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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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btgditt ^ , which w 6 expect will be from thirty-six to forty * ei $ ht hour * faster , and will be-ready for sea by February rj <« k Two others wul be immediately contracted fqr , and wtyen Completed will enable us to > havefbrtnishUv sailings frdin ea ^ h side of the Atlantic . ¦ ' * * * : 7 ' You can makeany UsejyoU choose of 4 his coinjniuiioa tioii ifypu tb . u& it mil assist in forwardiBg the good obj ^*?? haVe m view ;—Yours , &c . J . M'Symoh-. Elihtt Burritt , Esq . , : The proposition shows the practicability of the undertaking , though it may he doubted whether the . offer «« V vbe accepted until -the Company Mve „ & greater number of steamers on the line .
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THE PARSON'S HAND . t $ * THE LABOURER'S , POCKET .
jp * 900 B day labourer , " at Bidefojjd , was called on to pay Min . $ & . an Easter offering to the parson , of the parish , a prosperous gentleman ., and Justice , of the Pqace . The maa refused , and ,, was summoned . In the Western Times , of July , 16 , we find the case reported ;— ' , ; ^ County Magistrates' Court , Bidefqrd , July , 6 th , before M $ or Wren , E . TJ . Vidall , Esq ., and the Rev . T . P . H . CoKn ,. . : - . . A . \ ¦ , }; ,. ' ; ,...., . . l . . .. . " .. ., ' ' .... . „ .,., _; ¦ : ,. :,. ; ¦ : <* f This was the , pase . adjourned . from June I 5 th , when the Ber . E . H . Farringdon , incumbent of Laudcross , summoned Thomas Morrish ,. a labourer , for the payment of 4 i .,, the ampurftqf two . years' . Easter offerings . T . ,,. " Before the trial commenced , the Rev . T . P . H . Coffin tjaid- ' r- ' . Seeiiig there is a reporter in the room , i . wishit . to be noticed that I do not sit in this case . ' He accordingly left the bench .
: "Rev . E , H . Farringdon sworn , said that the money had not been paid . j " Major Wren— -What js your objection to pay ? ' ! Morrish- ^ I have , never been called upon to pay it before . ' I told Mr . Farriugdpn , if the claim was lawful , or . he couldtell me what , it was for , ' if right , I would pay ; bulhecpuld only say- tnat it was Easter due . I am a day labourer , and therefore exempt . , . . / , ¦ " The magistrates ; were referred Jo Buru ' s ' Jlcclesiastical law /; which states that Easter offerings , ar , e a composition for personal tithes , and from ihejpayment of these day labourers are exempt , by statute 2 Edw , II ., c , 13 . A
long conversation ensued , and ultimately the magistrates withdrew to examine ! the references . < " On returning , Mr . Vidall said—We . have given the case every attention , and agree that you are liable . This law does not refer to Easter offerings , but to personal tithes ; from these , if you are a day-labourer , you " are exempt . The personal tithes are a tenth of the clear gains pf . every person ; except day labourers , to be paid to the parson ; and I am sorry that you have put yourself in tiiis position . You are either mistaken , or have very ill advisbrsw ¦¦ - . ' :. ¦¦ ¦ - . ¦ : ¦ . ' ¦ .
a Morrish- ~ -I expect Mr . Farringdonto prove that personal tithes are not Easter offerings ; the law authorities say that they are . . , ff . Mr .- . yidaUr-you should have had a legal adviser ; he would have shown you . / " Morrish—I am only a . poor day labourer , and where could I get money to . pay a lawyer ? This is a demand which has never been made to me . before ; It js wrong , anii I will not pay it . In twenty parishes around . it is not demanded , neither was It in Lahdcross before Mr . Farri ^ g don came . Many do not pay it now ; the constable does not . ..,-.. " Mr . Farringdon—I have never been refused by ( any one . The . constable had been parish clerk , and haa possibly t > aid the offerings in his services . # ....
