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$3R %*r Jtywp i\ ft py.4.
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^nlilir Maits.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE NATIONAL PROSPERITY AND THE WORKTNG-MAN . I The colliers and iron-men of South Staffordshire are causing obstruction to the : staples of the country , by an obstinate demand for higher wages ; and great is the indignation . It is hinted that we have been legislating long enough in favour of labour , and ought now to give capital a turn . But what has been the special legislation in favour of labour ? Capital has had its privileges . Arbitrary combination laws , or the arbitrary enforcements of those laws , prevent men from combining to protect their own interests , although masters habitually combine , as we saw painfully illustrated by the case of the tin-plate workers at Wolverhampton . The law of unlimited liability in partnership is frequently suspended in favour of great capitalist undertakings , while the working-man vainly asks for the same privilege in favour of his own humbler enterprises . If any recent boon has been conferred upon the labouring classes , it has been by that Free-trade which has brought plenty to all , and also such an extraordinary impulse to the trade of the employing classes .
A great boon , indeed , has recentlj been conferred on the labouring classes , but not by legislation : the discovery of the gold-diggings is a boon that has been conferred by God alone . And , while it has brought benefits as yet incalculable upon tlic commerce of this country , it has most especially benefited the working-man . It Las opened to him regions where hard labour is the short , straight road to wealth . In Australia , lie who digs is the Croosus . Uut it has done yet more : by stimulating emigration , it has powerfully contributed to thin the labour-market , and it has done so to a greater extent than by the mere migration to the diggings , since it has
greatly stimulated emigration generally . It has thus enhanced the value of the labourer remaining at home . This effect has . been foreseen rather by ox-onomisls and employers than felt by the men ; but the effect . for them will come about , sooner or later . If ; is now just beginning in the coal and iron trades , and the employers arc resisting the rise of wages ; but , of course , they will have to give- way . That the claim of the men is founded in justice ( he employers admit , by acceding to it iii some degree . I f they arc now prepared to grant sixpence per ton of ooahs , or two shillings a day , they admit that ( ho men have hitherto noL been
receiving ho much as it is righi , to pay them : a . nd f . ho men , therefore , are justified in ijmitfting upon more . But the claim of the men rests upon a , much broader basis . At no period in the history of the country has there- been ho avuIo an extension of prosperity , or a prosperity resting on a , sounder hasis . Manchester lias been doing an innnenye . stroke , of business , and has just learned that it will have an unprecedented supply of the raw material from America . ; while there \ n every prospect , ibn . t the ensuing spring will nee an extended
market for cotton goodn . Lends and tho clot . h-distrietN are restricted in their extending trade only by the want of wool , which threatens to /' all short in Australia ,. Birmingham is tho armoury of more than Knghind , and in already lording weapons for tin- , approaching array of military power , to nay nothing of railway' extensions , and other civil demands for manufactured " ¦ on . Tho flipping trade is not only employed to a dognw never known before , but in extending with a , rapidit y unexampled , unimaginable . And " order . s" continue to pour in on one Hide , a « fast m gold poui-H in on the other . Of course , in Hiich a wtnto of trade , tho
manufacturers and traders generally are making great and rapid returns . If three orders come where two used to be , the holders of those orders are making at least three profits instead of two . "We all know that that is much to understate the case . But , in such a condition of affairs , assuredly justice would dictate that a share of the universal prosperity should not be withheld from the men . We know that they have already benefited by Pree-trade in the cheapening of provisions ; but so have other classes . And the prospects of a
bad harvest at home are diminishing that benefit to the working-man , for flour is already rising , and the loaf is a penny dearer . Bread , indeed ' ought to be dearer , since there is a prospect of some degree of dearth . HN " ot scarcity , for supplies will be drawn from abroad ; but they may cost more ; and it is well to be prepared gradually for that greater cost . It will probably be compensated by our greater means . But , then the working-classes ought to share those greater means . Justice , therefore , will sanction any success which the men can attain in the contest .
