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    jSKtftt ^ AWstwaas British and French creditors . " Every day brings us nearer to that tear of prtn-< ivle 7 ' slys the jjfe ZVm * ,, -which one of our own 1 afes ' men W ago predicted as the inevitable destiny of Spe . - And then referring to the Whig share fo The " Von Beck" mystery , and expressing its desire to be charitable in construing the expression " foreign branch of the English police , " it winds up with an ominous doubt : — "If it should turn out that the Whig , Government has really been maintaining a horde of spies for the benefit of the Continental despots , to watch and betray the exiles who have sought refuge on our shores , that C * overmnent will have reached a depth of official infamy and humiliation to which we had thought it impossible for any EDglish administration to sink . ' The Lincolnshire Chronicle is engaged on an

    electioneering topic , fighting the Stamford Mercury , which , advocates the reelection of Sir Montague Cholmondeley . Apparently the editors do not fight in person , but mysterious correspondents iurnisn tne polemics in the leading columns . In the Nottingham Mercury there is a thoughtful paper on the laws of settlement and removal , suggested by the late report of Mr . George Coode to the Poor Law Board : — " Though we are quite of opinion that , were the power of removal of native paupers by warrant entirely abolishedthe remaining portion of the lawempowering ; the

    , . emovpl of I rish , Scotch , and Channel Island paupers would speedily have to undergo considerable modification , yet we can scarcely see it necessary that the abolition of this part of the law of settlement and removal should proceed , side by side , with the abolition of the law affecting our native population . Such , however , is the rooted objection we have to this tyrannical statute , that if it was found impossible that the law affecting the removal of one class could not be repealed without the necessity of abolishing that which affects the other class , W would risk all the disadvantages , anticipated to arise

    from the non-removal of Irish , Scotch , snd Channel Island paupers , rather than have the labouring population of England longer exposed to the grinding oppressions of this partial and unjust law . " The advance made in social questions is shown by the notice which the excellent lectures of Mr . "William Coningham have attracted . The latest is in the Birmingham Journal , from which we cut the following : — " We have before given reason for our belief that the cooperative system has not only always failed but always would fail amongst us , even if it should become general , ¦ which we hold to be impossible ; but we rejoice at the

    opportunity of showing from the source named that the cooperative principle as developed in France is not the destructive and demoralised thing it is represented by certain writers here ; and that it is altogether fallacious to suppose that our working classes would necessarily be irreligious and anarchical if the cooperative principle were more prevalent amongst them . As to the incendiarism and depravity manifested among some of the so-called organs of the industrial masses , as quoted by the Times

    beforementioned , similar proofs of exceptional rascality might be obtained in infinitely greater abundance ten , twenty , and thirty years ago , as was proved before the Newspaper Stamp Committee of last Session beyond all doubt , improvement on that score being every day more conspicuous . The evidence and opinions of a gentleman in Mr . Coningham ' s position are worth something ; and as a contribution to a vital question in social philosophy , and one that will need our best attention very frequently for the time to come , we gi * e the eubstance of his experience without further comment . "

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    FREEHOLD LAND MEETING . Two considerable meetings connected with the freehold land movement took p lace on Tuesday ; one at Kingsland , mid the other at Lambeth ; and a meeting of the Westminster Society on Wednesduy . The first wus large , and Mr . James Taylor , of Birmingham , delivered one of hie characteristic speeches : — " In Birmingham the society had existed just four yours ; they had made 1100 allotments ; they had 3004 shares , and lnul taken in one day last week nearly £ 1000 . They had now near £ 20 , 000 worth of lnnd ready to divide , which would make 700 or 800 allotments more . They had been ridiculed at first , amongst others by Mr . Newdegatc , M . P . ; but he had ceased to ridicule them now , for he knew ho should lose his seat at the next election . Land which was offered by retail at 3 a . 6 d . per yard had been bought by the Bociety for Is . Id . per