" Morrish—You-rent a garden of him , and stop it in the rent . I have only been in the parish six months ; and , for that reason , do not think J . ought to be charged twelve montha' offerings , even if I am liable to pay . ¦ ff Every objection was , however , over-ruled , and Morrish was peered to pay . This he neither would , nor could do , and ft distress on his goods was issued for the amount and costs *"
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"THE DELUGE . " Gbeajt floods have seriously damaged the hay-crop in the provinces . In Wales many houses and bridges have boon swept away by the swollen rivers . Storms have ftlao prevailed . ! A t Cardigan a flash of lightning entered Mr . John ftavard ' s premises , killed two pigs in the yard , rushedvmto < < ho brea kfast room , cleared tho tablo of all tbo pots , diehoa , cups , and saucers ( not since found ) , swept a fittlo girl , into a corner , and then rushed out , leaving a stron * ' moll of sulphur behind it- Tho fields round Cholrasjbrdhaw been changed into lakes , tho tree-tops only peop-W abovo 'the water . Haycocks ewam on tho surface over several « ulo 8 , » nd tberailway bridge was epdangored . The valley oShe Cherwell and the Ieis has boon also flooded , and the My baa been " saved ! ' by men m-boats . Some eerious storms have likewise occurred . A church etruck bj lightning , " appears in two or three country ¦ '' n . ' ti . j V . i « . fc : n nr » Air wliiln n . marnairo was Vina ruw --
PaPOrfl . A" XIUUUIIUa <>>) » r «>^« , ... o beujff coleibrated ,, « ihvah of lightning : " struck tho tower , camo dowii the stairs , entered the church , went up agaui , and elided by tho woat window . " Some porsons woro Bliehfcly injured . On the aamo morning , as wo loam Irom the rustic ponny-a-liner , " two clouds woro aeon approaonjnfc tho v ' llftffo . " Wp aro aleo informed that they woro " chareod with rain , " and " accompanied by thunder . At Chobham fchq " tide in the affairs of jnon" was turned into a flood , dn Monday , ami tho common became ! , a ponmiula , pWved from inundation but by tbo dint of bard work . , PoptQ 6 nihff wa » tho very necessary and only poa-So operatior . ^ o bad conduct of the 8 ouUi-Wostorn itailwiiv added tp > the , hardships of tho troopa . r lho to « l , Cleaving , wo ^ kpp t for , nearly on hour in a dronolung ¦ hower , waiting foi a train . 1 In Ireland tho weather ban greatly improved of late , and tho lopoxfc of th © wopa i » fftvourftbloi
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WORKMEN AND WAGES . Suspense characterizes nearly , all the wages movements ; decisive results being this w . eek very few . The great Stockport dissension is still unabated . The course the men took to meet the decision of the masters is thus told in . a private letter placed at our disposal ;— ., ., „ . "A deputation was appointed . to ^ rait wpon the , Qhaijman o the iSmployers' Association . MTr . Gee had requested a list of t 6 e town ? and districts the average was fefrenftoih . Mr . Gee r « jferred them to the seoretary , Mr . Hudson , witlthis compli * menfe . They saw Mr . Hadson ' , and procured a Ust . of thm-Vr five towns and . districts from whibn . the epaplojrers drew , thour average . A number of qualified persons was deputed to . produre the nepe 88 ary returns . . Thia waa . flflEected in . fourteen days , at a cost of over 4 Ol . After these returns had been inspected and systematized for easy reference , a respectfully-worded letter was despatched . to tfie secretary , requesting to Impw . when . it would be convenient for them to meet a-deputation to conipare lists , andjendeavour to arrange the difference . Theyreceiveda shojrt note in reply , repudiating the thirfrf-ifive towns area , likewise tae Operative committee , and insistiniK-mamost premature manner t " fcat the average should be taken fromi the entire trade . This was objected to as unprecedented aud nniost by the operatives . Thev . contend that as the . employers had adopted the thirtv-flve towns area to depreciate their waRes , .-fliey were boimd aa honourable men . to . conform to the same to raise them . This taey would not hear ; and as the employers had thus brbk © faith wita them . theyveiyjnstlyclam to haveavoice in any future extension or re-adjustment of the area from which their wages is reokoned . They suggested , that an area of ten miles round Manchester would be a fair and sufficiently extended enough area to take the average fromor if this did not meet th $ ir
, approbation , that the dispute be referred to arbitration ; the award to be final . I am sorry to confess that the praiseworthy efforts of the operatives to bring the matter to an amicable termination was of no avail . Had they been met m the spirit they deserve , we should not have to lament the distress and poverty of our town . Tie employers shut themselves up m their association , deif to the claim of humanity , and insensible to the ordinary courtesy of society , as they have never acknowledged the receipt of either of ithe last propositions , but treated them with silent contempt . Three months were consumed in fruitless efforts to arrange the case with the employers ; the patience of the work-people was exhausted ; a legal week was given ; a great cessation has taken place , which will require bU the wisdom and , prudence that this committee , combined with , the united pecuniary aid from the surrounding districts and a generous public , td conduct the same to . & successful termina-Uon—8001 had come from the surrounding district this
week . ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦¦ . '¦ ' ¦; , ¦ . ¦ . . ¦ ¦ ;• ¦'¦¦ ¦ - ¦ . ¦ .- ¦ There was a rumour on the Manchester Exchange on Thursday , that it was contemplated by the masters whose operatives are on strike ,. to open their mills again at the advance demanded , and to try to Reimburse themselves for the extra price they will have to pay for workmanship , by contracting their produce . At present it is contended that the advance demanded by the operatives wouRremove the margin of profit existing on their produce n > ut by restricting , the mills to four days work per week , production would be curtailed to such an extent as to force up prices inthe market to cover the sacrifice of the manufacturer ,- whilst the operative would have no valid ground of complaint . Short time will probably be resorted to in other districts , for descr iptions of cloth which are not re-¦
munerative at present prices . „ . . Somesettlementisrequisite . Thirty-sevenoutof forty-nine Stockport mills are closed for want of hands : the men are half-starving : the shop keepers dependent on their custom are suffering , and the pawn-offices are glutted with goods . The masters are still firm in refusing the demanded ten per cent . In other parts of the country working men persevere in demands . At Glessop-dale , where the people lately gained time by a strike , they now ask for higher wages . The farm-labourers of Wiltshire are . breaking advanced
their old agreements , aud demanding wages warrants have been issued against some of them . The Kidderminster carpet weavers are still out on strike ; the London artisans have resolved to assist them . The London policemen object to their present low pay ( in classes 21 s ., 18 s . 4 > d ., and 16 s . 7 d . per week ) , and also complain that they are forced to go to church in uniform , and to sit in a particular part of the church . Thirty men of tho B division refuse to go to church in uniform . At a meeting of the division on Thursday a memorial to tho Commissioners was unanimously adopted . have not been Tho
The successes of " the men" many . Salford police have got an advance of 2 s . per week . The Hull cabinot-makors havo won a reduction of tbo hours of labour ; % y now work but 10 * hours a day , and are diamissed at two o ' clock on Saturday . . . Bufc tho general prosper ity of tho working-classes is indisputable . In Birmingham tho artisans have no need of strikes . The trade of South Staffordshire in general is very brisk : " Wolverhampton is fast rivalling Birmingham in its general wholesale trades . " Thj * Australian demand in the market for hardwares is still very largo . Tho sowed muslin manufacture in tho North of Ireland 13 giving ample and well paid employment to thousands of hands .
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THE ASSIZES . Womhn aro concerned in most of tho romarkablo crimos investigated at tho prosont Assizes . Offences against them aro many , and thoir own offoncos are still more numerous . Attempts to kill children , born and unborn , form tho great majority of tho latter . Tho details aro unpleasin ^ , and wo do no moro than indicate this general character of tho stato of English society , among tho lower ordors in tho provinces . A curious action for " ddmagoa in respect of a wife , has been tried . Mrs . Sykes went into a shop whoro tho shopman was pouring some naptha into a lamp . Tho naptha exploded , and eo frightened tho woman that sho died tho next day , in childbirth . Tho husband sued tho shonkoopor for tho loss of Mb wife , and , in consideration of tho loss to tho children and tho husband , tho jury awarded U . to tho oldest child , and 11 . 10 » . to tho next , 2 J . 10 « . to another child of tho dead wifo by a former marriage , and 101 . to tho bereaved husband himself . Total value of tho
loBt wiff ) , 251 . . _ A rtfi ifiil case of seduction has been tried at York . Wilkinson , a xnastor manufacturer , oxprosscd affeotion for hie cousin , a humble girl of eighteen , whoso father was but an operative Having kept company with hor for tfoino
time , ne seduced her . A ^ in and again be P 1 ^ " 8 *^ .. ^ marry her , but did not . The girl was delivered of a chda . She was very sensitive , and the sMtne so preyed . upon her that sh 0 died six weeks after her confinieme ^ t ,. lite » Uy- <* a broken heart , the surgeon testifying . that grief had killea her .. The jujrjf awarded 3 . 10 L damages . . . . ^ ¦ r Sarah Baker was charged ; at Derby , with murderiiff her illegitimate child . She was very fond of . it , but tna father Wd ^^ serted . her , she was refused admittance to the worklipttse ok to the infirmary ., she had been without food for three days , " and had no one in the world to help her : so , ui a fit of despondency , she , threw the child into a imners pit . The cMld was drowned in the water of the pit . Some planks crossed the mouth , leaving but room for th * little body of the child , else she would have also drowned herself . She was sentenced to be hahged . _ - . .... .-..: * Perjury has greatly increased of late . ^ The judges have applied transportation as a punishment in the majority of
the cases . _ . , , _ Woman ' s virtue and woman ' s peace of mind havo increased in value , if the valuation by juries be areliaMs criterion . At Huntingdon , a farmer haa had to pav 5001 . damages to hia victim , " a guileless girl of eighteen . - At the Limerick Assizes , a constable was convicted of haying killed his own illegitimate child . Next mornmg the iudee called him up to receive sentence , but the gaoler answered ; " He is dead , my lord . " He had hanged himself in his cell , that morning . _ . .., .- , ;¦ . £ f tried at
, A breach of promise" case has been Lewes Mr . Duke , a widower of forty-five , with three children , engaged himself to marry Miss Hore , ' a lady , of twentyeight , with a fortune coming to her of 9 , 000 ? i But on examining the will which brought the fortune , Mr . Duke discovered that Miss Hore would be out of th © property for some time , and that it would be fixed on herself alone . Mr . Duke then took people into corners , and asked them , " Did Miss Hore . drmkP" and on being told that she did not , he was loud in his rejoicings . Still he broke off the match . He has been sentenced to pay 400 ? . and costs .
