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Leader (1850-1860), 23rd July 1853, Edition 1 of 1, Page 703, Untitled Article

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    • rilE ENTRY OK THE RUSSIANS INTO MOLDAVIA.
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      Untitled Article

      ¦ ij $ I should apt wish , sir , to come back upon a ' worn-out di&fuesion , but as the Count da Nesselrode alwajs alleges jn ^ upport of thej > reterisions of St . Petersburg' the offence wliich the Porte is said to have committed with regard to ity in not holding good the promises which it had made to the Russian legation at the period of the first regulation " of the question of the Holy Places in 1852 , 1 am forced to repeat that the firmans granted by the Sultan , in consequence of the mission of Prinpe Menschikoffj have taken away all Foundation for any such' grievance ; and that if theire is any Government authorized to raise legitimate complaints , it aB-not that of his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas . •• . ¦ ¦¦ . ¦¦ -

      "In fact , at the date of the 10 th of May last , the Count de JNesselrode , who had just received despatches from the ambassador of Russia at Constantinople , congratulated himself to General de Castelbajac on a result which he considered as a happy conclusion of the affair of the Holy Places . M , de Kisseleff , at Paris , made me a similar declaration ; and everywhere the agents of the St . Petersburg Cabinet held the same language . " The demands presented afterwards by Prince Menschikoff , when the principal object of his mission had been attained , and when his return had been already announced , were in no manner connected with those which he had got the Porte to accept ; and it was in fact a new question , a graver difficulty , which arose at Constantinople at the very

      time when Europe , for an instant alarmed , wa , s invited by Russia herself to be perfectly tranquil . " Taken aback , to a certain degree , by the exigencies which it could not have supposed , the representatives at Constantinople , of France , Austria , Great Britain , and Prussia , have loyally employed their efforts to prevent a rupture of which the consequences might be bo fatal . They have not advised the Porte to a resistance of a nature to expose it to the mesfc serious dangers' ; and unanimously recognising that the demands of Russia touched too nearly the liberty of action and the sovereignty of the . Sultan for them to permit themselves to offer an opinion , they left to the Ministry of his Highness alone the responsibility of settling what view they should take of the matter . There was , therefore , on their part neither passion of any kind , nor intermeddling : and if the Ottoman Government , left

      to itself , did not choose to subscribe to the conditions which it was attempted to impose upon it , it must assuredly have discovered that . they were entirely incompatible with its independence and its dignity . "It was in such conjunctures , sir , that Prince Menschikoff left Constantinople ^ while he broke off all diplomatic relations between Russia and the Porte ; and that the Powers engaged by their traditions and their interests to maintain the integrity of Turkey , have had to lay down a line of conduct . " The Government of his Imperial Majesty , in accordance with that of her Britannic Majesty , has thought that the situation was too threatening not to be watched close at hand , and the squadrons of France and England soon received the order to proceed , to Besika , where they arrived in £ hn middle of the month of June . '

      " That measure , entirely of foresight , __ had no hostile character as respected . Russia ; it was imperiously demanded by the gravity of the circumstances , and amply justified by the preparations for war which for several months were making in , Bessarabia and in the roads of Scbastopol . " The motive of the rupture between the Cabinet of St . Petersburg and the Porte had , so to say , disappeared . The question which might arise unexpectedly at Constantinople was that of the very existence of the Ottoman Empire , and never would the Government of his Imperial Majesty admit

      that such vast interests should be at stake without immediately claiming that portion of influence and action which its power and rank in the world entitle it to . To the presence of a Russian army on the frontiers of Turkey it had the right and the duty of answering by tho presence of its naval forces at Basika , in a bay freely open to the navies of all nations , and situated beyond tho limits of which treaties forbid the passage in times of peace . " Tho Russian Government , besides , was soon to tnko upon itself tho explanation of tho necessity of the movement ordered for tho two squadrons . _

      " On the 31 st of May , in fact , when it was impossible to know at St . Petersburg ( where the news did not arrive till tho 17 th of June ) tho resolutions which Franco and England might adopt , tho Count do Nesselrodo sonb to tho Porto under tho form of a letter to Roschid Pacha , a last ¦ ultimatum , with a brief delay , and which contained , very olearly expressed , tho throat of a speedy occupation ot tho principalities of tho Danube . " When that resolution had been taken with a solemnity which no longer pormits to a Government jealous of its dignity to modify it—when , by a circular dated tho Utlv ot June , his Majesty tho Emporor Nicholas caused it to bo announced to Europe , na if to mako tho execution ot it tho moro irrevocable—our equadron was still nt Salamina , nnd that of England had not yet loft tho port of Multa .