    yard . { Hear , hear .. ) 1 he estate hud been allotted , and one lot which coHt £ 17 had been Hold since for £ 50 . One man who had three lots , which bad cost him £ 60 , had let them oil'on a building lease for 09 years at a reserved rent of £ H 14 h . per unnum . ( Hear , hear . ) One of the last rntatiiH they had purchased was in the borough of Birmingham : it cost the members 2 h . ljd . per yard , or £ 24 a lot , and the lotH had let from Aba . to 80 s . a year . A hoHlilc nurveyor had Maud in the revising lmiri « ter '« court that r . one of this land wan worth lens than / 3 h . a yard , though it had only coat the members 2 a . ljd . The societies in Coventry and Wolverhampton hud been equally successful . Another feature of these nocieticH was the political one . He had now a vote for Hcve-ii counties , and should i / osses * other three next year . At the next election he should have the pleasure of voting either for or against Mr . Dioracli if he Btood gain for Buckinghamshire . ( Htar ) This wae the

    reverse of all other movements in one respect , for it attained its object , not by expending , but by saving money . The Birmingham Society alone had created six hundred county voters ; let the London societies proceed in the same way , and they would soon be able to give notice to quit to those obstructors of improvement the present bounty members . ( Cheers . ) The Chairman ' statement , that nearly a million of money had been , subscribed by these societies was considerably under the mark : taking JheaVeraSvalue of the shares at £ 30 , the amount was nearTtw ? rn » H <> nsandahalf . ( Hear hear . ) Workingmen should recollect that a quart of ale was equal to half a yard of land . ( Hear , hearj He had stated this to a meeting of working-men at Dudley , when one of them exclaimed in his peculiar dialect—" Than , Oy 11 tell yoa ITt Oy ' ve swallowed monny a field . ' ( " Cheers " and laughter . )"

    The Lambeth meeting was held to celebrate the taking possession of a plot of ground , recently purchased by the Lambeth Freehold Land Society , and took place on the West Kent Estate , situated near the Forest-hill Railway Station . The society was established in October last ; the number of shareholders is 600 , by whom 1000 shares are owned , lne estate comprises thirty-eight acres , and is divided into 334 allotments , each allotment entitling the holder to a vote for the county . An ox was roasted whole and distributed to the poor . A number of ladies were present , and the band of the Sappers and Miners in attendance . The estate having been duly perambulated by the company , some two hundred sat down to a cold luncheon , after which speeches and toasts were the order of the day .

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    STEAM PLOUGHING . Lord Willoughby d'Eresby has lately been making experiments in steam ploughing . He is said at length to have satisfactorily settled the vexed question , not only as to the practicability of ploughing by steam , but as to the superior cheapness and efficiency of that over the ordinary method . A private experiment with one engine was made at Grimesthorpe , on Thursday week . The field selected for the purpose had grown a wheat crop , and was of good malleable soil . The engine was placed on a moveable tram-road at the end of the field . By way of testing the relative powers , the plough , a coulters

    double one , with reversed shares and , was drawn in one direction by horses , and contrarily by steam . The horses , four powerful animals , had much labour to drag the implement , and that only at a slow pace ; whilst the engine , of 26-horse power , hurried it back as fast as a man could fairly walk to conduct the plough . After several " bouts " a subsoil plough was attached at a gauge of 9 and afterwards 12 inches . This additional burden , which the horses could not possibly have drawn , evidently steadied and improved the motion , and left the work in a most satisfactory manner . Harrows were afterwards appended with an equally pleasing result . The ploughing took place across old land , which showed in some places

    considerable dips . The plough used on this occasion was designed and manufactured by an ingenious mechanic , named Downes , living atltyhall , near Stamford , who has for some years deaervedly been held in high esteem as a ploughman and ploughmaker in the midland

    counties . It is estimated that the ploughing of twenty-four acres of land by horse power would cost £ 9 12 a ., while the same work could be done by 6 team for £ 6 16 s ., leaving a balance of £ 2 16 s . in favour of steam power .

