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fury of the mob , consequent upon their refusal , in common with many others , to take the oath required by the constitution . Much personal courage was on this occasion displayed by the Duke de Chartres , and equal tact in guiding the feelings of an enraged mob . A similar amount of courage was shown by him in saving from drowning a M . de Siret , of Vendome , sub-engineer in the Office of Roads and Bridges , and a civic crown was presented to him by the municipal body of the town .
In August , 1791 , the Duke de Chartres quitted Vendome with his regiment , bound for Valenciennes . In April , 1792 , war being declared against Austria , the Duke made his first campaign . He fought at Valmy at the head of the troops confided to him by Kellerman , on the 20 ih of September , 1792 , and afterwards on the 6 th of November , under Daraourier , at Jemappes . During the period in . which the Duke de Chartres was engaged in his military operations the Revolution was hastening to its crisis . The decree of banishment against the Bourbon Capet race , so soon afterwards repealed , seems to
have alarmed the mind of the Duke , who earnestly besought his father to seek an asylum on a foreign shore , urging the unhappiness of his having to sit as a judge of Louis XVI . The Duke of Orleans paid no attention to these remonstrances , and , finding that his persuasions were of no avail , the Duke de Chartres returned to his post in the army . The execution of the Duke of Orleans soon afterwards verified the melancholy anticipations of the son . He was put to death on the 21 st of January , 1793 . Exactly seven months after the death of his father , the Duke de Chartres was summoned before
the Committee of Public Safety , and , knowing the sanguinary nature of that tribunal , he instantly fled towards the frontiers , In spite of the eager pursuit which was commenced he escaped into the Belgian Netherlands , then in the possession of Austria . ^ The Austrian authorities invited him to enter their service , but , honourably refusing to take up arms against his country , he retired into private life . Adelaide , Mademoiselle d'Orleans , fled into the same country with her preceptress , Madame de Genlis , and met her brother at Schaffhausen , and accompanied him to Zurich . On his arrival in the town of Zurich the
Duke de Chartres found the French emigrants unfavourably disposed towards the house of Orleans , and the magistrates of the canton dreaded to afford refuge to the fugitives , fearing the vengeance of France . Quitting , therefore , as privately as possible , the town of Zurich , they proceeded to Zug , where they hired a small house . Being quickly discovered , they obtained , by the intercession of M . de Montesquiou , admission into the convent of St . Claire , near Baumgarten , the Duke de Chartres proceeding through the different countries of Europe , by no means well provided with means , and mainly indebted to his own tact and abilities for the means of
subsistence . After visiting Basle , where he sold his horses , he proceeded through Switzerland , accompanied by his attached servant Baudoin . The means of the unhappy traveller daily decreased , and it was literally a question of whether the young duke should labour for his daily bread , when a letter from M . de Montesquiou informed him that he had procured for him the situation of teacher in the Academy of Reichenau—a village in the south-eastern portion of Switzerland . Travelling to that locality he was examined as to his proficiency , and ultimately appointed , although less than twenty years of age . He here assumed the name of Chabaud Latour , and here , for the first time , he learned the fate of his father .
In consequence of some agitation in the Grisons , Mademoiselle d'Orleans quitted her retreat at Baumfarte n , and retired to the protection of her aunt , the rincess of Conti , in Hungary . At the same time M . de Montesquiou offered the Duke de Chartres an asylum in his own house at Baumgarten , where he remained under the name of Corby until the end of 1794 , when , in consquence of his retreat being discovered , he quitted the place . The fugitive now attempted to go to America , and , resolving to embark at Hamburgh , he arrived in that
city in the beginning of 1795 . In consequence of his funds failing him , he abandoned his project . Being provided with a letter of credit on a banker at Copenhagen he travelled on foot through Norway and Sweden , reaching the North Cape in August , 1795 . Here he remained for a short time , returning to Tomes , going thence to Abo and traversing Finland , but avoiding Russia from a fear of the Empress Catherine . After completing his travels through Norway and Sweden , and , having been recognized at Stockholm , he travelled to Denmark under an assumed
name . Negotiations were now opened on the part of the Directory , who had in vain attempted to discover the place of the young Prince ' s exile , to induce him to go to the United States , promising , in the event of his compliance , that the condition of the Duchess d'Orleans should be ameliorated , and that his younger brothers should be permitted to join him . Through the agency of M . Westford , of Hamburgh , this letter was conveyed to the Duke , who at once accepted the terms ottered , and sailed from the mouth
