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afford another instance of the reckless and utterly wanton contempt for life commonly manifested by railway directors . Engines that won ' t be stopped , runaway engines , surely ought not to be run on any line . Until some other punishment th * n " fine " or imprisonment of the " servants " of the companies is inflicted—until , in fact , the persons really responsible are touched , we cannot hope for better railway management . Certainly one is tempted to wish for a Cromwell , or even a Francia I Judgment has been delivered in tho
Wolverhampton combination case . Clearly , from the decision of the jury and the dictum of Justice Patteson , combination differs in nought from conspiracy . Every combination of workmen is a conspiracy unassailed by the law : for juries , special juries , are decidedly inclined to regard combination as ipso facto conspiracy . Besides , Justice Patteson says we have no right to make men think they have grievances . That is , the rule of opinion is to be put down . Would Justice Patteson like the domination of arms as a substitute . ?
The gold mania is rising : lumps and blocks of gold , of a weight varying from five to one hundred and nine pounds , are found in New South Wales . No less than five companies are working an estate belonging to Colonel Fremont in California , all promising colossal results . The gold produce shipped from California in 1850 was ten millions sterling . These curious facts are attended by others of a not less striking nature . The western coast of the Pacific is fast becoming extremely important ; and the narrow strip of land between the sea and the mountains may yet bear powerful nations , as predicted by Asa Whitney , and urged as one of the main reasons for the adoption of his gigantic project for a railway from the Atlantic to the Pacific . The Trade of the World has been ever tending
Westward : where Trade goes , thither Empire follows . A curious fact connected with the gold mania is the Chinese immigration . The Irish are not quitting Ireland faster than the Chinese are swarming out of China . Had we not better look to the West ?
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . Last week we recorded the defeat of the Proposition of the Questors to which M . Thiers and Co . had vainly attempted to entrap the adhesion of the Republican Opposition , who , with the exception of a small military and formalist fraction , refused to sacrifice the Executive to a " White " dictatorship . But the resources of such inveterate tacticians as the old Parliamentary chiefs are never exhausted . Tho attack of the Questors was repulsed onl y to be followed up by a far heavier piece of artillery in the shape of the Organic Law on the responsibility of the Executive , including the President , the Ministry , and the
subordinate functionaries . This law had been in process of incubation by the Council of State ever since June , ' 49 . It is a necessary complement of the Constitution ; indeed a good organic law on the responsibility of the inferior agents of authority has been a desideratum ever since responsibility has been in fashion ; but it is especially important to define the limits of the Executive under the present form of Government , and under a President , who is also a 44 Prince , " and who delights to be called " Chief of the State , " and by all sorts of titles , more or leBS illegitimate . But as long as he played the game of the majority they were content to let his "
responsibilities " alone ; and this law might have gone to Bleep in the archives of the Conseil d'Etat but for the " personal " policy of tho President . As it is : on the part of the Royalist Majority , it is undoubtedly a law of defiance and of retaliation : aimed directly at the Executive . It is accepted by the Ilepublican Minority on Constitutional grounds : und as thoy found themselves with the Elysee in . repelling the Proposition of the Questora , so here they are with the Royalists in checking and controlling the usurpations of the Elysee . In both cases the position of th « Republicans is one of undeviating legality :
in neither , a coalition . The committee of fifteen appointed in the Bureaux to report on the law , includes live members of the extreme Opposition , the rest being advanced members oi" the Royalist branches . Fourteen support the measure aguintit one dissentient . They have named M . Berryer president , and M . Monet secretury . M . Pradie , the author of the original Draft of tho Law , has proposed to insert amendments , reasserting , in most positive terms and under severe penalties , the right of the Assembly to the direct requisition of troops for its defence . One article makes it high treason to solicit or recommend the reelection of the President , contrary to Article 46 .
of tho Constitution . M . Laurent ( de l'Ardeche ) has moved an amendment , purporting that every impediment laid by tho executive power aguinst the exercise of the rights conferred by Article 32 . of the Constitution on the Assembly , shall be deemed an act of high treason , and be followed by the immediate opplictUiou of
the provisions of Article 68 ., which declares the President in such case deposed . M . Caeabianca , the only dissentient member of the Committee on the Law , declared it to be an infringement of the constitutional rights of the President . We are disposed to think that sueh an assertion proves its necessity . It is clear that M . I « ouis Napoleon has very wild notions of hit prerogatives . The " urgency" of the law will probably be moved next week ; but it will be difficult for the Assembly to prepare a well matured and consistent organic law in the midst of the present crisis . It will be rather an offensive than a defensive operation .