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    DONCASTEll RACES . Fine weather , crowds of spectators , plenty of sport , and capital races have characterised the Donaster of 1851 . The race on Tuesday was the Great Handicap , which was won in first-rate style by the Confessor , who waited on his horses up to the stand , when lie quitted them and ran in iirst by a length . Tuesday , altogether , in said to have be en the best " iirst day " known at Doncastcr for many years . Eighteen horaes started for the St . Leger on Wednesday . The betting was 6 to 4 against Hernandez , 2 to 1 ngainst Aphrodite , 5 to 1 against the Bar ., 12 to 1 against NcwminBtcr , 12 to against Ephesus , 18 to 1 against Miserrima , 40 to 1 against Lough Dawn , and 60 to 1 against Phlegm . The starting , it should be premised , was undertaken by Captain Itous , who got through his tusk with so little difficulty , that the race came off within a few minutcb of the time npeciiled on the cards . Deceitful went away with the lead , followed by Exeter , Aphrodite and Goliah l y ing third and fourth , Hernandez next , in company with Cnonus , Newminster , Phlegra , Sir Kowiand Trenchard . Hookcm Snivvey , and [ two or three otherH . Ephesufl , Lough Bawn , and Jack Robinson

    biinging up the rear . Exeter retired before he reached the milcpoBt , but in no other respect were the ponitions of the leading horneH affected until they got to the Red-houHe ; here Goliah and Hernandez were beaten , and Newminbter took the third position . Halfway between the Red-house and the bend Deceitful gave way , and the race was left to Aphrodite and Newminster , the latter getting to the mare's head inside the distance , quitting her half-way up , and winning in canter by two lengths , Hookem Bnivvey , who wa § as far behind

    Aphrodite , beating Sir Rowland Trenchard by a neck . Phlegra and Miserrima were fifth and sixth , Lamartine and th » Ban next . The race was run . in 3 minutes 19 seconds . Newminster belongs to Mr . A . Nichol , and was ridden by Templeman . The Queen ' s Plate was won by the Maid of Masham , ridden by G . Abdale , beating Cossack with the greatest ease . On Thursday , Mr . Stebbing ' s Alfred the Great , ridden by Flatman , carried off the Twenty Sovereign Sweepstakes for two-year olds . Le Juif , a three-year old , won the Cleveland Handicap by a head , after a fine race , beating "Worcester and Vanguard .

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    PERSONAL NEWS AND GOSSIP . The Queen takes daily drives about the Crags and Pass of Ballater , and Prince Albert is walking uphas health while he is stalking down the deer . The Ministers are everywhere ; and all fashionable people flitting about in all directions . London gossips have had Bloomerism brought home to them by Mrs . Dexter , who has caused a deal of talk , and no doubt we shall soon see Bloomers abroad . Lord and L ady John Rus sell surprise d the good people of Dublin by a visit on Monday last , said the Tzmes ; but its informant was hoaxed . Lord John had only gone to

    Ba ° d Brougham was seen . in the House of Lords on Wednesday . He appeared in much better health than ^ ThVfi ^ p ol London has embroiled himself with the parish of St Mary , Whitechapel , by interdicting a clergyman , just chosen as lecturer , from preaching . A meeting was held on Thursday , and it was « o \ red that , spite of the Bishop , the lecturer should discharge his ^ Lieutenant-General Sir John Burgoyne is making a most minute inspection of the state of fortifications rn the Channel Islands and the western coast of England . Mr . Richard O'Gorman , one of the oldest and most respectable merchants of Dublin , has left Ireland for the United States . The exile of nis only son , a noble-minded young fellow , who came out in ' 48 , and who is at present a practising barrister at the American bar , has been the of MrO'Gorman ' s departure . :

