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sequence of a visit of the King to Nassau , where his mind may have been warped by contact with absolutist monarch * . It would be deeply regrettable , and especially for the King of the Belgians' sake that he should waver , or seem to waver , in that course of genuinely liberal constitutionalism , which has preserved Belgium through most critical times . I * may be that the Xing feels the pressure of France too heavy upon Belgium ; but he should know that the present Government of France is already totterin < r and that when the change comes , it will be of more consequence to Belgium to have a Liberal Government than now to have one less odious to despotism than the last The late Government was chieily composed of liberal ^ ° The Emperor of Itussia arrived on the 10 th inst . at Berlin . . ... „ ,. ., * . , -. Berlin the 5 th
The Empress of Russia arrived at on inst from Hanover , as did also all the brothers of the King the Gran Duke of Schwerin , and the Prince and Princess of the Netherlands ; in consequence , all the royal family is once again united . The Empress was to remain at Berlin six days . Letters and iournals from Ueufehatel confirm the report of the signal majority of the [ Republicans , in comparison with the Royalists , at the meeting held on the 6 th inst . The following is the speech addressed by M . Lambley to the Republican Assembly : — " If you had been told three months' since that you would to-day enter the lists to defend the Kepubhc , and to cause the will of the people to be respected , you could not have believed it . The party of your adversaries had been completely beaten at the elections What then has dared to raise their heads ? Has
happened that " they have not the Government performed its duty ? ( Yes , yes . ) Has not the Grand Council acted for the interest of all ? Why has this Assembly become necessary ? I will tell you . A protocol has been drawn up in London regarding the riffiits of the Sovereignty of the King of Prussia to the Canton . ( Several voices , 'He has none . ) On that our adversaries have thought that they might destroy all we have done since 1848 . Is our will no longer of any avail ? Does the King of Prussia again believe that he can oppress the great majority by a minority ? ( Several voices , < It is unjust . ' ) Whatever may be the tenor of the protocol , we will not acknowledge it . (< No , no : long live the Republic . ' ) The protocol signifies nothing , unless it proves that the great majority of the people wish to return under the ancient yoke . Wo do not regard the interest of the great powers "; we sec but the interest of the country . We will be Swiss , and nothing but Swiss ; but you must trivo your assent , not verbally , but in writing . ( Enthusiastic cheers ) That is the reason why the committee
propose to you to sign a declaration . Upon this , the ' declaration was handed round and signed . A second resolution , adopted in like manner , was thus framed — - " The people of Neufchatcl demand of the Government the adoption of necessary measures for suppressing the agitation against , the Republic , and for punishing the agitators ; for this purpose it also demands the immediate convocation of the Grand Council . The Jieime do G-enhoe says , that the London horoignoflieo protocol has boon brought to the knowledge of the members of the Federal Council , but only confidentially . The protocol , it is observed , is of very little significance , since it merely records a resolution on the part ot the powers , that , if even the question of Neufchafel is raised , it shall be dealt with on the bases of the treaties ot 1 HU > . The Swiss publicists do not for a moment admit ; that , these treaties assure . sovereign right to the King of Prussia . M Thiers , it seems , has changed his mind , and is still tranquilly enjoying the leisure of an honourable exilo at
The Ihile Gazette of ( ho fith says : — " M . TIimts is hI . iII at Vevev . He is provided with a passport signed by the Swiss Charge d \ AHairs in Paris , and cannot therefore be considered us a refugee . It is positively . slate , I » . t he expulsion of M . Thier . s lias neilher bee ., demanded by < he French t iovernnient , nor resolved by the I' ederal < ouncil . A Berlin journal ( writes the Prussian Correspondent of Iho Daily News ) contained , a few days ago , . some severe but well-merited remarks on the bare-faec . l trick played offbytho Grand Duke of Hesse upon his Chambers , by and then suddenlproroguing
HHiii » m » K » 1 > Hi" supplies , y i he Assembly , iuxt . as i ! was about to discuss a most , vital . mestion , U . e maintenance of the Zollvcrem As tins course was fallen in order to avert , unfavourable cr . lic . sm on the Austrian tendencies of the Grand Duke , ll . e . senuollicial <> r .. ih' « irfiisr / , c . Cornspmidcnz assures its readers , Hint "the Princes of Germany may with confidence remain attached to Austria , which will ik-vci- disavow its principles - and possesses , moreover , the necessary resources lor rendering to its allies all the miceour , physical and moral , which they may need . "
A letter from Berlin of the Hth , in the l < h »« ncip < iti <» i ol Brussels , nay . " ,: - "Two recent acts of the Prussian Government appear fo Imvk atfraHe . l notice . First , it has directed the clergy of the evangelical communion to watch over the missions .. Mho Jesuits , and to laLo ere that , they do not , disturb I he m . blic peace ; and next , it has authorized Iho eeeles .-,, s < i
If appears ( writes the Correspondent ol the Ihiihf News ) that Austria and France are bent upon the d . sn . em-| lrnnenf of i | M , Swiss confederation . Certain . ! , is that ,, equations Iiilvo been going on between these two courts relative lo Hie French project , of annexing the ( afl . ol . c populations of the Jura , which were once under her sway . Austria , on I ,,,- side , would ho equally glad to annex the TcHsia , and other eastern cantons ; but , being bound by Htrieler cngiigeincnfH than Franco towards the other European powers , hIim obieotn to the dismemberment proponed , unloBB tUo dotuchod portions of tho Bwi «»