      " Tho simple comparison of theao dates suffices , sir , to indicate from which sido liafl sprung tho initiative which it ifl attempted to-day to dony , whilo throwing tho responsibility of it on Franco and England ; 'it -is also nuflioiont to prove that botwoon , tho communication mado at Paris and It London , of tho step attempted directly by Count Nesaolrodo at Constantinople , and tho rejection of that ultimatum tho necessary timo wa 8 wanting to the Governments of his Imporial Majesty and of hor Britannic Majesty to oxorciso in any sonno whatsoever their influonco at Con-Btantinoplo . No , « ir , I my it with all tho powor ¦ ot conyici on tho French Government , in all this srnvo debate , has no reproach to mako to itself ; it rejects from tho bottom ofits conscience , not lass than in prosonco of Europo tho responsibility imputed to it , and , ntron in . ita moderation J , PP « mK in its turn , and without fear , to tho judgment ot th w ! bto exception of tho vory different object of tho ( wo Demonstration * thoro wan perhaps a sort ot analogy m

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      on the left bank of thePruth , and the fleets of France and England cast anchor at Besika . That analogy has disappeared since the passage of the river which forms the limits of the Russian Empire and of the Ottoman Empire . The Count de Nesselrode , besides , seems to acknowledge it When he supposes the squadrons already in sight of Constantinople , and represents as a . necessary compensation for what he calls our maritime occupation , the military position taken , by the Russian troops on the borders of the Danube . , '¦ . •' . "•¦'¦ " The English and French forces , by their presence outside the Dardanelles , do not in any way outrage existing treaties . The occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia constitutes , on the contrary , a manifest violation of those same treaties . That of Adrianople , which determines the conditions of the protectorate of Russia , lays down implicitly

      the case in which it would be permitted to that Power to interfere in the principalities—it would be if their privileges were interfered with by the Turks . "In 1848 , when these provinces were ^ occupied by the Russians , they were the prey of a revolutionary agitation which threatened equally their security , that cf the Sovereign Power , and that of the protecting Power . The convention of Balta-Liman has admitted that if similar events should be renewed within seven years , Russia and Turkey should take in common the ' most proper measures to reestablish order . Are the privileges of Moldavia and Wallachia threatened ? Have revolutionary troubles broken out in their territory ? The facts reply of themselves that there is no ground for the moment for the application either of the treaty of Adrianople or of the convention of Balta-Liman .

      "By what right , then , have the Russian troops passed the Pruth , if it be not by the right of war—of a war , I acknowledgej of which people do not wish to pronounce the true name , but which is derived from a new principle , fruitful in disastrous consequences , which people are astonished to see practised for the first time by a Conservative Power of the European order of a degree so eminent as Russia , and which would not tend to anything less than the oppression in the midst of peace of the feeble States by the stronger States who are their nei g hbours ? j "The general interest of the world is opposed to . the admission of any such doctrine , and the Porte in particular has the incontestable right to consider as an act of war the invasion of two provinces which , whatever may be their

      special organization , are an integral part of its empire . It would therefore not violate , any more than the Powers which should come to its aid , the treaty of the 13 th of July , 1841 , if it declared the straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus open to the squadrons of France and England . The opinion of the Government of his Imperial Majesty is formal in that respect ; and although , in its opinion , i * does not exclude the research for an efficacious means of conciliation between Russia and Turkey , I have requested General de Castelbajac to make known to Count de Nesselrode our manner of viewing the matter , and to communicate to him-this despatch . I also authorise you to transmit a copy of it to M . —r . ¦ " Receive , sir , the assurance of my high consideration . " Dbotjyk be Lhuys . "

