during the half year of 584 miles . From these returns it would

      appear that the average traffic amounted to £ 2053 per mile per annum , being at the rate of £ 39 10 s . per mile per week . The published returns for the half year ending the 29 th June last show that £ 5 , 128 , 126 had been received on 5514 miles of railway , being at the rate of £ 1077 per mile for the half-year . The published traffic receipts for the corresponding period of 1849 amounted to £ 5 , 122 , 838 , upon 4711 miles , being at the average rate of £ 1117 per mile for the half-year . Judging from the present traffic on the railways in the United Kingdom , it is probable that the total receipts will not be much less than £ 13 , 000 , 000 for 1850 .

      The Manufacture of Soap . —Some returns relating to soap have been printed by order of the House of Commons . In Great Britain , in the year ending 5 th of January last , the quantities of soap made numbered 1 , 440 , 8341 b . of silicated soap ; 178 , 543 , 6881 b . of other hard soap ; and 17 , 447 , 581 lb . of soft soap . In the year , 195 , 570 lb . of hard soap , and 4608 lb . of soft soap were imported into Great Britain from Ireland , the duty on which was £ 1383 11 s . 3 d . There were only seven convictions for defrauding the revenue . The number of licences granted to soapmakers was 328 , of which 152 were resident in England , 23 in Scotland , and 153 in Ireland .

      parhamciUi . vy , and lM ^/ iS mixed . gross receipts lor the first , class passengers during tho year amounted to ¦ £ 1 !)' . 17 . 7 < SX ; for tho second class , £ 2 , 5 : 50 , 908 ; Ym ' ,,. ' . ' L ' . ' 1 Hllss ' £ 7 ll , oi > 2 ; Cor tlioparlinmcntary class , i . l , IOI , SM ; and for the mixed , £ ' 2 C > 7 S . These returns sliuvv thnt the parliamentary class continue * to increase considerably ; | ov , at nun period , tho third-class pns-« crig . ; rs ^ i }« M ^ * M ,,,,.. 1 , move , l the parliamentary ; naw fxtApu « -. aftrhat . while tho third class , in 18 If ) , pro diwwd iw l | , M ) 2 Mh « parliamontiiry produced £ 1 , 101 , 884 . If the rail \> Hiy tfftkunusioncrs were to give the milenge

      Untitled Article

      HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General's Returns . ) This return , in connection with the two previous , indicates a continuous increase in the mortality of the metropolitan districts . The deaths , which in the two preceding weeks were successively 781 , 863 , rose last week to 898 . In the corresponding weeks of nine years ( 1840-8 ) the lowest number occurred in 1843 , and was 749 ; the highest in 184 S , when it was 1201 ; but last year in the same week the deaths rose to 1931 , when pestilence rapidly multiplied its victims . The average of the corresponding weeks of ten years ( 1840-9 ) is 1022 , which , with a correction for increase of population , becomes 1115 . The 898 deaths of last week , therefore , show a decrease on the latter number amounting to 217 ; but it will be observed that the average is in part founded on the aggravated mortality of last year . The numbers from diarrhoea in the last four weeks have been successively 40 , 37 , 51 , and 104 . Of the 104 persons who died of it last week , 84 were infants under 1 year , 14 were 1 year old and under 60 , and 6 were 60 years of age and upwards . Last week 13 deaths were ascribed to cholera , showing an increase , when compared with those of the previous returns ; but an investigation of the cases as detailed in the registers proves that in a certain proportion of them it was the common English form of the complaint . At the Royal Observatory , Greenwich , the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29 . 691 inches . The mean temperature was 63 . 4 degrees , about 2 degrees above the average of the same week for seven years . On Monday and Tuesday , when the temperature was highest , the means were respectively 69 degrees and 72 degrees , and were from 8 to 11 degrees above the average of the same days . The temperature then declined , and on the last three days the mean was below the average . Ten Week 3 Week of 1839-19 . of 1 X 50 . Zymotic Diseases .. .. .. .. 3315 .... 272 Dropsy , Cancer , and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat .. .. .. 479 .... 37 Tubercular Diseases .. 1920 .... 170 Diseases of tho Brain , Spinal Marrow , Nerves , and Senses .. .. .. .. 1179 .... 104 Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels .. 249 .... 33 Diseases of the Lungs and of the other Organs of Inspiration 77 G .... 74 Diseases of the Stomach , Liver , and other Organs of Digestion .. .. .. 753 .... 52 Discuses of the Kidneys , &c ,. 86 .... 14 Childbirth , diseases of the Uterus , &c . .. 97 .... 8 Rheumatism , diseases of the Bones , Joints , Diseases of the Skin , Cellular Tissue , ' &c . ! " 8 . * . "" 1 Malformations .. .. .. .. .. 21 .... 6 Premature Birth and Debility .. .. 228 .... 31 Atrophy 235 .... 27 Age 435 .... 31 Sudden 84 .... I Violence , Privation , Cold , and Intemperance 235 .... 28 Total ( including unspecified causes ) .. 10 , 217 808

