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Leader (1850-1860), 11th October 1851, Edition Town of 2, Page 959, Untitled Article

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      the American C isSar . ** * % ? £ »? ffiS Ut l \ thev went on board the American frigate , Mississippi , 7 y 1 £ g in the Dardanelles . On the 9 th , SntT ? t ' six o ' clock in the fning , hey went on wJ the Turkish frigate , and in half an hour she Shed anchor " for tffe Dardanelles . The . Turkish eVcort guarded them until they stepped into the boats in which they were to reach the Mississippi , and r £ > re particularly Kossuth , on both side , of whom the escort formed a double movable row , so that no stranger could accost him . The Amen-Sn frigate Mississfppi whose crew "W ^ of 400 men ,

      ,, was anchored in the harbour of Constantinople , from the 31 st of August to the 7 th instant . On the day of her departure the who ' e crew gathered on deck , and the commander , after having refreshed their memories by reading over the martial laws , explained to them the object of the voyage , and the importance attached to the persons entrusted to their care ; finally , he required them to swear by oath that they would defend them to the last drop of their blood . The frigate then fired twenty-one guna , which were responded by the Turkish battery , and left for the Dardanelles , where the prisoners were to

      arrive on the 10 th instant . Turkey has rendered to the Hungarian cause two iana ! services : —1 . The reception and the non-delivery of the emigrants over to Austria . 2 . The liberation of Kossuth in spite of the greatest efforts made by Russia and Austria to prevent such » result . The Republican Government of the United States , by strongly insisting upon Kossuth ' s liberation , took for the first time , so to say , a part in a European cause . The English ship which was announced to appear in the Dardanelles , in order to take on board those who might wish to sail to England , ha * not , for reaions yet unknown , arrived » t all . Two Poles , Shpachek and Lusakowski , hare volunteered to accompany Kossuth to America .

      Yesterday a pilot-boat was sent out from Southampton to meet the Jupiter steamer , which was daily expected , and -which might possibly bring Kossnth , in order that a signal might be hoisted on board o f her , so that the authorities may be made aware of his arrival , if he does come in the Jupiter . It has been determined that the illustrious exile shall remain about five or » ix hours in Southampton previous to hi « departure for the mayor ' s seat near Winchester , in order that time may be given for a special train to arrive from London with friends , and for the numerous addresses to be presented to him . After landing , he will be eonducted in a carriage

      and four to the Royal York Hotel , from whence he will proceed to the Guildhall to receive the corporation address . The Mayor continued to receive an immense number of communications from all parts of the country respecting Kossuth , and also an immense number of letters and despatches addressed to his care for the great Magyar himself . Amongst the letters addressed to the latter is a , registered letter , containing apparently a Bank note . This letter appears to have been posted in England in August last . It is addressed to " Ludwig Kossuth , Kutfiyah ., " and there u writing on it signifying that left

      the party to whom the letter was addressed has Kutfiyah , and also the words , " Try Southampton . " KosBUth will be the guest of the mayor until the day of the banquet . On the night of the banquet the great Hungarian will sleep at the American consulate . The day after a balcony will be exected outside the consulate , when a magnificent flag , which was made for the distinguished chief by Magyars of New York and sent to him during the heroic struggle in Hungary for freedom , but which was detained at some custom-house in this country and rescued by accident , will be displayed . From this balcony Kossuth will most probably address the populace . The consulate faces an open space which will hold

      30 , 000 persons . Intelligence has reached Southampton that no Hungarian refugee will be allowed to leave France to visit England during the stay of Koasuth in this country , and then return to France .

      Untitled Article

      A REFLEX OF THE " AGRICULTURAL MIND . " For some weeks pust the agricultural mind has made a good display of itself . With wonderful simplicity it has been unfolded ; and from time to time we have quoted remarkable speeches made at agricultural dinners and cattle shows . Wo have another butch before ub . They clearly show tliut Prot ection , an a thing to be hoped for or worked for , is abnndoned ; and they further show that great uncertainty prevails us to what it will be bent to do to supply the gap in the breeches pocket , said to bo left by the withdrawal of the sliding-scalo .

      Norfolk is satisfied that " it is impossible for farmers to live at present prices ; " but hopeless of getting back artificial prices . The Cumberland farmers were positively annoyed at the Penrith gathering , bccuuBC one of their number ventured to hope for n return of the " invigorating rays of prosperity . " Thoso " rays , " alus , never would return . Mr . George Carr Glyn met the men of WoBtniorelnud on the 27 th , at Kendul , and introduced n . hard , manly speech , by thin pithy exordium received With ' « loud cheerH . " " My business , ' ' said he . " i » to doul with facts , and now thut Protection is departed , it is our duty to meet the times . " His way vt meeting tfio timw wus by looking at the brigliteat