    cause . . „ - __ , Father Gavazzi has created a fervour m Scotland quite as great as that in London . The brewers of Southwark gave Haynau a taste of English detestation of women-floggers and men-slaughters ; the workmen of Mr . Napier ' s foundry at Glasgow turned out ^ gav e hearty cheers for the priestly advocate of Papal reform and Italian nationality . p , Mr . Lawrence , the American Minister , and Mrs . Lawrence , are on a tour through Galway and Connemara . Mr Joseph Hume paid his constituents a public visit on Saturday , and delivered a financial and reform speech in the Town-hall of Montrose . The old veteran was heartily received . ..- ¦ ¦ „/ . j t The soiree to Mr . George Thompson , M . P ., fixed for Tuesday , was unavoidably postponed , owing to a bereavement in the family of that gentleman , whose second son ired on Sunday eveningafter a protracted illness .

    exp , The Earl of Donoughmore died on the afternoon of the 12 th at Palmerstown-house , his lordships mansion in the county of Dublin . He was in his sixty-fourth year , and had been for a long time in a declining state of health . He is succeeded iu his estates and title by his son , Lord Suirdale . . Died on Wednesday morning , at his residence in bt . Giles ' s-street , Oxford , after a few hours' illness John Kidd , D . M . of Christchurch , Regius Professor of Medicine , Tomline ' s Prelector of Anatomy , Aldrichian Professor of Anatomy , and RadclifFe ' s Librarian . Dr Kidd was highly esteemed and respected both in the University and city of Oxford . In 1800 , being then a student of Christ Church , Mr . Kidd took the degree of MA . In 1801 that of Bachelor of Medicine , and in 1804 he proceeded to the degree of Doctor of Medicine . In 18 ^ Dr . Kidd succeeded Sir Christopher Pegge , Bart ., in the

    office of Regius Professor of Medicine , to which is annexed Tomline ' s Protectorship of Anatomy , and . the Aldrichian Professorship of Anatomy , and in 18 . il he succeeded Dr . Williams as Radcliffe ' s Librarian lie election of a successor to the latter office rests with the Archbishop of Canterbury , the Lord Chancellor , tne Chancellor of the University , the Bishops of London and Winchester , the two principal Secretaries of btate , the two Chief Justices , and the Master of the Rolls . Mr . James Richardson , the enterprising African

    traveller , died on the 4 th of March last , at a small village called Ungurutua , t » ix daya distant from Kouka , the capital of Bornou . Early in January , he and the companions of his mission , Drs . Barth and Ovcrweg , arrived at the immense plain of Damergou , when , alter remaining a few days , they separated , Dr . Barth proceeding to Kianu , Dr . Overweg to Guber , and Mr . Richardaon taking the direct route to Kouka , by Zindcr . 1 here , it would seem , his atrengthbt gan to give way , and before no had arrived twelve days distant from Kouka he became seriously ill , Buffering much from the oppressive heat ol the nun . Having reached a large town called Kangarrua , he halted for three days , and feeling himself rather refreshed he renewed bis journey . After two days more travelling , during which bin weakne ^ greatly "" j "" " ' th « v » rriv ^ , l » t iff- Wad . lv Me-llahu . Leaving Huh place hours tne i

    on the 3 rd of March , they reached in two « . « - of UnRurutua , when Mr M ft ^^^ i fnlto he was unable to proceed . In tlic evtIUI * , ! ,,.,. anci left food and tried to sleep , but *««»« WJJ -Uej « , and I . t hia « ent support ed . by hw servant lie ch «« g and threw himself . ««««•» J ? n ^ Onv " , he aeked for a His attendants having made a ne cot . d ^ cup , but had no ^ " ^^ £ d after having protime-, ; 'i . ^ 7 J ^ n 'UV e ,. ighed deeply , and l exrcdwihout a Juggle ' about twoVur * aiW midnight .

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    to * 20 , 1851 J W ¦»«*»** ; !! L

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 20, 1851, page 891, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1901/page/7/