of the Elbe in the American , taking with him his servant Baudoin . He departed on the 24 th of September , 1796 , and arrived in Philadelphia after a passage of twenty-seven days . In the November following the young Prince was ioined by his two brothers after a stormy passage from Marseilles , and the three brothers remained at Philadelphia during the winter . They afterwards visited Mount Vernon , where they became intimate with General Washington , and they soon afterwards travelled through the western country , and after a long and fatiguing journey they returned to Philaafterwards to Orleans
delphia ; proceeding New , and subsequently by an English ship to Havannah . The disrespect of the Spanish authoiities soon compelled them to depart , and they proceeded to the Bahama Islands , where they were treated with much kindness by the Duke of Kent , who , however , did not feel authorized to give them a passage to England in a British frigate . They accordingly embarked for New York , and thence sailed to England in a private vessel , arriving at Falmouth in February , 1800 . After proceding to London they took up their residence at Twickenham , where for some time they enjoyed comparative quiet , being treated with distinction by all classes of society . Here , however , their tranquillity was not undisturbed , for , hearing that the Duchess
d'Orleans was detained in Spain , they solicited and obtained from the English Government permission to travel to Minorca in an English frigate . The disturbed state of Spain at that time prevented the accomplishment of their object , and after a harrassing journey the three brothers returned to Twickenham . Their time was now principally passed in study , and no event of any importance disturbed their retreat until the death of the Duke de Montpensier , on the 18 th of May , 1807 . The Prince was interred in Westminster Abbey . The health of the Count Beaujolais soon afterwards began to decline in the same manner as that of his brother . He was ordered to visit a warmer climate , and accordingly proceeded to Malta , where he died in 1808 . He was buried in the church of St . John de Valetta .
The Duke of Orleans now quitted Malta , and went to Messina , in Sicily , accepting an invitation from King Ferdinand . During his residence at Palermo he gained the affections of the Princess Amelia , and , with the consent of the King and the Duchess of Orleans , he was married to her in 1809 . No event of any material importance marked the life of the young couple until the year 1814 , when it was announced in Palermo that Napoleon had abdicated the throne and that the restoration of the Bourbon family was about to take place . The Duke sailed immediately , and arrived in Paris on the 18 th
of May , where , in a short time , he was in the enjoyment of all the honours to which he was entitled . The return of Napoleon , in 1815 , soon disturbed his tranquillity ; and , having sent his family to England , he proceeded , in obedience to the command of Louis XVIII ., to take the command of the army of the north . He remained in this situation until the 24 th of March , 1815 , when he resigned his command to the Duke de Treviso , and retired to Twickenham . On the return of Louis , after the hundred days—in obedience to the ordinance issued , requiring all the princes of the blood to
take their seats in the Chamber of Peers — the Duke returned to France in 1815 . The first proposition made by the House of Peers on behalf of the restored crown was , that all who had taken part in the revolution should be visited with extreme punishment . Louis Philippe , in his place in Parliament , protested loudly and indignantly against the measure , and , at his instigation , the motion was rejected . Louis XVIII ., considerably disgusted , forbade princes of the blood to appear in the Chamber of Peers . The Duke of Orleans retired into seclusion , and revenged himself upon the Court by entering his eldest son in one of the public colleges as a simple citizen .
King of the French , swore to govern only by the laws . It was a great oath . ... However amiable some of his private qualities might be , it was soon found that , in his public capacity , Louis Philippe was not acceptable to the French nation . The numerous attempts made to assassinate him are sufiiciently familiar . He would not give wa } to the advancing spirit of the age , and year by yeai his Government became more and more corrupt and unpopular . With a great private fortune and 8 debtHis tradesmen
liberal civil list , he yet ran into . were continually applying to him for payment . He owed his fruiterers 95 , 000 francs , and his baker ai Neuilly , 25 , 000 francs . No man possessed in a higher degree the mania of heaping provisions , purchasing without measure , and generally without choice . The cellars of Neuilly contained 75 , 000 bottles of 150 different kinds of wines , and upwards of 1200 full hogsheads . The bronze stores of Villiers were filled with a sufficient quantity of works of art , small statues , clocks , various ornaments in gilt bronze
and others , to furnish three palaces . At last the period of his . downfal came . He opposed the reforms loudly demanded , and his subsequent fate is familiar to all . His flight from Paris to the sea-shore ; his escape in disguise to England ; his kind reception in this country , are well known . Claremont was given to him as an abode , and there , -with the exception of some weeks' sojourn at Richmond , and a season spent at St . Leonard ' s , Louis Philippe continued to reside . Here , too , he breathed his last on the morning of the 26 th of August .
