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Leader (1850-1860), 23rd July 1853, Edition 1 of 1, Page 706, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      exceptions of trade , but as its rule , were never so enormous as now . The commercial reports quote rates of advance as high as 100 , 150 , 200 , 300 , 400 , and even 2 400 per cent . The agricultural prospects are most encouraging . It is thought that in the principal gramgrowing . districts there is a greater breadth of land under cultivation and a . richer promise for the next harvest than in any former year . The want of labour is felt throughout all the ramifications of society . The description of labour most called for is that of mechanics , especially carpenters , masons , bricklayers , plasterers , blacksmiths , cabinetmakers —in short , all persons employed in rearing and furnishing human habitations .

      In Victoria , there seems more activity in the public mind than . in the other colony . At Geelong , a public meeting was held to protest against the Government regulations which restrict the acquisition of land . At nearly all of the Victoria gold fields post-offices have been established . A council-chamber , to cost 150 , 000 ? ., and a Government-house , to cost 50 , 000 Z ., are to be built at Melbourne . In Sydney , there has been great dissatisfaction at the imperfection of the steam communication with England . The tardiness of the mail-packet

      voyages had caused embarrassment . In many instances merchants found themselves in the strange position of having received goods without the invoices , the latter having been transmitted by the steamer ' s mails under the full expectation that they would come to hand long before the cargoes , a process just the reverse of what has happened . But the merchandise being in urgent demand , sales were effected at conjectural prices , good care being taken , however , to leave an ample margin for profit , whatever the invoice prices may turn out to be .

      One item in the Australian papers reminds us how far away from us is the great colony so largely connected with our commerce . The newspapers state that they " await with anxiety" the formation of the new Ministry—the defeat of Mr . Disraeli on the Budget having reached Australia at the latest accounts .

      Untitled Article

      A DUPLICATE DUKEDOM . Bubns , albeit a democrat , admits that " The king can mak' a belted knight , A marquis , duke , and a' that , " but this power is at present a point in dispute before the House of Lords . In 1488 Scotland was disturbed by a contest between King James III . and some of the chief ilobility , headed by the Earl of Angus . Tho rebellious lords possessed themselves of . the person of the Duke of

      Eothsay , heir to the crown , and confined him in Stirling Castle . Using his name they raised an army and levied war against the sovereign . The king was under tho necessity of rallying round him all his adherents for his defence . Among the most powerful of the nobles of Scotland , and at the same time the most faithful subjects of James III . was David , the fifth Eavl of Crawford . He was also the richest subject in Scotland , being possessed of thirty baronies or lordships , and filled several high offices of state . Tho Earl of Crawford hastened to the relief of

      tho king , with an army raised from amongst his own clansmen and followers , consisting of 2000 horse , and 6000 foot , and he was present when the hostile armies first met at the battle of Blackness , on 38 th May , 1488 . At that time James III ., considering himself the rightful sovereign of Scotland , conferred on tho Earl of Crawford tho title of " Duke of Montrose" by charter or patent . This was in consequence of the duko ' s faithful loyalty and valuablo services to tho crown , ho having , as is sot up in a preamble , freely and successfully hazarded , " ul debchat , personam aiiam , suosque nobilcs et vassallos pro pcrsonce nostrtB et cor once tutamine et defensione , nostro etiam honor e conservando , et pratcipue an novissime contra nostros iniideles liqeos qui se contra nostram majostalmn et vexillum in

      campo bellioo apud Jilacicncss opponebant , et pro suo servitio nohis in futurum impendo . " A few days after the title had been conferred , tho armies of tho insurgent nobles and that of tho sovereign mot at tho battle of Stirling , which took placo on Juno 11 , 1488 . It ended in tho defeat and death of James III ., and tho total diaporsion and annihilation of his nrmy . James IV . Huccceded to tho throne , and those noblcn who had used him for tlioir purposes against his father became in the ascendant , and ruled tho kingdom of Scotland . By their influence they passed an act through the noxt Scottish Parliament , declaring that all dignities prejudicial to tho king should bo annulled . All " alienations of lnnd , &c , and creations at new dignities , " Ac , wore declared void . Tho act was passed on tho } . 7 th of October , 1488 , and was in tho following terms : — - " It in ntatute and ordained that all alienations of land , heritages , &c , creation of now dignities sinco tho 2 nd of February