      side of things , abandoning old-fashioned ways , " " cheapening the cost of production , " and " extending markets , " judiciously introducing machinery , not pulling long faces , nor talking of being ruined . Of course he got no answer ; Mr . Ellison only observing , that he did not want high duties ; but with this exception [ duties of some kind , we presume , on corn ] , he was as much a Free-trader as any man . Whereupon , " loud laughter and cheers . " Mr . Robert Palmer met some friends at Wokmgham , on the 26 th . He seemed alarmed at what he had said at Maidenhead . The Times had

      misrepresented him . He meant to say that he had no hope of the restoration of Protection , " at the present time" ! and even here the Chairman , Mr . Henry Clive , ventured to remark , that the labourers were most " prosperous , " and that the tenant farmers " could not be in such a bad condition as they represented , because he never saw any of the farms given up . " Perhaps Surrey bears away the bell for out-speaking . Mr . Freshfield presided over the Surrey dinner , at Epsom , on the 30 th . There was a goodly gathering of notables . Mr . Felix Ladbroke broke the ice and the rules , and the torrent once allowed to flow ,

      rattled along pretty fast . "I think when we have got the county members we ought to hear what they have got to say on these topics . ( Very great cheering and cries oj " Bravo . " ) What wo want to know are our future prospects . ( Cheers . ) We have got in the harvest , and in my own name , and in that of gentlemen present , we would desire to be very thankful to Almighty God for the abundant harvest with which we are blessed—( cheers )—but , after saying that , I regret to add that there are still very gloomy prospects over us . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Alcock , the Liberal and Free-trade member for one division of the county , was the first to speak . Of course , he could not make a speech and say nothing of " guano , " its dearness , and the monopoly which the Peruvian Government have of it . But when that

      was ended , he turned full upon Protection . " If I were , however , to venture an opinion on the subject of Protection , I would say , as to this 5 s . duty which I have heard mentioned , that if I did not object to it , as I do , on principle—if I was not prepared to vote against it on that ground , I would not condescend to accept this dirty , trumpery , pitiful duty of 5 s . I tell you ( said the hon . member , at each epithet striking his left hand very violently with hi 3 right ) , it is a dirty , pitiful , trumpery , absurd piece of nonsense . ( A laugh . ) I would take a farm of 500 acres , farmed in the highest style , and-what is this paltry sum of £ 50 , that any one should be trying to humbug me by persuading me to accept it . ( A laugh . )

      All they would get would be 2 s . 6 d . per quarter upon 100 acres . And what is that ? " it is £ 501 And what man is there with 400 acres of land , and £ 4000 of capital , who would be so base , and shabby , and pitiful , ns to accept of £ 50 a year to break through the magnificent principle of free-trade . ( Cries of " Oh , oh , " " Chair , chair , " and laughter . ) I don ' t believe—I say , I don ' t believe—( interruption and cries of" Order " )—I don ' t believe there ' s a man in the room who has 400 , or 500 , or GOO acres , or less , who would condescend to accept this paltry , trumpery sum , of a 5 s . duty— £ 50 a-year upon one of the largest farms iu the whole county . ' Mr . Alcock continued to speak with great vehemence of tone and action , pointing ; out how , if the landed interest were ruined , he would be ruined .

      " I depend upon land solely , totally , and without any equivocation whatever ; and do you think I will , with my eyes open , allow that interest to be carried away and lost to me and to yourselves , if 1 can help it ? I have desired to show you this , that I am in earnest about it . [ It is scarcely possible to convey an idea of the vehemence of the honourable member ' s manner throughout . ] I'll vote against the slightest duty whatever , and I'll not support any fixed duty of any kind for one single moment ; and this I'll tell you also , if the single vote depended upon me , I would chuck you and your Protection over . [ The excitement of the honourable member here reached its height , and though there was some interruption here , there was more laughter , rather , perhaps , at the manner than the matter of the honourable member , and the Saxon simplicity with which this declaration was made . J

      Mr . Henry Drummond next opened his lips , but the spectacle of Mr . Alcock ' s boyish earnestness seems to have cooled him down . lie would not reject a five shillings fixed duty ; not he . If he did not have it—it was because ho could not get it . They would never get it while politicul power way diutributud us it wus . " Every country is bounded by nature as to its productiveness , and it iu infatuation on the part of any Government which does not i / ive protection to that which is the

      peculiar creature of Us own soil in preference to any other noil . ( Very great cheering . ) Can you doubt that when a failure of the wheat harvest doca ari « e—production having been reduced here by large importations that you will have this , and then the country will recover its senses ? The country in prosperous , lie it ho . The labourers are happy . Granted ; but only remember the time is coming when they may have nothing to eat ( Cheers . ) We nhaU not have corn enough for our ordinary consumption , Htill letia for an extra year of demand That ' s , my opinion . Mr . Freshiield declared that he would accept 11 duty of live HhilUngb or anything ho could got ; and that whenever the queeuou of justice to ugriculturo is

      raised , his vote should be given for anything and everything that appeared calculated to support the interests of agriculture . Mr . Page said that " If they had to compete with all the world with their hands tied up , to attempt to persuade a party of ruined * starving farmers , that there was any hope for them if that system continued , was a mere mockery . ( Loud cheers . )" In some localities the darkness that overspreads the agricultural mind is fearful . A Mr . Turnell , one of the judges at Wellingborough , delivered himself as follows 1—