In 1830 , fighting again took place in the streets of Paris . Whilst Charles X . was playing a rubber of whist at St . Cloud , Louis Philippe was nervously watching the issue of a more intricate game at the Palace of Neuilly . Negotiators soon arrived at that chateau . The Duchess of Orleans expressed the greatest indignation when it was proposed that her husband should violate his allegiance to the King , but Madame Adelaide , the Duke ' s sister , took another view of the matter . She spoke feelingly when she said , " Let them m * ke my brother a President , a National Guard , or anything they please , provided
they do not make him an exile or an outlaw . " Louis Philippe entered Paris on the 30 th of July , 1830 , late at night , in a state of painful uncertainty . The friends of the Republic had threatened to shoot all who dared speak of a Monarchy . Odillon Barrot , to silence all such Republicans , nit upon a happy sentence , the force of which he has since , perhaps , found reason to question : —*• The best ot Republicans , " said he , " is the Duke of Orleans ! " too the deputies thought , for they created him lieutenantgeneral of the kingdom , and from that to the thione was scarcely a step . On the 9 th of August the great freat grandson of the Regent grasped the sceptre oi ranee . In the presence of God , Louis Philippe ,
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THE PEACE CONGRESS . The long-announced congress of the friends of universal peace commenced its sittings in St . Paul ' s Church , Frankfort , on Thursday week . Shortly after ten o ' clock the president of the Congress , M . Jaup , lately Prime Minister of Hesse Darmstadt , took the chair . On the benches more immediately surrounding him might be distinguished the following gentlemen of note : —M . Bonnet , Pastor of the Reformed Church at Frankfort ; M . Carm 6 nin , Deputy of the
National Assembly , Pans ; M . Emile de Cxirardm , Deputy of the National Assembly and editor of La JPresse , Paris ; M . Visschers , President of the Congress at Brussels , 1848 ; Dr . Varentrapp , M . D ., Frankfort ; Dr . Spiess , M . D ., Frankfort ; Mr . Richard Cobden , M . P . ; Mr . Charles Hindley , M . P . ; Mr . Elihu Burritt ; Mr . Joseph Sturge ; Rev . Dr . Hall , Professor in Amherst College , U . S . ; Dr . Cleveland , Professor in Philadelphia , U . S . ; Mr . Lawrence Heyworth , M . P . ; Mr . J . B . Smith , M . P . ; Rev . John Burnet ; Dr . Lee ( Hartwell ); &c . &q . ,
A sufficient proof of the interest excited in Frankfort by this novel assembly was shown in the crowded attendance of its citizens ; and we further learn from the local press that up to the evening preceding its session , more than 2000 visitors' tickets were issued , and that these were by no means equal to the demand . On each day the Congress met at ten a . m ., and adjourned at three p . m ., with the exception of the last sitting , which was protracted till nearly five o ' clock . The number of German delegates present was about eighty ; a considerable proportion of whom were from Frankfort . The prevalence of three different languages gave a novelty to the proceedings , and bespoke the cosmopolitan character of the Congress .
The plan of proceedings differed slightly from that followed by the Paris Congress . On that occasion various elaborate papers were read , which gave somewhat of a formal air to its deliberations . At Frankfort , set discourses were discarded , and speeches only allowed—a plan which gave it a more sustained ana varied interest . The most prominent speakers on the first day were Pastor Bonnet , a
popular minister of the French Reformed Church in Frankfort , M . Cormenin , member of the French Legislative Assembly , and well known as a clever writer under the pseudonym of *« Timon . " M . Emile Girardin and M . Visschers , the latter , in the course of a very sensible and judicious speech , made a happy allusion to the settlement of the civil war in the Netherlands by a Congress as an example of the practicability of such methods of ending international
disputes . Two American delegates took part in the first day's proceedings—the Reverend H . Garnet , a minister of colour , whose very hearty reception was a proof that the sympathies of the audience were not bounded by the colour of a man ' s skin ; and Professor Cleveland , of New York , who , in lieu of a speech , read an eloquent address to the Congress from the Committee of the Peace Society of Pennsylvania . Mr . Cobden and General Haynau were the heroes
of the first day s proceedings . Soon after the opening of the Congress , it was whispered about amongst a select few that no less a person than the great butcher of the Hungarian patriots , and the would-be military dictator of that unhappy country , had appeared , unbidden , within the walls of St . Paul ' s Church , and was looking down from the elevated gallery upon the singular assemblage beneath . The rumour was correct . There , indeed , sat Haynau
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Aug . 31 , 1850 . J ® & * $ , *** $ * . 531
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 31, 1850, page 531, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1851/page/3/
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