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Leader (1850-1860), 24th January 1852, Edition Town of 2, Page 77

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      out for channels in the ice . T ^ ith us * sort of canvas cylinder , hooped , and is atthemam-topgallantwill have the peculiar privilege of being percliednrp there , says it is a very expensive one . 19 th —twelve o ' clock at night . I suppose we are 140 or 150 miles from Cape Farewell . Blowing' hard , hut nota rough sea , although ; there is a swell . * WTien I say hard , I mean- fresh ; we can carry much sail , and do I can scarcely manage to get Sir John to shorten sail at all . Still cloudy . At half-past ten , a bright light appeared in the north-west , which was set down aa aurorabut turned but really to be the reflection

      , of sunset . The clouds and mist moved off as if a blankct ^ were being withdrawn , leaving an orangecoloured clearness underneath in the form of an arch ¦ with a well-defined dark horizon , which , clearness turned out to be real clear sky , cold looking and fine ; and now the officer of the watch comes to tell me the wind is lighter , and we certainl y are . quieter . " Shake a reef out , set the fore topgallantrsail "( the main being set )* " Call me at six , if anything happens . " Good night , good night I 24 th . —In Davis' Straits . Cape Desolation at noon to-day , bearmgeast ninety miles , but we can't see it . We have just done with a glorious gale of wind , which has been sending us on in grand style . I wrote

      last on Thursday night , and shall sum up from thence . On Friday , the 20 th ( and Thursday night also , though X did go to bed so quietly ) , we kicked and plunged and danced in a tremendous manner , the sea running all manner of ways ; the day was nearly calm , with a very heavy swell , the ship rolling deeply . A number of " bottle noses , ' * a species of whale about twenty-eight feet long , came dancing about us ; their head is very peculiar , and unless they are close , so as to see their beak under water , one fancies their foreheads are snouts poked up above the water . All this night we jumped and danced again with a strong breeze dead foul for us , which at midnTgbTT ^ atlTtiwneTiTpniK ^^

      though the thermometer stood fixed at 42 degrees . On Saturday calm again * and smooth water . Molimaules , : and trees with the bark rubbed ~ off by ice , floating about . Sir John at dinner ; most amusing with anecdotes of an Indian chief , whom he met in the journey in which he suffered so much—named , I think , Akatcho—who appears to have been a fine character . Sunday , 22 nd . —It began to blow hard suddenly at seven in the morning from east ( you must recollect that our course is westerly ) . We struggled through the church service on the lower ^ deck , the ship rolling and tumbling much , the sea curling astern beautifully . Yesterday , 23 rd , we had the highest sea I think

      I ever saw ; it was very fine . I know nothing fine * than a gale of wind , particularly when you are running before it . We had a few seas on our decks , one of which found its way down on to our table , just as we had done dinner . I dined at our mess to-day , Sir John finding his guests could not hold on and eat too . We are packed close , and can ' t move very far . But the good humour of everyone is perfect ; and we do dance before it so finely—I mean before the wind . It rained hard all yesterday and all night , and this morning a glorious sun and a clear blue air sent us all up to dry ourselves and our clothes . We have gradually altered our course , and are now steering

      due north . At noon to-day Cape Desolation was due east ninety miles , so we are anDavis' Straits . The sea is now moderately smooth and the wind still fair . I am writing this at half-past ten , in broad daylight . Sir John says that in hiB voyage to Hudson ' s Bay he passed the very spot we were on yesterday , and was sailing through ice . We have yet seen no ice or land . The sea is beginning to get colder . The air still at 41 degrees , but to day it felt delightfully cold . The monkey has , however , just put on a blanket , frock , and trowsers , which the sailors have made him ( or rather her ) , so I suppose it is getting cold . Adieu for the present .

      Wednesday , 25 th , —At one this morning I was on deck looking at the west coast of Greeland and an iceberg—although the land was forty miles off , and the berg six or eight . We sailed along it before the wind until noon ; and the thermometer , when went on deck , had gone down to 39 degrees , though it Btill keeps at 42 degrees in the day . The coast of CJreenland looks rugged , and sparkling with snow , the shadows and ravines forming deep black marks : w regret not being a little nearer to see it better . Ihis morning one snowy iceberg was to be seen a long way off . I am now writing , eleven r . ^ ., latitude 03 degrees , near about a place marked on the chart

      as . Lachtenfels . The sea , as the sun set half an hour ago , was of the most delicate blue in the shadows ; perfectly calm—so calm that the Terror ' s mast heads are reflected close alongside , though she is half a mile off . The air ia delightfully pool arid braoing , and everybody is in good humour either with himself or his neighbours . I have been on deok all day , taking observations . Goodsir is oatohing the most extraordinary animals in a not , and is in ecstasies . Gore and Des Vooux are over the side , poking with nets ana long poles , with cigars in their mouths , and Sfif * w ., 5 ^ ho ia JT y «» original , and a delightfull y dry follow . I am very sleepy and tired , out a * a not like to go to bed without writing on the

      first day in which we have seen Arctic Land . . Held says " We shall soon see the Huskimays , " which he says are vulgarly called «« Yaks '' by the whalers , and—* -Hu 8 k 4 .-8- ^ -ibr-shortness ^