      " It was impossible for them , at present prices , to stay in England . Nothing , however , stirred the Free-trade citizens . Born in London , they never came out to see the real aspect of affairs , and so long as they got money they didn ' t care how or from whom . It was perfectly notorious that of late years farmers had not met their expenses out of profits but out of capital . That was an unnatural state of things , and if something were not done it must soon cease . What was the farmer ' s position ? On the one hand he was taxed up to the eyes ; on the other hand the foreigner brought his stuff in free and

      monopolized the market . The farmer could _ not grow his barley and use it as he pleased without paying a very , heavy per centage . ( Hear , hear . ) The was no Free trade in that . ( Hear . ) He trusted that the gentlemen who heard him , and who were , no doubt , acquainted with men of power in high places , would tell them the real state of the case . Farmers were fast sickening of this state of things . As a result they could not , and they would not , pay the taxes . ( Hear , hear . ) If taxes were wanted they must be fetched . If the Goveanment wouldn ' t help them they must try and help themselves . "

      Mr . Sharman " would advise agriculturists to unite to oppose the malt tax , the house tax , and the income tax . ( Hear , hear . )" " Let them but unite , and they would soon attain their desires , and protection , too , in some way or other , must follow . ( Cheers . ) He hoped they might live to see better times , for it was a sorrowful thing to toil hard for a continuous loss . ( Hear , hear . ) His only hope lay in the fact that agricultural depression was beginning to react upon the tradesmen . There was scarcely one who did not feel a difference ; and his sorrow , his sympathy , and assistance would follow as a matter of course . '

      The Earl of Wilton , at Radcliffe , in Lancashire , said that he " had not the slightest doubt that , if the landlord , the tenant , the manufacturer , and the agriculturist all pulled together , a great amount of additional produce might yet be raised from the soil . ( Cheers . )" At Ledbury , Herefordshire , Mr . W . James thought that there was no hope from growing wheat . " They were led to understand that the Legislature

      could do nothing for them ; so all they had to do was to keep down their local taxation—( hear )—to endeavour to persuade the landlords to put down their game preserves , and make the tenants the gamekeepers —( renewed cries of Hear , hear ! ' )—to cut down timber where the tenant had to pay rent for the land it grew upon —( loud cries of Hear , hear ! ' )—and to get their rent reduced ono half . ( Vehement cheering . ) If that would not do , then agriculture must be in a hopeless state . ( Laughter . )"

      Lastly , Mr . Disraeli has again spoken—cleverly , of course—to the farmers of South Bucks . He says , Protection to one class is out of the question—it must be to all or none ; and that their chief grievance is , that they are suffering under a weight of taxation , the removal of which is the only practical thing to be done . " Remuneration of price is of much more consequence , " exclaims a listener . "Yes , " replies Mr . Disraeli ; " but one of the sources of remuneration of price is the reduction of the cost of production . " " That won ' t do it , " again shouts the listener . " Yes , it will , " cries Mr . Disraeli ; " for if you lessen the tuxes , you lessen the cost of production Then he adverted to his famous of the

      . " theory land being the raw material of the agriculturist ; told them , that if they listened to the advice of any other than the member for Buckinghamshire , then addressing them , their grievances would be unrudressed ; mude merry with the men of Manchester , with railway speculators , and tradesmen who could not keep accounts ; and having put his hearers in good humour with themsoives , he returned to the old subjected , antl advocated some removal of the burdens of taxation from the agricultural back , on to the back of Homebod y else . The whole speech seemed to be « i product of the necessity for saying something , and the conviction that , at present , it would be a deul more convenient to say nothing .

      Untitled Article

      OXI'OIU ) AND REFORM . Oxford and Oxfordshire entertained their representatives on Thursday week , in the Townhull of the fumous old city . The dinner would have no importance for us were it not that her MnjestyV { Solicitor-General humjeiitf to bo one of the membefor Oxford . Sir W . J ' "tfo Wood , in hi » speec adverted to the topic of the new Reform Bill , ai said that ho had refund one of the new Chance judgeships ; because J 10 felt , that as a measure - reform was about to be proposed , his proper ph was in the IIoijhc of Commons : — " Ho know no more of that measure than his league : and if ho did , ho would probably be uny

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      Oct . 11 , 1851 . J gift * >««>»** 959 _

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 11, 1851, page 959, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1904/page/3/