      Untitled Article

      454 ffi |) £ $ L 0 & 1 f € t * [ Saturday ,

      -R Nrr== —— _ ^ = . ^ . . ^ ~ .. " /Frnfrtttttu«I*Trr I F^L I+ Ry^Ir V!Bulluu£Huu /Cluuila*.

      Connnwrioi Sto .

      Untitled Article

      MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE . Friday . The apathy which prevails in the political world seems to have lent its influence to the Money Market , which has been almost without variation during the present ¦ week . On Monday the English Funds were firm , and closed at a slight advance , the more settled appearance of the weather having tended to restore tho tone of the market . On the following day there was no alteration of prices , but Consols were dealt in only to a very small extent , and the principal business was for present transfer . The market generally was weak , and prices were barely supported . The quotations on Wednesday showed a tendency to advance . At one timo they were 97 to 97 i , but closing prices were the same as those of the previous day .

      On Thursday the market was not quite so firm and prices gave way about an eighth . Consols opened at 96 | to 97 , and left off at 96 f to 96 f . Yesterday the market exhibited no symptoms of improvement and Consols closed at 96 2 to 96 f . ' The fluctuations of the English Stock Market during last week have been very limited . Consols , 96 | to 971 Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents ., 99 J to 99 1 ; Bank Stock 211 to 212 ; Exchequer Bills , 67 s . to 70 s . premium . ' The foreign stock market has been a little more active this week , but no great improvement has taken place in prices . The latest sales have been at the prices marked : Brazilian , New , at 91 £ ; Chilian , 102 £ and 103 ; Danish Five per Cents , 103 ; Ecuador , 3 jj ; Granada , 18 | Mexican , for account , 30 4 and 29 f ; Peruvian Four-anda-Half per Cents ., 822- and £ ; Portuguese Four per Cents ., 33 £ ex div . ; Russian , lllg ; the Four-and-ahalf per Cents ., 96 § ; Spanish Three per-Cents ., 37 J Venezuela , 35 | and 35 ; the Deferred , 12 $ '; Dutch Twol and-a-Half per Cents ., 574 » and the Four per Cent . Certificates , 89 . } and \ .

      Untitled Article

      SHARES . Last Official Quotation for the Week ending Friday Evening . Railways . Banks . Caledonian .. .. 73 Australasian .. .. — Edinburgh and Glasgow 24 British Worth American — Eastern Counties .. 0 $ Colonial .. ... .. — Great Northern .. .. 8 § Commercial of London .. — Great North of England 242 London and Westminster 27 GreatS . &W . ( Ireland ) 30 London Joint Stock .. 17 g Great Western .. .. 58 £ National of Ireland .. — Hull and Selby .. .. 98 National Provincial .. — Lancashire and Yorkshire 38 Provincial of Ireland .. — Lancaster and Carlisle 51 Union of Australia .. — Lond ., Brighton , &S . Coast 81 Union of London .. — London and Black wall .. 4 g MINES . London and N .-Western 111 Bolanos — Midland 34 Brazilian Imperial .. — Noxth British .. .. 5 g Ditto , St . John del Rey 14 South-Eastern and Dover 14 Cobru Copper .. .. — South-Western .. .. 09 . } Miscellaneous . York . Newcas ., & Bei-wick 14 J Australian Agricultural — York and North Midland 15 ;} Canada — Docks . General Steam .. .. ~~ East and West India .. — Penins . &Oriental Steam - — London — Royal Mail Steam .. " St . Katharine .. .. — South Australian .. —