But we believe that , in the long run , the masters would not benefit by beating the men . If the men are to aid the masters under the pleasant pressure of brisk and continually increasing business , they must work with a will , and they will do so best if they find themselves liberally treated . The truth is well known as belonging to human nature generally ; but it has been repeatedly tested in the history of industry . Everybody knows that an English workman is more valuable than a workman of other coun
tries , although the rate of his wages may be nominally higher . The plan of beating down , of " saving" at every turn , has been tried , and found wanting . The opponents of the Ten-Hours Act admit that its principle is good , and not bad , as they once insisted . Slop-clothing , ill made by infected hands , is growing less fashionable than it was not long since . Some of the newest commercial establishments rely on tiie
principle of generous treatment for their workpeople . Price ' s Patent Candle Company provides education and training for the young , encourages recreation , religious advice , and provident habits amongst its adults ; and finds that a generous humanity " pays . " Railways are showing , by their disasters to person and property , that cutting down th # margin of liberality towards the working-man as a false ceconomy ; while the Peninsular and Oriental Steam
Navigation Company , which has 100 , 000 persons dependent on its employments , applies the liberal principle to its dealings all round , and is establishing a business as vast and wealthy as a small state . The principle holds good in iron , coal , or cotton , as in candles , cloth , or shipping . Wo have to get up iron and coal from the deeps of the earth , as fast as we can ; we have to work up iron , wool , and cotton , at a pace unprecedented , in order to get back , w ith a full enjoyment of opportunity , corn , gold , and profit . ] Now the working hands will never do the drudgery so well , O masters ! as if you lend to them a reasonable share of that prosperity which is so pleasantly
intoxicating yourselves . Dram them with a modicum of the golden elixir vita ) which you arc drawing through so many channels , from Australia , and California ,, and the other sources of wealth , and then fee how their heart will bo in . their arms . For there is a good time corning , — nay , it , ban begun , both for masters and men . Use it , not onl y to heap up wealth , but to improve the relations between the two great sections of industry , and , by tho blessing of God , both sections shall be not only the happier , but the wealthier—their common country happi < " "> wealthier , and more secure in its grand career .
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SI'A IN . Tins attempt of the ' Royid household in Spain to ( rany a change of ( Government by a coup-d'Stat and to assimilate it more closely to the absolutist coiiHi , itution of the other Governments in JOuropu a I , - the present nioineutjian boon adapted to the circumstanccH -of tho Spanish capital ; but it has encountered dillicultieH at the outset , un < l must encounter still more , uh tho inaaaaivre is extended , in order to its own eonipletion . The plan of action differed very materially from the plan adopted in Paris , and we shall presently « ee the reason why . instead of promulgating a change of tho constitution in an autocratic , proclamation , tho change , wa , H Bubmitted to the OorleH ; but it wuh not , tho Ichh