The Lyons Railway Bill has been in discussion , the Government proposing a concession to a company : M . Dufaure a provisional continuation of the works at the expense of the State . The debate was interrupted by *• interpellations" on the subject of an article in the Constitutionnel by M . Granier de Cassagnac , denouncing a conspiracy of the Royalists against the President , full of bitter personality and menace to the Assembly . M . Creton characterized the writer , in most insulting and indecent language ,
as a miserable folliculaire , and called on the Government for an explicit disavowal of their attacks . M . Daviel ( Minister of Justice ) replied indirectly by counter charges . M . Berryer , however , brought up the Minister of the Interior , M . de Thorigny , who said thar , if the Government r-ad discovered any certain indications of such a conspiracy , they would not have shrunk from doing their duty . This having been accepted as a disavowal of M . Granier de Cassagnac ' s article , the incident dropped , and the House dispersed .
i he presentation of the medals to the French exhibitors at the Louvre , on Sunday , was cut short by a fccene of the most extraordinary confusion , about 5000 persons endeavouring to obtain admission into a room capable of holding about 1200 . At length , after a fearful struggle , involving considerable danger to life and limb , the President of the Republic managed to obtain a moment ' s hearing , and to adjourn the proceedings . On Tuesday the ceremony took place at the great
circus in the Champs Elysees . Addresses by M . Casabianca and M . Charles Dupin , in praise of the French exhibitors , in recapitulation of the exertions of the French Committee at the Exhibition , were followed by a speech by the President of the Republic , in which it is notable that he pronounced the name of Republic , and accepted the " regenerated society" of ' 89 . The poignant allusions to his Royalist adversaries appear to have been caught up by the assemblage with eager enthusiasm .
" Gentlemen , —There are certain ceremonies which , by the sentiments which they inspire , and the reflections to which they give birth , are not a vain spectacle . I cannot help feeling a certain emotion and a certain pride , as a Frenchman , in seeing around me the honourable men who , at the coat of so many efforts and sacrifices , have upheld so brilliantly , in a foreign country , the reputation of our manufactures , our arts , and our sciences . I have already rendered a merited homage to the great thought which presided over the Exhibition of all Nations at London , ; but , at the moment of crowning your successes by a national recompense , can I forget that so many marvels of industry were commenced in the noise of
insurrection , and finished in the midst of society incessantly agitated by the fear of the present as will as by the menaces of the future ? And , in reflecting on the obstacles which it has been necessary to overcome , 1 ¦ aid to myself , ' How great would not this nation be , if it was only permitted to breathe at its ease , and live its regular life ! ' ( Loud applause . ) In fact , it was when credit began scarcely to revive — when an infernal idea urged without ceasing the working classes , to dry up the very sources of all employment—when madness , clothing itself in the garb of philanthropy , came to turn aoide men's minds from their regular occupations , in order to fling them into Utopian speculations—it was then that you displayed to the world
those products which a lasting calm alone appeared calculated to enable you to execnte . In presence , then , of these unhoped for results , I miiHt again repeat , how grand would be tlie French Republic , if it were only permitted to pay attention to its real interests and to reform its iiiHtitutioiiH , in place of being incessantly disturbed on the one hand by demagogical ideas , and on the other by monarchical hallucinations 1 ( Tremendous applause followed these words . ) Do demagogical ideas proclaim a truth ? No , they diuHciniuatc everywhere error and falsehood . Disquietude goes before them , and deception follows in their wake , whilst the resources employed in repressing them are ho much loss to the most preying tun * liorulions , and to the relief of miuery . ( Loud applause . ) And us to the monarchical hallucinationa ,
without causing the same dangers to he incurred , they impede all progress , all serious labour ; for in plaoe of an advance a struggle in obliged to be had recourse to . Men , formerly the ardent upholders of the prerogatives of the royal authority , are now mv . cu to inuke thcmaelveu conventionals , in order to dinuim the power which has insued from universal suffrage . ( Tremendous cheering ) They who have the moat suffered , the inottt bewuiled the effects of revolutions , are tievn to provoke ft new ontiand that for the sole object of opposing the national will , and of preventing the movement which transforms society from following a peaceful courne . ^ Renewed cheers ) Ihit nuch efforts are vain , for all that , is in the neocHNity of time muHt be uocoinplinhed . The only thing thitt cannot revive is what is uhi-U « h ; and tliia ceroiuoiiY iu au additional proof that if certain