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      INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION . We have receive ^ a copy of a "Export Suggestive " on education , issued by the Parent Befard of Irish Manufacture , in Dublin , a portion of which we gladly publish . The report was agreed to and ordered to be printed on the 6 th of January . The first position is , that the primary " duty of a State is to educate its people . " They then contend that the education should begin from the cradle . " Familiar educational papers should be scattered and read in each farm-house and cottage of the island . Mothers should be taught how to rear their children . They should be made aware that to beat them when they cry or misbehave—to curse and damn them , and call them * brats , " * puppies , ' 'little villians , ' when they are perverse—to set them to ' play' to get rid of their importunities or their care—to let them amuse themselves in torturing a cat , a dog , a bird , &c—to eat and drink all things and everything that comes in their way<—to go from day to day unwashed , uncombed , with filthy ragged dress—to have no ideas implanted in their minds but that of coarse tumbling , cruelty , unbridled appetites , thumping , boxing , wrestling , swearing , gasconade , and bravado—prepares their children to become ruffians . These tendencies take root in the child before the age of three , are confirmed at seven , and never after can , by any system of moral , religious , or collegiate education , be eradicated . After education only hidea these tendencies , which are sure to break out at intervals even in persons occupying the highest places in every station of life !"

      And on this basis they rest their requirements . "In the firstplace , we should require of the State the annual appropriation of £ 500 , 000 to the purposes of education for the next three years ; and one million a-year for each six millions of the population ever afterwards . To fortify this demand we have only to show the governing Dowers what is coiner on in the United States , to

      which our countrymen are flying . In the State of Massachussets ( whose capital is Boston ) , the population is 900 , 000 ; the annual sum levied for , and applied to education , is 750 , 000 dollars , at 4 s . 2 d . the dollar— -that is , £ 150 , 000 sterling , or about 38 . 9 d . a-year to eacb person . To Ireland ,-with a population of 6 , 500 , 000 , only £ 120 , 000 are annually appropriated for education ; or 4 jd . a-year to each person . In the State of New York , with a population of 3 , 000 , 000 , there are 15 , 000 paid teachers , besides inspectors and state officers of education . In Ireland , with double the population , there are but 5000 teachers , including all superiors , inspectors , and officers ; so that the Americans estimate education beyond us in the ratio

      of about 35 to 5 . "When we add to their schools their teeming , untaxed newspaper press , throwing out its raillion of newspapers every morning , at a halfpenny and a penny each , we may then estimate the immense distance we are behind them , and be made aware of some one of the reasons why , and to what , our people are daily flying . " If we would make one step towards arresting the wasting ' lfixodus '—one available step towards raising up this fallen people—we must look this great question steadily and at once in the very face . " If we are told by the authorities that ' money ia scarce , ' we answer , you find two millions one hundred thousand pounds per annum to support " paupers , " who

      are paupers merely because they were not educated ; ' we answer ' * you find one million sterling a year for arresting , trying , condemning , and transporting " criminals , " who a re criminals only because they were ' not educated ;' we answer , ' you find five hundred thousand pounds a year to pay , maintain , and discipline twelve or thirteen thousand policemen , who are required merely because the people are not educated ; ' we answer * you find two millions a year to support the one-third of the whole British army permanently in Ireland , under the plea of law and order , who demoralise our young people , and which law and order would never be disturbed if the

      people were educated . ' We are told that money is scarce at the very moment the Lord Chancellor gets £ 8000 per annum , the Chief Baron gets £ 6000 per annum , the judges get each £ 4000 to 5000 a year for trying felons ; at a moment that chairmen of sessions get £ 800 to £ 1000 a year for trying petty thieves ; that seventy-one stipendiary magistrates get from £ 300 to £ 500 a year each for punishing turnip atealers ; and that thousands of others are getting from two hundred to two thousand pounds a year each for some nominal services' which it is said they are performing for the people . " Thus , then , are our resources applied under the account of Ireland : —

      For supporting the poor ( i . e ., the ignorant ) £ 2 , 100 , 000 For supporting and transporting criminals (* . a ., the ignorant ) .. .. 1 , 000 , 000 For supporting the police in Ireland . 500 , 000 For supporting the army in Ireland .. 1 , 750 , 000 For supporting the judges , stipendiary magistrates , and other persons principally - > occupied in trying ' criminalp '(* . o ., tho ignorant ) .. . 7 .. ' 100 , 000 For supporting 200 chief idlers about our , courts and public offices , under pretence of serving the public , at salaries ranging from £ 250 to £ 760 per annum .. .. 100 , 000