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Smith , W M Trollope , Sir J Wellesley , Lord C Smyth , K J Tudway , E C Whiteside , J Smollett , A Turner , C Whitmore , H Somerset , Captain Tyler , Sir G "Wigram , L T Sotheron , T Jf Tyrell , Sir J T Williams , T P S poo tier , R Tan cc , J Willoughby , Sir H Stafford , A Vane , Lord A "VVodehouse , E Stanhope , JB Vansittart , G H Worcester , Marquis Stanley , Lord Verner , Sir W Wyndham , General Sfephenson , li Villiers , Hon F Wyndbam , W Stirling , W Vivian , J E Wynn , II W W St . urtvH G Vyse , 11 II R Wynn , Sir W Talbot . CRM . AVaddington , D Wynne , W W E Taylor , Colonel Walcott , Admiral Yorlce , Hon E T Taylor , H Walpole , S H tellers . Theaiger , Sir ~ F "Walsh , Sir J B '¦ Bateson , T Thompson , Aldermn AVolby , Sir G E Mackenzie , W . F Tollemache , J NOES . A'Court , C H W Freestuu , Col Norreys , Sir D J Aleoek , T French , P O'Brien , C Anderson , Sir J Gardner , E O'Brien , P Anson , Hon Gen Geach , C O'Brien , Sir T Armstrong , It B Gibson , T M O'Connell , M Atherton , AV" Gladstone , W O'Flaherty , A Baincs , M T GHyn , G C Oliveira , B Ball , J Goderieh , Vise Osbo ' rne , E Baring , H B Goodman , Sir G' Otway , A J ¦ ; Baring , Sir FT Goulburn , H Paget , ; Lord A Barnes , T Gowcr , Hon F L Paget , Lord G Bass , 31 T „ Grace , ODJ Pechcll , Sir G B Beaumont , AV B Graham , Sir J ' Peel , F Bell , J Greene ,- J Peel , Colonel Bellew , Capt Grogson , S Pellatt A Berkeley , Adm Greville , Col F Phillimore , J G Berkeley , Hon H F Grosvenor , Lord E Phiun , T Berkeley , Hon C F Hadfield , G Piffott , F Bethell . ' E Hall , Sir B Pillriugton , J Biddulph , R M Hanmer , Sir J Pinncy , AV . Biggs , AV , Harcourt , GG Pollard , ITrquhartW Blackett , J F B Hastie , Alex Povtman , Hon AV Bonham-Cartcr , J Hasfcie , Arch Potter , R Bouverie , lion E Headlam , T E Power , N Bowyer , G Hencliy , D O'C Price , Sir E Boyle , Hou Col Heneaipe , 6 P : * Price W P Brady , J Herbert , H A Eicardo , O Brand , Hon H B Herbert , S Eich , H Bright , J Hervey , Lord A Eobartea , T J A Broeklehurst , J Heywood , J Eoehe , E B Broclunan , E D Biggins , G G O Rumbold , C E Brotherton , J Hogg-, Sir J AV Russell , Lord J Brown , H Howard , Hon C AV KusselJ , FCH Brown , AV Howard . Hon E Sadleir , James * Browne , A Hume , J Sadleir , John Bruce , Lord E Hutchins , E J Sawle , C B G Bruce , H A Hutt , AV" Scholefield , W Butler , C S Jngliam , E Scobell , Captain Byng , Hou G K " Jackson , AV Scrope , G- P C . irfcer , S Je . rmyn , tEarl Scully , F Caulfeild , Col Jolmstone , J ScullVyV Cavendish , ITon C Johnston * , Sir J Seymour , Lord Cavendish , Hon G Keating , E yeymonr , H D ChaU is , Aid Keating , IIS Seymour , AV D Chambers , M Kennedy . T Shafto . It D Chambers , T Keogh , ' W Shoo , AV Chaplin , AV . J Korahaw , J Sbelburne , Earl Cliiirterid , Him F King , lion P , TX Shelley , Kir J V Cbeetham . J TCingseot e , E N Sheridan , E B Clay , J Kinnaird , Hon A Smith , , T A Clay , Sir AV Kirk , AV Smith , J j ! Clifford , H M Labnuchere , II Smith , MT Clinton , Lord R Lning , S Smith , K V Cobbett , J M Lanfiston , J II SUillbrd , Marquis of Cobden , It Langlon , II G Stanley , lion AV Cockbuvn , Sir A Litslett . W Stansfield , W It Collin , \ V Lawless , Hon O Stapleton , ' J Collier , R P Lawley , Hou F C Strickland , . Sir G Cowan , C Lavard , A 11 Strult . 