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been in the enjoyment of 19 , 200 ? . per annum , was to have 8000 ? . a year , and to pay the residue ( ll , 200 Z . ) to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners . The moment the proposition was made there was a correspondence , which reflected anything but credit Upon the bishop . It was a trial of skill between the bishop and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners—whether the bishop would pay less or . the commissioners receive more . At length the commissioners were firm , and xiotwithstanding his protests that he would be ruined , and the see would not yield the 8000 Z . a year , they made him pay , and the net average of the see for the last year , so far from not being sufficient to pay the 8000 ? . actually produced 24 , 000 ? . ( Loud cries of ' Hear , hear . ' ) Then , again , take the case of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster . That body own fifteen houses in Great
Stanhope-street , Mayfair , and they are worth 8000 ? . per annum . But in consequence of the enormous fines levied on the houses , the dean and chapter only receive 150 ? . a year , whereas , if the property were in the hands of an individual it Would produce 8000 Z . a year . There is also the case of property at Kickmansworth , in Hertfordshire . The Bishop of iondon ran his life against the lease , and the property fell in . One or two churches were built upon it . The tithes amounted to 1400 ? . a year , arid surely it would have been better to have used that property to endow the churches necessary for the spiritual wants of the district . But what was the result ? When the lease fell in , the bishop very naturally granted a lease to trustees for his own use , or for that of his family , for twenty-one years , and by this means the Church has been actually robbed of the money . "
Lord John" Busseli advised the postponement of the bill , and expressed his reluctance to be compelled to vote directly against its second reading , because such vote might convey a false expression of his opinion on the bill . " I am far from saying that the principle of the bill is not the principle which Parliament ought to adopt . " But the question being grave , and this period of the session late , the bill ought to be postponed . Provoked by Sir Benjamin Hall ' s remarks , Lord John then explained , that Bishops are not as bad as they seem . The differences between them and the Estates
Commissioners really arise from the difficulties of commuting fluctuating into fixed incomes . Sometimes the bishop received less than the income fixed by Parliament , and sometimes more . In the case of Dr . Maltby , the bishop acted under the advice of Mr . Gresley * who had stated-that the income of the see could not afford the deduction insisted upon by the Commissioners . In deference to the general wish of tho House , the Marquis of Blandford ( whose good intentions were praised by members at all sides ) , then withdrew the bill—promising to lay it on the table of the House next session .
CHARITABLE TRUSTS . All charitable trusts are in future to be managed by certain commissioners appointed by the Crown . One clause provides that whenever money is left for the support of the Christian religion it shall be presumed to be intended to benefit the established church . This was opposed by Mr . Miaul , but was carried by 71 to 39-It is proposed to expressly exempt Roman-catholic trusts from the operation of the Bill , as it is feared that , if not so exempted , they might come under the illegal description of trusts dedicated to " superstitious
uses . " It is too lute in the session to frame a bill legalising Koman-catholic trusts , besides that such legalisation would introduce , for the first time , a recognition of tho Roman-catholic Church . Therefore it is proposed to omit , by name , all Jtom an-catholic trusts from tho control established by tho Bill . Sir Frederick Thesiger strongly objected to this , as a continuance of the unprotected state in which Koman-catholic charities are placed , their mnl-adininistration not being capable of redress , for the law does not recognise them
at all . There is no danger of the Inw being applied to them an " superstitious uses / ' but there is danger that tho Cabinet mean to continue to the Koman-catholic Church the privilege of having their charitable trusts exempted from the control of tho law . Lord John Kuss'KUj showed tho necessity of tho express exemption . By law , ut present , a bequest for masses for the dead could bo made void , on tho ground that it was for " superntitious usoh ; " therefore it is necessary to protect Uomiin-eutholics from that danger . On a division , S 7 to 76 carried tho exemption .
