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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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at sea , easy to be carried , to explode in the water , and to blow up an enemy ' s ship with annihilating certainty , has been publicly described . The recruiting of the Ordnance goes on satisfactorily . Sir Harry Smith has been appointed to , $ he command of the Western Militia ^^ £ 0 % Our category of crimes , casualtjgg , and litigation has been unusually full . ( jjgprge Hudson , M . P ., has been again before a court of Equity to account for £ & £ posses ^ jp . < if railway . * shares to the number of some thousands , including more than a thousand confessedly reserved for himself , besides others given away to land-owners whose names are kept secret . Sir John Romilly takes time to consider his judgment . Constant Derra de Moroda is again obtruding his " false imprisonment" on the Law-courts , and there is to be a new trial of the Birmingham gentlemen , whose hospitality he enjoyed in common with the ee Baroness" von Beck . A new trial also has sprung up in the Court of Queen ' s Bench , in the case of Regina versus Newman , which was to have come on , on Monday , but was postponed in the absence of Mr . Justice Erie . On Thursday , Sir Frederick Thesiger argued that the Court ought not to put Achilli to the trouble and expense of a new trial ; an edifying forensic fiction , considering that it was the common talk of Westminster Hall , and even the gossip of the students in the Inns of Court , that a rule absolute would satisfy Dr .
Newman ' s desire for a complete vindication . The inquest on the railway accident at Oxford has terminated in a verdict of manslaughter against the guard , Kinch . As the accident is readily traced to the whole system of management on the railway , and as everybody was distinguished by habitual disregard of rules , Kinch was as amenable to retribution as the rest ; and , as Kinch is only a guard , arrest in his case will not be so inconvenient as if he were a director or other
respectable person . No doubt it was felt that somebody ought to be punished ; and perhaps , when more evidence shall be collected , Kinch may turn out to be the principal delinquent . Who knows ? This little contretemps to Kinch has not checked the sports of the rail ; for already in one day we have a report of two interesting accidents on the Yorkshire and Lancashire Railway ; where trains have been overtaking each other in the usual slashing style .
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ELECTION MATTERS . KETUEN OF MB . GLADSTONE . The remainder of the story of the University election is brief but significant . The prolongation of the contest lessened Mr . Gladstone ' s majority every day by a few votes , but it hat-- served to show that tho opposition wan fruitless and vexatious . The Viee-Chaneellor , who presides over tho voting , opened the Convocation House only for short periods during the day , when the twenty or thirty voters polled in small batches . The secret of the opposition has oo / cd out through the indiscreet lips of one of the heads of houses ( him of Morton ?) . He was heard to say that it was intended "to worry Mr . Gladstone out of his seat , " whether he was elected or not . Coupling this with the famous sentence in Archdeacon Denison ' n letter to Mr . Canon Trevor—* ' whatever tho issue of the present contest Mr . Gladstone ' s seat is // one "—we have the key of the whole proceeding . A contest for ever is promised—a contest on personal grounds . Hut the present contest is now over . Mr . Gladstone ' s majority decreased from I ' M ) on Fridny to Jit ) on Wednesday . Hy this time he had polled J 004 votes . At the close of the poll on Thursday , at three o ' clock , tho numbers were—Gladstone . 1022 Perceval ........ 81 ) 8 Majority . • 124 On the last 'day , therefore , Mr . Gladstone polled 18 , to I * for Mr . IVreeval ! Thus terminated the most memorable of all the contested elections unstained with unparalleled rancour on 0110 wide and indomitable energy on the other ; probably the last contested election of iifteen days' duration which will lui witnessed by this century . Mr . Gladstone is again member for the University of Oxford .
DEFE 4 f OF MJB , S 4 g | . EIB . Virulent antago ^ pm 4 » < Jie part of the Tenant League and religioyg ( equality m / e * , and the steady rush of the Orange pajfc into the gap in the ranks of their opponents , havf ( jiharacterized the struggle for the 0 Hf } ow sea& | ttast week Mr . F ^ poterick Lucas « p 4 segge R ^ mqjjj ^ tholie priests w ^ pt dbjyn to Owjcfaw , b $ the peog | j » would not listen fa > th # ir speeches ; and thjsy precipf $ j $ ely rp&eated back upon Dublin . On M ^ R ^ ay the gpmina # fln took piape , and « o great was $ e excitement tja # | £ r . Sadleir pud Mr . Alexander ^ hjf opponent , with difficulty obtained a hearing . Mr .