eoniodcrution be declared a neutral territory , under the collective protectorate of the Catholic powers . Letters from Ostrowow , on the confines of Poland , state , that a great number of persons have fled thither from the neighbouring Polish town of Kalisch , where the cholera is raging with great intensity , tho deaths having amounted to forty daily out of a population of ten thousand . This rate of mortality is as high as if in London ten thousand a day were carried off . , the Governments of Wurtemburg , Saxony , and Bavaria , have come to an understanding with Austria for the establishment in common of consulates in foreign countries . From Spain we learn , that the rumours of a coupd etat are revived , in consequence of an article in the Omen , concluding with these words : " The President ot the Council expects his colleagues at La Granja , and every-Miin « r induces a belief that the journey to that royal
residence will be fruitful of incidents , which we will endeavour to lay before our readers as they occur . " The Bisorqimento of Turin , of the 6 th , gives the following singular ' intelligence from Forli , in the Roman States . Four persons were shot there on a charge of killing a man , named Romanini , by throwing stones at him ; but , notwithstanding the sentence of the court-martial , the majority of the inhabitants of Forli were of opinion that two of them were not only innocent , but had proved an alibi . As a manifestation of public opinion in this affair , the theatre was deserted on the 24 th ult ., and on the following day the shops were kept closed . The delegate of Jjoru seeing this , issued the following notification in the afternoon of the 25 th : — ..
" The Delegate of tho City and Province of Forli : —It is not to be tolerated that the shops » nd warehouses should remain any longer closed . Therefore we enjoin all merchants , shopkeepers , and speculators whatever of Jjorh immediately to open their shops , on pain of the most rio-orous punishment . This order must be complied with by five o ' clock this evening . —From our residence , June < so , 1852 . The Apostolical Delegate , G . Milesi . " It would seem , however , that this order did not generally produce the desired effect ; for , three days afterwards , the Austrian military commandant issued a notification , imposing various fines of from 15 f . to 200 f ., upon 72 merchants and shopkeepers , who had not complied with the delegate ' s order ; the said fines to be paid within two days on pain of arrest . ducal decree
The Tuscan Moniteur brings a grand on the subject of primary and secondary education . A primary school is instituted in each commune , and a secondary school in every town having a population of 4000 souls . There is also to be a Lyceum at each of the following towns—viz ., at Florence , Lucca , Leghorn , Pisa , Sienna , and Arezzo , and a gynasium at every town where a public institution specially destined to literary studies at present exists . The most " curious portion of the decree is yet , to be quoted . Private instruction is free ; but is under the surveillance of the Government as to the soundness of the doctrines taught , and is also subject to the inspection of the bishops . The public schools are placed under the care of the Minister of Public Instruction , and , as far as concerns religious teaching , under episcopal superintendence .
, Edward Murray ' s fate is still undecided . But we arc glad to learn that ho has been removed to a less unhealthy prison , and that his health is better in consequence . " Mr . Moore , tho British Consul" ( writes the Correspondent of the Morning Chronicle ) , " who sees him weekly , has invariably found him firm in his denial of all guilt ; and , considering his debilitated health , astonishingly consistent and resolute in repudiating tho accusations that have been brought , against him . Ho also protests against a , trial by the secret , tribunal of the Sacra Consults , arid with reason , and declares himself ready to abide the result of a regular trial by tho ordinary courts of the land . Ho spurns ° fhe idea of any appeal to ' the clemency of the Holy Father , and aflirms that he will leave that prison under the wing of no act of grace , but as an innocent man , or not , at , all . These are , most certainly , not tho
characteristics of a guilty man . " Wholesale arrests of committees , discoveries of secret , papers , emanating from the national party , Jmyo recently been made in Lombardy . Cruelties not credible of any other power , have been renewed by Austria , as if to drive the victims of oppression to desperation . But , a nation ho pertinacious in its heroic , endurance , so faithful in its patriotism , ko purged and tried by sulloring , can waif , as well as strike . Here are facts to be registered by the Friends of Italy in this country , and to bo remembered by all who abet , Austrian dominion in Italy . We quote from the Daily News , always so well informed on Italian a Hairs : —
A letter , dated Milan , July . ' 5 , states that it , has been ascertained that the body of Signor I ' e / . / otti , who was found strangled in a Milanese dungeon immediately after his arrest , was instantly cut open , with a view to get possession of some papers which be had swallowed at , the moment of his arrest . If is said , too , that the tale of his having strangled himself is a mere invention to conceal the fact , that he was assassinated . However incredible this may appear , the remembrance of the linn and calm nature of poor Pozofti makes if still more dillicull , to bolicve that he committed suicide . Arrests continue at , Brescia , Pavia , ( Veniona . At Cremona , one Antonio Binda , a landed proprietor , has been arrested along with other * . To those arrested at , Mantua , has to he added the name of Count Arrivubene .