institutions fall never to rit 9 aaain tii «» "~ — —~ ¦ whieh ' ue in oontoZityXt ^ Z ^ Zr ^ l ? necessities of tbe ^ poch can brave the attack * f ' * ' ^ of Puritani sm You all , children o /« S * nVy or society which has dtMtroyed ancient p&vika * , T < d proclaims as a fundamental princi ple Zfi a ' T ^ h eiuaity-you all , nevertheless , fePfa jU 8 t [ Z Pol l tica l nominated knights of the order' of the EJfJn J {? » 8 1 he reason is , that this institution like an Hon ° ur . that period , was in perfect harmony with th ' reated at the age and the ideas of the country ' Fuf ^ L ' of like others , to render the demarcations motTT ^> marked , it effacea them altogether , by phc \ L Tty same lines all merits , to whatever profession «? V society they belong . ( Loud applause RecX"J these crosses of the Legion of Honour which L ^ ' to the grand idea of its founder , are Jffl £ ?»*»* labour equally with bravery , and bravery equil , ^ science . ( Great applause . ) Before separS 7 * f men , permit me to encourage to I / i Ilew
you new , TTnrtf » rt » lrP thorn TO ? fV . ^ ,, f fc > *„_ .,, Works . Undertake them without fear , for they wUl prTvenTrT being out of work this winter , arid have no fear Jf , the future ; for , whatever may arrive , tranauillit . i , « be maintained . ( Lengthened applause ' . ) a SSSI ** which is supported on the entire mass of the naMnn which has no other motive but the public good 5 which is animated with that ardent faith which b , ' , m you most surely even across a space where there i , T road marked out—that Government , I say will know how to fulfil its mission , for it has in itself both the riohT which is derived from the people , and the force which comes from God . ( Imme ? ise applause , which lasted several minutes . )"
On the sasie day he gave a dinner to the persons decorated with the Legion of Honour , fifty-three in number . As well as some of those who received medals , the Ministers , the President of the Assembly , the military and civil nuhorities , the Corps Diplomatique , amounted to 100 persons . On Sunday the model frigate , dfstintd for a naval school , was launched at Neuilly , in the presence of the President of the Republic . M . Granier de Cassagnac has called out M . Creton for his insulting expressions in the Assembly ; hut the latter has refused either to fight or to apologise . Whereupon M . de Cassagnac brands him as a coward ,
and says the Assembly shelters itself under his cowardice . This looks like a fresh provocation to the Assembly ' . It is said that 30 , 000 copies of the paper containing the offensive article were distributed by the Government . The Presse says : — " We are informed that three of the persons condemned to the punishment of deportation , by the Council of War at Lyons , MM . Gent , Longomazino , and Ode , whose appeal has been rejected , have arrived in Paris , and have been forwarded to Cherbourg , to be embarked there for Noukaiva . This is affirmed to us , but we do not believe it ; we refuse to believe it . "
The schism between the two Legislative bodies in Belgium has terminated in a compromise . lhe amendment which establishes the principle of a permanent legacy duty upon direct as -well as indirect inheritances , was carried by a majority of forty-six to six votes ; the house being full minus one member , absent from serious indisposition . The death of the King of Hanover has been followed by a sudden change of Ministry , ot a decidedly reactionist and Austrian complexion . that
The Berlin journals , of the 18 th , announce one of the Messrs . Rothschild had left that cit ) lor London , to negotiate the loan of 21 , 000 , 000 thaler ,, authorized by the Chambers in their last session . The Post Ampt Gazette , ° f Frankfort , states , on authority of a letter from Yienna of the 18 th , tnai German Catholicism is to be forbidden in Austria . The authorities of Pesth forbade , on the lotto , i distribution of all foreign journals , even thinned for tho editors of newspapers , lhe n uu only to remain in force until it shall be dtcidea foithe Iu « r .
foreign journals may be distributed - The Emperor of Austria has already ^ in his rewards for the good reception He " 200 ) , Galicia . Cracow has received 2000 florins ( £ W ^ . be distributed among the benevolen t in * ft | r Lemberg 6000 florins for the paupern , W " a ilW the hospital of the Sisters of Chanty , " ¦ "l ^; ,,,, for the opthalmio institute . There was a tin- ^ a single nobleman of Galicia would Have b ^^ ]() times that sum for a niuular object . i . > oru tion » Polish nobleman would have nccepteu - ^^ from an enemy . Twonty-onc person * , » ' " ° ¦ h Iin j are nine Germans , have received vane u " ° vidlltt iswere exempted from all taxes . l « am ] Count vi « ., tho Archbishop L ^ . 1 JarftIi ;^ K cOUI 1 cillo > 6 . privy iJ /
, C . Levitaki-have been appointed t ) u , C . Levitoki-havc hcen appoinieu ... ^ tll 0 The official Prussian Gazette declares u . ^ ^ rumours about the war preparations oi * UoVer » - iio foundation whatever ; but adds , tnai r ( , u ( ll . ment feels itself obliged to be always »» » rl t ,, oth « r ness , should peace be disturbed Ai Minifl t ., * PruMBian papers apeak with certainty « l () f of tho Interior having recently , on ^ ^ () I ( ll present dangerous > t » t » ol *» " ° ; J | M . » , » *»? nanco to " all the regencies , calling upo t peril vigilant eye upon every bu « ich > u « n . o eeivable in their diatneta . tlie ii 7 t » - Tlic IWi « n Chamber , were ° P encd J ttU cud U * The Kiu . having l « f t for W « v « v « r to
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use cf » * iti ? aii * t . [ Saturday I
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 29, 1851, page 1126, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1911/page/2/
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