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      ThcAustrian general , Count Giulayi , arrived at St . Petersburg , on the 5 th , , on a special mission to the Emperor . An agitation is reported to be going on in some of the smaller German Courts in favour of the Emperor Nicholas . The King of Bavaria is remarked as particularly conspicuous for attachment and devotion to the Czar . It is supposed that his relations to the kingdom of Greece explain this fervour , as if some " pickings" might be expected for young Otho in certain eventualities of tho present dispute between Russia and Turkey . The Governments of Franco and England have recommended tho Government of Greeco to suspend its naval armaments .

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      Russia is boginning to show herself m tho Baltic , as is usual at this season . A fleet , consisting of nine ships of tho lino , besides frigates and corvettes , haa just appeared off the island of Gotland . This must bo tho division with tho whito flag ; that with tho red flag is lying off Cronstadt ; whilo tho division with the bluo flag and tho war steamers are at Cronatadt . Tho Emperor of Russia was expected at Warsaw about tho end of tho month . About 70 , 000 men aro concentrated near Warsaw . Groat rovioWa took p lace at St . Petersburg on tho 26 th and 30 th ult ., and 1 st mat . Tho Austrians aro keeping paco with tho Russians in their movoments of troops . Regiment aftor regiment ia pouring down tho Danube , and advancing to tho frontiors of Servia , Bosnia , and Croatia . These movements arc supposed to be not so much to embarrass Turkey , as to watcli Russia , of whoso policy Austria just now has great cause to bo watchful .

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      Tho American Charge" d'Affairos at Constantinople , Mr . Brown , has exchanged vory spirited notes with M . de Bruck , tho Austrian . Intornuncio , demanding tho releasoof M . Kosta , tho Hungarian oxilo , whose violent arrest at Smyrna , by orders ot tho Austrian Consul-General , and tho murder of a young Austrian naval oflicor in consoquonco , wo related lust week . Mr . Brown insists that M . Kosta , although faithful to his nativo land , and wishing to livo and dio a Hungarian , had , in fact , mado act of allogianco to tho Government of tho United States : that on presenting a declaration to that effect to tho American Consul at Smyrna , ho had boon furnished with a passport to Con-Htnntino ' nlo and back to Smyrna , whence ho was to roturn under tuo

      to Now York : tlmfc ho had remdod at Smyrna protection of tho American Government , and that his conduct ; had boon irreproachable . Mr . Brown demands that M Kcmtabo handed over to tho local authority of Smyrna , to bo wont attain to tho United States . Tho Austrian Int ' prnunmo declares that M . Kosta in atill an Austrian « ubi ' oot and protests tho " absolute impossibility of complying with tho request" of tho American representative Meanwhile , tho population of Smyrna hag Jpjjfc ft « o * pelr

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      lent governor in Ali Pacha , who has been recalled ? and replaced by Ismael Pacha . The latter is accompanied to Smyrna by a special commissioner to investigate this affair . A valedictory address was presented to the dismissed governor by a committee of the European merchants at Smyrna ; expressing high admiration of hia public and private virtues , and sincere regret at his sudden-departure . The Porte celebrated the annual feast of the Baicam , which concludes the fast of the Ramzan , on the 7 th inst ., ¦ with all the customary pomp and solemnity . : _ The American envoy at Athens , Mr . Marsh , demands the reversal of the Assize Court of Athens , which had condemned Mr . King , the missionary , for proselytism . The Government of Athens respectfully declines to interfere with the decision of the Court , and appeals to the good feeling of the American people . Mr . Marsh insists that the Greek tribunals are corrupt , and disposed to ignore the first principles of law recognised by all civilized nations .