At , A ' enire ninny deplorable arrests have been made - Ncnrgellini , Cimal , /^ anibelli , Ferracini , and others . Here , as at , Mantua , the arrests have linen made in succession , this being an old trick of the Austrian police , to induce the imprisoned to believe that , they have been denounced by their previously arrested companions , and ho to spread abroad through ( lie liberal purl , of society ( he suspicion ol mutual treachery . Altogether at Mantua tho arrests hitherto known »\ - ceod ono hundred ; ut Vouico tuero lmvo beon in all
welfare of Italy . Tell how they tear fathers from children , children from parents , husbands from wives , —tell how they throw r honest men into prison , —how they insult them by binding them in transport vans , refusing the re « quest of their families to be allowed to convey them in other vehicles at their own expense , —tell how they manacle them during the journey , and order those to be bound still tig hter who implore to have the irons a little loosened , and how they refuse every possible alleviation to their sufferings in prison . Tell how they treat those as condemned who are yet under trial , chaining them with
eighteen ; in the other towns the numbers are proportionate . It is impossible to describe what a misfortune to Lombardy is this fresh , razzia of the police among the most intelligent and honourable of her young men . Austria seems determined not to leave one thinking man free in her Italian dominions . What effects these atrocities are producing on the Italians themselves may be inferred from the following extract from , the letter of a correspondent of the Piedmonteso paper " the Italia e Popolo , " writing from Mantua , on July 1 , and complaining of the silence and indifference of the ' ministerial papers of Piedmont on the subject of cruelties so horrible . "Do you , at least , " says the correspondent to the editor of the Italia e Popolo , " see that these things are spoken of by those who seek the real
one hand and one foot together , and obliging them thus to remain huddled up on the ground in tho most painful position . Tell how they threaten the rod , and often use it for vengeance alone , or to extract confession . Besides these physical tortures , they assail the moral man with continual threats of death , as in the case of the hero Giovanni Grioli , and with irony , scorn , and insult . They abuse the holiest feelings , telling parents who implore mercy for their unhappy children , that the only means of saving them is to persuade them to betray their accomplices , and confess their crimes , and even when there are no accomplices and no crimes . the of the caused
" I write to you under impression grief by the fresh arrests made in our provinces , by which we have lost ( imprisoned or fled ) upwards of a hundred of our . best citizens . " Bou Maza , the Algerine chief , has escaped from ilam . The Suisse , of Berne , announces that the negotiations which have been for some time pending relative to the conclusion of a treaty of commerce and friendship between the Helvetic Confederation and the United States , have had the result aimed at , and that Mr . Dudley Mann , tho American plenipotentiary , has left on his return to Washington . , The Emperor of Austria returned to Vienna on the 10 th , and was to leave again the samo evening , to continue his progress in Hungary .
A letter from Vienna states that it has been resolved to strike off from the list of " private counsellors" the functionaries and others who favoured or did not oppose the revolution of 1848 . The dignity of " private counsellor is one of the highest in Austria ; it gives the title ot -Excellency , " and entrance to the Court . Tho first person to bo removed from the list is , it is said , Baron de Pdlersdorff , who at one time was President of the Council ot Ministers .
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INDIA AND IJURMAH . The usual telegraphic despatch from Trieste , dated the 12 th inst ., has been received . The dates from Bombay nre to the 5 th of June ; from Calcutta to the 3 rd of June , and from Rangoon to the 26 th of May . Hessein had been taken by assault by General Godwin , with the loss of three men killed , and seven oflicers and 24 men wounded . The General had left a garrison in Bessein , and returned to Rangoon . Nothing was known us to the intentions of the King of Ava , nor of future operations . The troops were in good health . The monsoon had set in , and commerce had consequently ceased for the season . Sir Colin Campbell had met with hoiiio hard lighting , and was not expected , to return to Peshawur for some time .
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CO-Ol'KKATIVK LKAGIJK . Mr . K . Nash occupied the Chair on Tuesday . Mr . ItoiiKin' OwJ < : tf read a paper on the " Science ot Society . " The author contended that man ' s feelings thoughts , will , and action were formed for and not l > y him , otherwise none would have unpleasant feelings or unwise thoughts , and consequently none could reasonably he praised or blamed , punished or rewarded , for their conduct . No science of society could be created till this error was removed , and it be admitted that each man is formed by the creating power of the universe , and the conditions with which society surrounds him . The object of this science is to produce the cordial union of the human race . Hut this cannot bo elVected while men suppose that each man forms his own character ; so long as 1 , 1 ns error shall continue Micro can lie no genuine love , none of that spirit which Nullcretli long , and is kind . The true principle being now ascertained , progress may be made to the perniunci . li happiness of all by forming a . superior character for all , and surrounding all with ample wealth . The object is , how to make man from his birth good , wise , and happy . This has not been done hitherto , because all societies have been formed on the supposition that each one forms his own character , and should be responsible to Mociety for it , mid thereforo failed- Look /» t tlio conditions now existing in
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fll 7 fi THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 17, 1852, page 676, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1943/page/8/
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