Sadleir ' s speech , consequently , is somewhat disjointed and fragmentary ; but we can gather enough from the report to state , that he scornfully repudiates the direct allegations of treachery made by his opponents . He has not given up any opinion ; he will not violate any pledge . Lord John Enssell had had the manliness to proffer a " political refutation" of his course on the Papal Aggression matter ; and he had accepted it . Mr . Alexander , in his speech , simply appealed to the pockets of his auditory . Was not he a charitable man ? Did he not treat his tenants kindly ? He had always , and would always , help them with his purse and his personal services : so they had better return " the Carlow boy" than the " stranger . " The show of hands went for Mr . Sadleir ; but it was a close run . The next day an Orangeman stabbed a Catholic in the streets ; the military were quartered in the town ; and all was turmoil . The polling took place on Wednesday . The contest was decided by two o ' clock , when all the voters but thirteen had polled . Mr . Alexander had then a majority of six , on a gross poll of 184 . At the close the relative numbers were the same—Alexander 97 Sadleir 91 Majority . . - . 6 This is the first defeat of the new Administration .
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THE MADIAI . It now appears that the report of the death of Francesco Madiai was incorrect ; but a great deal of sympathy which has been poured out , in consequence , is not altogether wasted . A deputation from the Protestant Alliance waited on Lord John Russell , on Monday , and proposed extreme measures on behalf of religious liberty in Tuscany . Their spokesman , the Honourable Arthur Kinnaird , stated why and for what the Madiai had been arrested ; and how vainly British and foreign Protestants , and . the King of Prussia , had sought their liberation . Instead of that , indeed , the number of victims was on the increase ; not less than thirty being now in prison , for offending against the established
religion , by believing another . The Romau Catholics in this country were , he believed , quite divided in opinion upon the rights of this case , many of them being indi gnant that such persecution should be resorted to as a . means of advancing their religion . Mr . Kinnaird expressed the earnest desire of the deputation that some distinct application should be made by the British Minister at Florence , for the immediate liberation of all these prisoners , and that this should be supported , if necessary , by an intimation to the Grand Duke , that if by his commands the rights of conscience and of humanity were thus outraged in his dominions , it would become the duty of other civilized states to withdraw from diplomatic relations with Tuscany .
Lord John Russell said that with respect to the particular case of the Madiai , his sentiments were very much in accordance with those of the deputation . The prosecution had been instituted under tho law passed in 178 G , which was an enlightened time . Ho approved of the course pursued by the late Government upon the subject , and from despatches received by the present Government , it appeared that Sir II . IJulwcr was still anxiously employed in the coye ; but with respect to any further steps which it might be considered proper to take in communicating with an independent sovereign , his lordship begged to be allowed to reserve his opinion . Tho deputation , having thanked his lordship , then withdrew .
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HOW WAR IS CONDUCT 101 ) IN Dl / RMAH . Wah , in the hands of General Godwin , appears to be chiefly terrible to the British soldier ; at all events , the enemy is safe enough . The latest news from Rangoon is singularly illustrative of this view . It is true that General Godwin , with 1200 men , captured Pegue , after 11 two hourw' Hiegt' , on the 21 « t of November , with the Ioks of six killed and thirty-two wounded ; but then , Major Cotton , with : $ ()<) men , had taken it , in May hist , with no loss at all ! It in true that Sir John Cheapo holds Promc with a strong force of 7000 men ; but , then , tho Burmese , whom the gallant Tarleton had driven from the river ' s banks , have roturnod , pitched
upon comman ^ iQa points , established batteries , and actually fire at the fgpqjjl jtfganiers plying to and fro . On one occ ^ sipjj , a gfftaty party , commanded by Captain Gardner , fppe seg £ fn the Enterprise , to see that the Akqktoung heyjhja , oa the Irrawaddy , were kept clear of the enemy . Qij the morning of the 18 th he landed for the first time , and marched over the brow of the jeastern part of t ^ P hill , which is separated by a creek from the western , without any molestation , and without even seeing any qniB , although several armed men were observed on jioth sides of the hill from the Enterprise ,
whom a shell or two served to disperse . On the morning of the 19 th he again landed to reconnoitre the western hill . On its summit there are two pagodas encircled by a jungle , on approaching which a fire was opened on Captain Gardner ' s party . By this fire Captain Gardner and his havildar were struck down and six Sepoys wounded , and the remainder of the detachment were obliged to retreat to the river , being too hard pressed to bring away the body of their commander , whose head will be the first trophy of the sort that has been presented at the Court of Ava during the present war .