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      In Prussia and Holland a determined resistance to Papal aggression is beginning to manifest itself . . The following is the text of the general orders lately issued by the Xing of Prussia with reference to the Papal brief on the subject of mixed marriages in Prussia : — " An ordinance of the Bishop of Treves , which is sa ^ d to have been issued in conformity with the tenpur of a Papal Brief , orders , in all cases of marriages between parties of different confessions , that the Evangelical ( Protestant ) bridegroom shall take an oath to the bishop , or any one of his clergy whom he may appoint , by which he shall bind himself to devote the children he may have to the Roman-catholic Church . Should he refuse to comply

      with this requirement , the marriage is , from the Romancatholic point of view , a forbidden one . Should he comply with it , the priest will , as a reward , make his appearance at some non-consecrated spot , and permit the declaration to be made of the determination of the parties to enter into wedlock , but the nuptial benediction will nevertheless be withheld . I therefore declare hereby , that I will forthwith dismiss from my service any officer of my army who may take the stipulated oath—one alike degrading to the man and to the Evangelical confession . ( Signed ) " Fkiedbich Wixhexm . Countersigned ( for the Minister of War ) , " Von Wangenhbim .

      " Charlottenburg , June 1 , 1853 . " The correspondence between the Dutch Government and the Holy See , on the subject of the recent appointment of the hierarchy in Holland , has been published . The Papal Government displays a more moderate and conciliatory tone than might be expected . The Bill presented by the new Administration to tho Chambers provides for the proper surveillance of all religions , with liberty to all .

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      The Piedmontese Parliament was prorogued , after a l 6 ng and laborious session of eight months , on the 13 th inst . The Duke of Genoa and Count Massimo d'Azegho have returned to Turin , equally delighted with England , and English hospitality .

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      The Austrian Government is reported to be on the track of an extensive conspiracy iu Central Italy . For " on the track" read " on the ground , " and it will be always true of the Austrians in Italy . Count Lcchberg ' a civil mission to Milan is confessed to be a failure , and he is said to recommend great modifications in the system of rule pursued by his Government in Xombardy . . The sequestrations proceed at Milan with unrelaxing rigour . Many families aro entirel y ruined . Tho conduct of the Austrian police towards English travellers is scarcely less vexatious than usual . An unpleasant mistake waa recently committed by the French troops afc liomo towards ono of the Pope's Chamberlains , Monsignor George Talbot do Malahide (

      originally a clergyman of tho Established Church , and a fellow of Baliol College , Oxford ) , and another ecclesiastic . Tho Reverend gentlemen were asking questions of some French soldiera in tho vicinity of tho barracks , and were , in spite of remonstanccs , arrested by ordora of tho superior oflicer , their questions boing considered by him of a Buspicioua character . They wore marched off under escort , followed by an immense crowd , to tho central military command , in tho Piazza San Marccllo . As soon as they wore identified they wero released ; and profuse excuses and apologies wero made to tho Popo by tho French Ambassador and Commandcr-in-Chief , and , we aro informed , very graciously received . Tho Grand Duko of Tuscany has commuted into porpotual oxilo tho sentence of imprisonment for life pasaod upon Guorazzi , and throo others .

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      Tho Duchess of Saxo Cobourg was attackod with measloa immediately after hor return to Germany on tho 9 th . Tho Cologne Vocal Society have mado up tho accounts of their London journey . According to this their total recoipts amounted to 2 , 2887 ., out of which , aftor paying all expenses , and reserving somo small sums for charities , they have paid 5007 . to tho Cathedral Building Committee .

      Rile Entry Ok The Russians Into Moldavia.

      rilE ENTRY OK THE RUSSIANS INTO MOLDAVIA .

      The following letter has been placed at our diaposal : — - Jassy , Moldavia , July 8 th , 1853 . " A lea jacta , est : Tho dio is cast ; the Russians havo pussetl the Pruth , and hurl defiance in tlio teeth of those who try to lesson their political influence ! "At an early hour , last Sunday morning , the third current / , a detachment of Russian troops , consisting of two regiments of infantry , about fifty Cossacks , and ns many gendarmes , crossed tho Pruth , nt Schuleny , a village situated north-east of Jaasy , about twelve miles frpm \))\ n pity , Jn qrd , or ^ fa . cjlit ; a , te tfop passage of

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), July 23, 1853, page 703, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1996/page/7/