15 Owvpor , Hon AV ! Legh , G C Sluart , Lord IV Cniulurd , E 11 J Lemon , Sir C . Sullivan , J \ I Crook , J Lewia , Sir T F Sntlon , J J £ M Orossley , V Loeko , J Swift H Crow . ler , E li Lockhart ., A E Thic-kii .-HHC , E A < ll 'f" ' . 11 . l ;» v ( . ( l ,. n , 1 > Thompson , G . DiUihwood , Sir ( , Lowe , 11 Thornely T IMvie , Sir H K V Lucas , 1 'I ' oTnlinn . O Ocuisun , 10 Lm-e , T Towneley , C Deinson , . 1 fC Alaoauliiy , T B Tmill ( J . DevereiiK , J T l \ lud ; ie , . 1 Tudhell , II . Jivctij , K Miwjkinnon , AV A Tynto , Colonel . riimlanr . g , Vih M ' Oa . n ,, J V-. uu > , Lord U . u / 1 , < . S M'Grcgor , . T Vornon , ( i [ 0 Tl " . ' ^ , ,, M'i \ lali <» i ., I' Villiera , Ifoii C L » » lv . C ( - IM'Ta ^ arl ., Hir J Vivian , . I IJ Unite , Kir . 1 Mrigaii , AV II \ 'ivi : m 11 R IJuncm . G Al .-iguiiv , J F A ' yvyan , Sir It Diirii-oinbc , T Mni . fdi'H , It 1 ) VVsill , C I ) Dun . las , K IMi . r . sliall , \ V AViilninh-v , Hir J Dunlop , A I \ l ^ fH . rl . in . 1 AV .-iller . 1 l ) l 1 " " JM AliisHiiv , AV N AV ' jirner 10 ImcI . h , \ V Mntlit'sDii , A . Wells \ V I ';'''/" ' ' ' ' ' M . ifheHui ) , Sir , T AVlm ' liey , « U | t I'' " ' ' . Miuil . t . I 1 < mi Colonel AVhutninn . 1 ' . lh .. t ,, lion . I K Alennlier . 'j' Wliithr « ud , H K . n . ona .- . 1 WinU . K AVi . Klmin , II W mi ^ Ioi . Karl ,. Milli on , It AVillcinsou , W A Kviins , Sir IH- U Milln , 'L « VV . lJoox , jt M'Cj V """ r Milii .-r , W T \ l 10 WiUiaiuH , W V viirl - V ; . Mil" ^ . n M AV . hum . 1 a iiu , W Mill ,,,,, ViM . iounl , Wilson , ftl I cri'UMon , V ii Miii'linll 'I' A \ i ¦ ¦ . ¦•• m ¦< k . thum ., » : . » m ,: ( v ! :. ; , \' ScTa ' | fil « Ki-riil . l , . IJ ) Mol .-H ^ ortli , Sir AV \ Vo ,,, | ' ( sir O - ; / . rnil . , . Sir . l M ., n ,-Ji , Visrounl . W . m . l , Sir AV I ' I'll / . rov , lion II M ,, hmi ( I 1 , \\ Wurlli-v I M i ^ wilij . -,,.,, n » a w Mo ,,.-,. . < i iv nv ,, , ' V ^ ,, % n l '< il «' . ¦) H II . MoHtyn , lion . 10 Wvvill M l- ' tn > , l .-r , M ¦ l \ lu | . niv .. , lOarl of V < iuii |' ' Mir I l'"r- ' ¦•¦ - <> IMmitz , ( , ' I '' ! ' ' ' (; rl'V '< : Mt . r « , C . loiiH ¦>• ,:,.,,, („ ., , " - ' * ' Murphy , F ' S Hiiyler , W ( 1 ' 1 > ^ ' . Norreyn , l-ord . It . irkcley , ( j ANALYSIS OK TMK DIVISION . JMajority ( Icllrrs incliKlrih ; id 7 Minority ( Iclli-rn included ) " o lVired dj ,. Alisont--- (' oii . torvnlivcM ' ^ i ' l / il » criil . « ift i - ¦" CliuiriiiiMi ol ( . ' ujiimiileiiMMr . \ V . I ' nl ((•» 1 Ncid . 'i \' aciinl . <' iirlow ( Joiiul y . . , | .. ' I'Oll . loll I ( /| , Kiiiin \ -ilioroii ;; h . . . 'J J
^Nlilir Maits.
^ nlilir Maits .
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There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep ' thing's fixed when all the world is hy the very law of ifs creation in eternal progress . —Du . Abnold .
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SATURDAY , DECEMBER 18 , 1852 .
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1206 THE LEADER . [ Saturday , ^^^^^^^ m ^ tt
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 18, 1852, page 1206, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1965/page/10/
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