At the Criminal Court of the same assizes , Caroline Sherwood was tried for murdering her child . It was illegitimate , and she waa a servant . She took the Child ( a . little girl of five years ) from the house where she boarded it , ana giving _ it some sweetmeats , walked with it towards Shoreham . The night was wet and fog ^ y . When she came about half way , she choked the child by tying a flfcring round its neck . When arrested , she . seemed . distracted with fear . She was sentenced to death , and fainted as she heard the sentence .
With the exception of the Monaghan Assizes , the Irish assizes generally show that the country is very , tranquil . At Kildare Assizes , Birch , of the famous World newspaper , brought an action for libel against the Freeman . In justification , it was shown that Birch was in the habit of obtaining money by threatening to write abusive . artjcles , and a verdict for the defendant was found . At Lewes , a woman who killed her husband in a quarrel , by stabbing him with a knife in the breast , haa been sentenced to transportation for ten years .
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BRUTALITIES TOWARDS WOMEN . The operation of Mr . JTitzroy ' s Act , imposing severer pu nishments on brutal husbands , haa not yet produced its expected effect . The offences have not diminished . Both in their frequency and character they are as bad as ever . We have not reported them of late , as they are but commonplace exposures of gross brutality . ( The majority of tho offenders have been Irishmen . ) The following case , this week , we note ; it represents the whole class : — The wife of Michael Sullivan was in bed on Wednesday evening , when Sullivan came home , and commenced assailing her with the most disgusting and filthy epithets . She became alarmed , and jumped out of bed . He instantly seized her by the throat , and after beating her with hia flats upon the head and face , he took up the shovel and poker successively and assaulted her with them . He next knocked her down , kicked out one of her front teeth , and kicked her upon the abdomen and other parts of the body in such a violent and savage manner , that had she not succeeded in escaping from tho room , he would have killed her . Tho children were all so alarmed that , seeing their mother run out almost naked , they followed her eitample , and made the best of their way into the street in tho same condition . Sullivan was sentenced to two months ' imprisonment with hard labour , on hearing which he began crying and praying for mercy . In tho midst of it tho wifo exclaimed , ¦ " Thank God ! I shall now havo two months ' quietness . " The inequality of somo of the new punishments in our Police Courts deserves observation . For cases of assault :
whore tho hand alono was used , some . magistrates have given six months' imprisonment , while for this assault , as aggravated as possible , only ono-third of that punishment is awarded . One other case indicates a Variety of the ordinary ruffianism William Master , a labourer , was charged on Monday with having beaten his step-son ( a little boy of thirteen years ) , with a thick heavy strap . The boy ' s back was completely scar ified ; " tho flesh appeared literally cut out from his body , " and his back and legs woro one mass of bruises . " Three months and hard labour" was the punishment awardod .
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MISCELLANEOUS . Thk Queen has had a serious attack of the meaalea which has literally run through tho whole of the Royal family . Her Majesty sickened nfc tho close of l £ sfc week , ' but that did not dotpr hor from carrying out her intention of proceeding 1 to tho Iylo j ? f "Wig h ^ on Saturday , jFrom thp bulletin ^ issued by $ ir , JnmeH Clurlc , ojid . Sir Hcttry Holland , wo learrx that eholiaH pnflHcd favourably through tho . crisifli and is now coneidorcd cottvalbecont . Tho PrinccBB Royal and tlm
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... JviY il , i&a . ] . fnE LEA $ * 4 . i _ ^ Ll : ^ 1 LM ^ .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 23, 1853, page 707, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1996/page/11/
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