      £ 5 , 560 , 000 " Five millions five hundred thousand pounds a year for agencies , of coercion or of demoralization I One hundred and twenty thousand pounds— -only the fortyaixth part—for education ! ..... ** We would suggeBt that ovory public school , especially in tho agricultural districts , have attached to it a email

      farm and a large garden . In the denser cities and towns the male schools should be established in the outskirts , where at least the accommodation of a tolerable garden and park could be had . The female school should be quite

      -separate-attd-dtatant from the male school , and have in every case a garden . Every school : should , have baths , which can now-ardays be easily fitted up and be well supplied with water , soap , towels , combs , brushes , &c . Physiology "; or the law of our bodies , ' should be taught in every school to the children—a papier machie skeleton or manikin—male and female—should be had in each , school ; the male skeleton for the male school , to be lectured upon by the schoolmaster ; the female manikin in the female school , to be lectured upon by the schoolmistress . By teaching the growing generation the laws of life and health , we would diminish irregular and filthy habits , uncleanness , and a world of that sickness for which the working classes of Ireland pay so dearly in time lost and money to doctors . . . .

      "We would next have primary female momtresses " attached to each school , who should visit the cottages and houses of the people in a given district , and give kind and patient instructions to mothers about the management of their little children—about cleaning , dressing , and managingjthem—about ventilation , food , exercise , and chastisement . These monitresses should be very carefully selected , having themselves been properly instructed in the district model schools . They should be imperatively enjoined against interfering with the religious ideas of the people in any way ; but to devote their sole energies on their mission , to reasoning and explaining with the mothers of young children against chastising , beating , scoldingr . 'and cursing their little ones ; and teach

      them that children should be talked or reasoned out of their evil tendencies , and should not be either beaten or caressed , or purchased into good behaviour . These latter practices do more mischief to a people than the worst laws ever enacted by the worst tyranny recorded by history . " Next to reasoning with the very young , instead of coercing them , is the importance of employing them . Now , very little children will much sooner and much rather learn to make a baby house , or a car , or a doll , than learn a letter . The impulse of construction is an instinct whinh nhnwaitaflif tht > first The child must be

      doing something or making something all the time that it is not asleep or taking food ; and instead of allowing it to use its brawny arms thumping its mother or its nurse , the said nurse orjnother should teach it to make something , to construct something even while the child is yet a nursling . A thousand plans and toys can be invented for the use of children tending to develop the-natural impulse of construction . We see that the bee and the beaver , without any pen-and-ink education , become , by the natural impulse of construction , excellent builders . The bee observes a strict mathematical

      calculation in all his beautiful architecture ! The beaver manifests the forethought and caution of a military chieftain in erecting his house ! The human species is eminently endowed with the instinct of construction ; and , therefore , there is the less difficulty in teaching each mortal to provide for all his or her wants ; it only requires that they be taught all the way up from the cradle to construct something useful , and then we have a nation of the best artificers in the world . Little girls of the age of four or five years , can be taught to knit , sew , school the

      plait straw , make baskets , at the same or by same person who teaches them their alphabet . Little boys of the same age should be taught to build little houses , little ships , make little chairs , tables , ploughs , gates , waggons , wooden spades , wooden knives , wooden forks , wooden spoons , cloth boots , hats and caps . All these exercises may be taught with the alphabet to children under five years of age , instead of ' playing , ' and will prove a relaxation , and , indeed , a source of recreation to their minds

      " We shall now follow them to the public shool , where they should be sent at the ages of six or seven . Every public school for males should have a loom , a turning lathe , a small furnace , a modelling room , a bench and vice , files , and sundry other tools for making tin ware , &c , wooden ware , &c , chisels for stone cutting , &c , together with the skeletons or manikins already alluded to ; the bathe , the large garden , and the small farm ; three hours a day for book education , and three hours a day for learning to make and use machines , for learning tho chemical components of earths , metals , and vegetables ; learning to recreationand

      cultivate the farm or the garden as a , relief from study , or the exercise of the memory ; to draw and copy the flowers in the garden upon a thousand tablets and objects . This kind of education would give us , in a few years , a different order of people to what we have at present—an order of men and women that would not give much employment to judges , juries , lawyers , or policemen , nor to transport ships or poorhouaes—an order of men and women that would improve the character of the nation , and encourage the historian to ' record its proud annals . "

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      PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . THE " EMVLOYEHS' ST 1 UKE . " Under the pressing circumstances of their case , the engineers held a meeting on . Sunday last at the Phoanix , Stepney , to hear a report from Mr . Newton , juBt returned from ^ Lancashire . Mr . Eglin occupied tho chair . Mr . Newton , who was loudly cheered , described tho favourable reception with which he had met at tho different meetings which ho had attended , and at which a desire had been unanimously expressed to support tho position assumod by tho Exeoutivo Council of the Amalgamated Hocioty . " Ho had visited Bury , Oldliam , » nd Manchester ; and everywhere the aaino feeling had prevailed—a most important fact , when it was remembered that those districts

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      Jaw . , 1852 . ] , : g-ft ^ Tt

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 24, 1852, page 77, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1919/page/9/