      last past , by our Sovereign Lord ' s father , whom God pardon , which might bo . prejudicial to our Sovereign Lord and tho Crown that now u , bo coascd and annulled , and oi' effect or forco' in any time to come , bocauso that such alienations , giftfl , and privileges wore granted after tho said timo for tho assistance to tho perverse counsel that was opposed to tho common good of tho realm , and tho cuuho of tho slaughter of our Sovereign Lord ' s fathor . " Tho point now debated is , whether tho act of Parliament should bo applied to thin undoubted grant of a dukedom by tho rightful king to a faithful adhorout . An additional point is raised as to whether a subsequent ra . grant of tho titloby tho Parliamont was for tho lift ) of ono person or in perpetuity . Tho family of Graham at present hold a title of Duke of MontroaO . But tho present Earl of Crawford , descendant of tho noblo made a duke by Iving Jwnps III . » ow olaitns to bo coneidovod " Duko

      of Montrose , and premier peer of Scotland . ' Sir I « zroy Kelly has been arguing the case before the House of Lords for several days . It is not yet decided .

      Untitled Article

      IRISH PRIESTS AND ITALIAN REFUGEES . The Irish and Italians living near GjsayVinn-lnno have again been fighting . The dissension is both political and personal . The { Times thus states the caso : — " Thcro oro some 300 Italian refugees at present resident in London , embracing all classes of society , from tho educated advocate and university student to tho unlettered mechanic and simple artisan . Those men aro Mazzini ' s admirers , and opposod to Pio Ttfono . It seems His Holiness has lately sent an Italian priest to this country , with instructions to noto tho conduct of tho Mazzini sympathizers and report accordingly . This prioat , during his stay in England , has boon tho gueat of tho officiating father of tho ltoman Catholic chapel in Baldwin's-gardena , and tho fact of hifl errand having become known to tho Italians , a feeling of distrust and enmity ] mH arison against tho Irish priosts . This fooling has been increased by the lattor having addressed observation it from tho altar to their congrogationri , Tenanting unon tho refugees and stating that their only object was to depose and degrade tho Holy Fathor of tho Church . On Monday last two Italians wore engaged in conversation , on tho foot p ; womont in Baldwin ' q-gardens , when ono of tho Irish priestn passed by , and in ho doing touched tho shoulder of one of tho refugees . The hot Italian demanded satisfaction for tho insult . Tho priest told him ho was a low blackguard , and to bo gone . 1 'ho row , which has boon already reported , followed . Tho Irish , led on by tho priest , who brandished his umbrella aflw tho fashion of a standard , gathered round tlioir ' npiritual father , ' and kissing his hands and hiH feet , speedily demolished every window in tho housb of an Italian restaurant kooper , in which tho offending refugees Jwd sought sholtec , " ' ¦ » T P

      The excitement has been kept up throughout the week , and several cases had come before the policecourt . In the great majority of cases the Irish have been the aggressors .

      Untitled Article

      "I WON'T BE A NUN . ' The Preston Chronicle relates the following story of a scene at a railway station : — "It is anticipated that when the Nunneries Bill comes before the Souse of Commons , a circumstance that has caused much excitement in this town during the present week will be brought under the notice of the Legislature , the whole of the facts having been laid before Lord Palmerston , the Home Secretary , Mr . Chambers , the author of the Nunneries Bill ; and other influential supporters of it ; while , from another quarter , Mr . Bowyer , Mr . Lucas , and other Catholic members have been acquainted with the particulars . Our borough members have also had their