      Untitled Article

      GRAIN , Mark-lane , August 2 . Wheat , R . New 40 s . to 42 s . Maplo 29 s . to 30 s . Fine 43 -44 White , Sg -26 Old 42 -41 Boilers 27 —88 White 44 — -IB J ' . eans , Ticks . .. 2 (> —27 Vine 42 —11 Old 27 — 88 Superior New 48 — f > 2 Indian Corn .... 27 — 2 J RVt . 23 —24 Outs , Feed 1 « —17 Barley 19 — - <> !•'' " «« .... 17 — \* Malting 23 -24 Poland IS -I M alt , Orel 48 — 4 S » Kino .... }» - ~ Fine 19 — * W Potato 1 -M 0 Pcas IIoff 88 — au l- ' ino .... 20 -SI

      Untitled Article

      FOREIGN FUNDS . ( Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening . ) Austrian 5 per Cents . — Mexican 5 per Ct . Ace . 29 ^ Belgian Bds ., 4 g p . Ct . 91 § Small .. .. — Brazilian 5 per Cents . 92 ; t Neapolitan 5 per Cents . — Buenos Ayres 0 p . Cts . 56 $ Peruvian 4 $ per Cents . 823 Chilian 6 per Cents . .. 103 Portuguese 5 pei * Cent . — Equador Bonds .. 3 | 4 per Cts . 33 J Danish 3 per Cents . .. — Annuities — Dutch 24 per Cents ... 57 * Russian , 1822 , 5 p . Cta . — 4 per Cents . .. 89 ] Span . Actives , 5 p . Cts . — French 5 p . C . An . atParis 96 . 90 Passive .. 3 J 3 p . Cts ., Aug . 2 .. 58 . 10 Deferred .. —

      Untitled Article

      Satur . Mond . Tues . i Wedn . Thurs . Frid . Bank Stock .... 212 2 ll | 212 212 212 3 per Ct . Red .. 9 ~ i 97 § 97 § 97 £ 97 £ 97 + 3 p . C . Con . Ans . 9 «| 97 96 | 97 96 * 9 G . { 3 d C An l' * 20 —— __ ——— ——3 p . ' ct . Con . > Ac . 96 | 97 9 ( 51 97 962 96 J 3 f p . Cent . An . 99 £ 9 J 99 * 99 J U 9 ] 99 New 5 per Cts . —— LongAns ., 1860 . S 5-16 8 5-16 8 ;{ 8 5-16 8 Ind . St . 10 . ip . ct . 270 27 L 270 Ditto Bonds .. 89 89 89 92 89 Ex . Bills , 1000 J . 67 p 70 p 70 p 70 p 70 p 70 p Ditto , 5 Mo . .. 67 p 70 p 70 p 70 p 70 p 70 p Ditto , Small 67 p 70 p 70 p 70 p 70 p 70 p

      Untitled Article

      BRITISH FUNDS FOR THE PAST WEEK . ( Closing Prices . )

      Untitled Article

      An Account , pursuant to the Act 7 th and 8 th Victoria , cap . 32 for the week ending on Saturday , the 27 th of July , 1850 . ISSUE DEPARTMENT . £ £ Notes issued .... 30 , 181 , 795 Government Debt , 11 , 015 , 100 Other Securities .. 2 , 984 , 'JOO Gold . Coin and Bullion 15 , 962 , 537 Silver Bullion .... 219 , 258 £ 30 , 181 , 795 £ 30 , 181 , 795 BANKING DEPARTMENT . £ £ Proprietors'Capital . 14 , 553 , 000 Government Secu-Rest 3 , 187 , 155 rities ( including PublicDeposits ( in- Dead-weight Ancluding Exche- nuity ) 14 , 285 , 583 quer , Savings * Other Securities ,. 10 , 166 , 075 Ban ks , Commis- Notes 9 , 421 , 020 sioners of National Gold and Silver Debt , and Divi- Coin 659 , 926 dend Accounts ) .. 5 , 022 , 745 Other Deposits .... 10 , 404 , 440 Seven-day andother Bills 1 , 365 , 264 £ 34 , 532 ^ 604 £ 34 . 532 , 604 Dated Aug . 1 , 1850 . M . MarshAix . Chief Cashier .

      Untitled Article

      BANK OF ENGLAND . ^

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 3, 1850, page 454, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1849/page/22/