At the capture of Pegue , the troops and the enemy inarched in parallel lines , the former along the edge of the moat which defends one side of the town ; the latter on their ramparts . It was during this proceeding that the British were killed and wounded . As soon as they had dashed through the shallow ditch , the day was their own . Not the least remarkable part of the late news is , that rumours of the approach of great Burmese armies were disturbing the country people ; who had actually begun to lose confidence in English protection .
Strong reports existed at Calcutta that Pegue and Prome were to be annexed . It is almost impossible to doubt the rumours this time . And it is also said , on authority quite as good , that General Godwin has been positively forbidden to make war beyond the frontier of the about to be annexed country ; that is , he may clear the Pegue and Prome provinces , but make no attack on Ava ! Meanwhile , the Burmese are said to be stockading everywhere ; encouraged by the dilatory tactics of a superannuated Commander .
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NATIONAL DEFENCE : NEW AND WONDERFUL SHELL . Me . Nasmyth , of Patricroft , Manchester , the inventor of the steam-hammer , has informed the public through the Times , of a marvellous invention he has made—a " short range" —for destroying an invading naval force . He proposes to construct a large shell , which , placed in the chamber of a great brass mortar , six feet below water-line , and forming the prow of the vessel , part and parcel of the same ( which would measure about COO tons ) shall explode the instant it is brought in contact wi £ h an enemy ' s ship . This destructive agent would only require three or four m 6 n to attend to its navigation ; and tho mortar being part of the vessel—tho whole mass of which would come into play , thus absorbing all the recoil—they would not experience any sensible efiect from the discharge of the mortar-shell . " By reason of tho peculiar barrel-like construction of tho vessel , on tho prow of which the great mortar is fixed , and tho thickness of the timber on all sides , being from nino to toil feet , and < hat of poplar wood , not only would tho interior , where tho steam-engine and crow aro placed , bo perfectly inaccessible to tho effect of either rod-hot or cold shot , but by tho form of tho vessel it would present in most positions no surface favourable to shot taking effect ; and as the moans of propulsion would consist of a uuitable compact eteain-engiiio , of tho most simple construction , and a screw propeller submerged some ten or twolvo foot bolow water , both tho crow and machinery would bo quito out of harm ' s way . "
Tho construction of the shell would be of the most simple character , somewhat similar to tho Minie rifle ball , or in tho form of a huge thimble , containing a suitable charge of powder , and having a self-exploding cap at tho breech end ; of course , it will go off when crushed against the side of the enemy ' s « hip , into which it will force its way , " leaving a hole as wide as a church door . " The shell would bo encased in a copper water-tight case , and could lie for yearn under water without injury of any kind , and could bo brought into action on half an hour ' s notice .
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Brother . Jonathan , prolific of destructive weapons , has invented another rifle . It is loaded at the breech , tho wad of one discharge remains in the chamber , and then is projected by the next discharge , thus cleaning the barrel at the name time that the ball is fired . On a trial at Woolwich , on Wednesday , 1 OO balls were fired in fifteen minutes . Manchester has not altogether adopted the pure |> cuco doctrines . At a Into meeting of the Commercial Association , the president , while complaining of the abstraction made by the Militia Act from tho labour market , yet » ai < i if any wero to bo drawn , ho hoped they nil
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74 THE LEADER . tSATURDAY ^
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 22, 1853, page 74, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1970/page/2/
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