      attention drawn to the case . It appears that two young ladies , about 14 and 16 years of age , the daughters of a respectable family residing in this town , and formerly of Burnley , have been hitherto educated in the religion of their father , as Roman Catholics , and it was his intention to take them to the Convent of the Holy Child Jesus , at St . Leonard ' s-on-the-Sea , to receive further education , and to act also in the capacity of pupil-teachers . Whether they had shown at any time previously any wavering in their opinions , we are not aware ; but , on their coming to reside at Preston , a few weeks since , and about the time when their departure for the nunnery was resolved upon , they renounced the Roman Catholic faith to . one of the

      clergy of this town , attended his Sunday school regularly , and had consented , with the approbation of some of their Protestant friends , that he should make arrangements for them , entering a training school for teachers , " the one at London and the other at Warrington . They were last week at the house of a near relative in . the town , a Protestant , when their father and some other friends , finding persuasion unavailing , hifc upon a device for obtaining possession of the girls , to take them to the nunnery . They were invited to take a trip to the sea-side , and Lytham was fixed upon for an excursion . This they accepted , and , on Saturday last , they left with their father and an uncle for the train , bufc the latter then intimated their intention

      of going to Southport instead . The young ladies took their seats in a train for the south . Tickets for the whole party were , unknown to the female members of it , obtained for London , and the train then proceeded on its ^ journey , without anything remarkable taking plaee " until it arrived at the Newton Junction , when one of the railway officials passing , cried out , ' All here for London ? ' One of the youngladies saidp' No ; we are for Southport ; ' upon which the father assured the person they were all rig ht . One of the girls then ejaculated , ' Oh . ' they are taking us to a convent ! ' Such an exclamation created quite a scene , and many persons were at once at hand to render assistance for a rescue , if assistance were needed . Various reports

      were speedily in circulation , but although the aid of a magistrate was volunteered for necessary interference , had there been any opportunity of exercising it , nothing it was found could be done whero a father was simply taking , as he stated , two girls to school . The wires of the electric telegraph were set in motion , and information of the extraordinary incident was conveyed to Preston and other places , and on the arrival of the train at tho various stations on its way to London considerable interest was excited , news of tho -occurrence having preceded the train . We learn , that the young ladies are now in London at a

      branch establishment of tho convent , where they are to remain for a few days previous . to being taken to St . Leonard ' s . Their Roman Catholic friends allege that they are now reconciled to the prospect of a conventual residence . Wo learn from other quarters that , their dislike to a residence in a Roman Catholic school has not boon overcome , and that they avow their intention of remaining Protestants . Several gentlemen of the town aro interesting themselves on behalf of the young ladies , should there be any means of legally placing them in the way of professing tho Protestant religion . "

      * Doubt is thrown ou this tale by the ignorance of it by Mr . Drummond and Mr . Whiteside , Protestant Bpcakera in Wednesday's debate on Nunneries . '

      Untitled Article

      OCEAN PENNY POSTAGE OFFERED BY PRIVATE ENTERPRISE . A few months ago Lord Aberdeen stated to a large and influential deputation thatv if any of their number connected with the shipping interest were willing to convey letters across the ocean under tho fburpenny charge for which tho Government proposed to ' perform tho transit service between Great Britain andi ita , colonies , ho wns sure tho post-offico would glndly accept the offer . And since that declaration Lord Canning has intimated the intention of the Government to put up tho conveyance of the mails to some of the colonies to tho competition of private enterprise . These official statements have been widely published in / -the-United States , and hnvo . elicited tho following communication from a new steam packet company in New York : — Glasgow and New York Bteaia . ' ship Company , Wo . 33 Broadway , Ne # York ; c ™ . J"n « 25 , 1853 . Hrn , —ObBorvmg tho inclosed in tho XAitrnfd of Commerce , of tho 22 nd instant , I beg ( an agent for the Gloogow and Now York Steam Ship Company-he * e ) to nay I shall bo glad to make an arrangement with : the British and . American Governments to carry any quantity of mail bags at tho ralo of ono penny storting por letter . In tho moantimo wo havo only ono steamship ( tho Glasgow ) an the lino , and that vessel makes her passages in from twpjvp to fourteen , dayo , Another ( th # ^ feto York ) i » no \ v

      Untitled Article

      MISCARRIAGES OF THE GAB ACT . TTndeb the new law , every London cab is a casus belli Taking a cab and quarrelling with the cabman are almost synonymous terms . The police courts are pestered with flurried " fares , " driven up by disputing drivers ; and " What is a mile ? " is the question of the day . One case at Bow-street , on Wednesday , deserves attention . A cabman claimed 2 s . as distance fare from Fumam-road to Wellington-street , Strand : the fare demurred ; and jhe disputants drove up to the police court . No table of distance being yet published , the magistrate could not decide the question without . haying the ground specially measured ; and for that purpose a deposit of 6 a . from each party is requisite . But the cabman had not the 5 s . about him . The magistrate , therefore , decided against him , and sentenced him to pay 40 s ., or go to gaol for a month . The startled rider interceded : he had found the cabman very civil ; but the magistrate would not yield . The cabman was led off to gaol . „ -, -j j mi The " pine-apple" case has been finally decided . ± ne cabman admits that he was wrong in attempting to charge 2 d . for each pine apple . But , said he , " I offered Mr . Bigg to drive him to Bow-street , to have it settled . Ihe magistrate explained , that the driver has no right to appeal to " the nearest police court "—that is the privilege of the hirer of the cab . " You have , therefore , been altogether wrong , " said Mr . Henry . " But I did not use any abusive language , " exclaimed the cabman , in a burst of justification . He also has been sent to gaol for a month . At Guildhall , on Wednesday , a nice point arose . A cabman and a hirer respectively differed about extra fare ; and , both consenting , they appealed to the magistrate . After inquiry , the cabman was found to be in error , but not to blame , as the point was disputable . On which , the employer demanded whether the cabman should not take him back to the place from whence he came . A shout of laughter greeted the rider ' s demand : the contingency is not provided for in the new act . Attempts at extortion by hirers are not uncommon . Mr . DuBarry took a cab in the Haymarket to drive to Pinsburycircus and back for 3 s . 6 d . B ut he waited at fewo places for an hour and a quarter . The mag istrate decided that he could not thus " diddle a cabman _ out of his fare . " And so sentenced him to pay 8 s . 6 d ., besides 2 s . for the summons , and 2 s . 6 d . for the cabman ' s loss of time . Other cases , not specially interesting , have been decided . In most instances of dispute the cabmen have been judged right , and several gentlemen have been compelled to pay costs for their resistance to legal fare . Mr . George Russell was ordered to pay Gd . additional fare , 2 s . for summons , and 2 s . Qd . for loss of time to a cabman . Mr . Edward Penford was ordered to pay M . additional fare , on a dispute whether the distance gone was over or under eight miles , 5 s . for measuring distance , 2 s . for summons , and 4 s . for loss of time to driver . Major Citwell disputed whether he should pay a cabman 8 s . 6 d . for driving seven miles , and waiting two hours and a-half . He was adjudged to pay the amount , with costs of summons , and for the cabman ' s time . A cab-rider suffered severely on Thursday . Mr . James Payne Lloyd , Northampton , was summoned by George Pick ford for paying him less than his legal fare . The driver was occupied five and a-half hours in waiting and driving from place to place . Mr . Lloyd paid him 6 s ., and he demanded 10 s . Mr . Bingham decided that Mr . Lloyd should pay for distance and for waiting—this would entitle tho driver to 10 s ., and his expenses , 4 s . Gd . Mr . Lloyd was very sore at this decision , conceiving that ho had paid tho proper fare ( which would have been 60 under tho old act ) , and also on account of having travelled seventy miles to attend to tho summons . Lady Alderson drove from Waterloo Station to Parkcrescent , llogont's-park , and refused to pay more than ono shilling . Tho cabman summoned her ; and her ladyship , fearing another victory by those heroes of a hundred fights , compromised tho matter out of court .

      Untitled Article

      ina THE LEADER . [ Saturday , |

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), July 23, 1853, page 706, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1996/page/10/