JUVENILE OK F JON PICKS HILL . The object of this bill is the permissive establish ment by ' counties or boroughs , or by counties and boroughs conjointly , of reformatory schools for young criininalK where tiny shall bo taught some industrial trade , and be supplied with parental enro mid homo influence , instead of being subject to tho rough and unsatisfactory treatment of a short imprisonment in our common gaols . The evil which tho bill Hooks to remedy is a great ; one , no less than the existence throughout tho country , and especially in largo towns , of an immense class of children , who , by the absence of pimmtul cure , fall into criminal habits of life . Mr . AvviatLUX moved tho uecoud reading of tho
bill . Lord Palmerston briefly stated the points of the question , and asked to have the bill postponed for better consideration . He said : — " The object in dealing with crimes and offences may be said to be threefold—in some cases the object is example , in others the object is a combination of example and reformation , and in others it is altogether that of reformation . With regard to crimes of great violence and atrocity committed by full-grown persons , the interests of society require that , the punishment should be exemplary and penal—that they should deter others from the commission of similar crimes . In such cases reformation is
out of the question . The greater number of Crimea committed by adults are of a mixed character , in the punishment of which example is required for the purpose of deterring others from imitation , but with respect to which hopes of reformation are not to be abandoned . With regard to them , therefore , the objects of punishment should be of a mixed and twofold character . But I am quite read y to admit that , with regard to children , you must consider reformation to be your object . The punishment of them , with the view of deterring other children from committing similar offences , is of secondary importance . I think that the general principle recommended by the honourable gentleman is one deserving the greatest consideration , and I trust that a measure upon the subject
may be passed next session . The details of the measure would require very mature consideration . I think that we might combine this with that measure which came down from the House of Lords with respect to the treatment of destitute children . There is other business of practical importance before the House , and it would not , therefore , be wise to prolong the present discussion . I think the best thing which honourable members can do in this matter is to read , during the recess , the evidence taken before the committee referred to by the honourable gentleman . If they do that we shall be able , when Parliament meets again , to enter into a discussion of the question , with a view to some immediate and practical measure . "
After some approving remarks from Sir James Graham , and thanks to the Government from Mr . Monckton Milnes , the bill was read a second time , and ordered to be committed this day three months .
MERCHANT SHIPPING . When a Queen ' s ship saves the merchandise or crew of another ship , no claim for salvage is to be allowed in respect of any damage done to her Majesty ' s ship , or any loss of stores , in consequence of the exertion . This is the effect of a new clause in the new bill regulating the merchant service . The Queen's ships have at present a right to take from any merchant vessel any number of volunteers . The power is but little exercised , though existing in full force . At all the different stations in the course of the last eighteen months only 1 * 70 men have volunteered . The question has been treated as a question of morality , but it is also a question of humanity . It affects most beneficially the condition of the men upon
a long voyage . Of the 170 cases , 10 were volunteers from ill-usage , 8 from bad provisions , V from bad usage and bad provisions , 13 from having had quarrels with their masters or officers , and 61 from discontent generally . Out of the 170 , 155 had been replaced , and only 40 left without the consent of their masters . Considering , therefore , the value and the ago of the right , the absence of any injustice in asserting it , and the compensation which it makes , it is a measure alike of expediency , humanity , and equity to the seamen in the merchant service . In reply to Mr . Hutt , and many other representatives of seaport towns , who pressed tho Government to abolish this power , as being unjust and injurious to the merchant service , Sir James Graham and Mr . Card well thus defended
it . Its retention was affirmed byl 29 to 49 . Tho funds arising from tolls , light dues , and such charges , are in future to bo applied to tho execution of services tending to diminish the expense of tho services defrayed at present by such fund . Tho amendment to this effect v / as proposed by Mr . Cairns , and assented to by Mr . Cahdwem .
NAVAL VOLUNTEERS . Tho voluntary principle used in tho Militia is to bo applied to tho new coast volunteers for the naval service . In our rivei ' s and in tho coasting trade there aro n number of men who will accept with avidity the bounty of 67 . a man , which this bill oflcrs , and to them wo should look for making up the complement sanctioned by this bill . It is proposed in the first instance
that 10 , 000 moil should bo raised , while it will bo stipulated that the men should not bo taken more than 50 leagues from the British or Irish const ; . Tho period of training is limited to 28 days . Tho men will receive tho pay of able Reunion in the navy , and bo culled out for livo years ; but in case of special emergency they will be obliged to servo for another year , and if the danger continues , and is imminent after that period , then tho volunteers will bo culled out for an additional
your , receiving an addition of 2 d . n day to their pay , and being obliged to go 100 leagues from tho coast . It is in contemplation to appoint one commanding' officer to superintend tho twining over the wholo of tho
United Kingdom . On the motion of Sir James Gbaham the Bill passed through committee on Monday , the only material objection made being by Admiral Wai-cot . He objected to the words , " in the case of an invasion ; " they . might give offence . But the gallant Admiral ' s apprehensions were tranquillised , and the clauses of the Bill were agreed . to without amendment ; . : On bringing up the report on the Bill Sir James Graham stated that he had ^' considered" Admiral Walcot ' s objection , and that for fear of giving offence he would omit the words , "in case of an invasion . " He would substitute the words , " in case of an apprehension of national danger . "
IRISH TENANTS . The right of the landlord to distrain growing crops has been struck out of the new bill—Lord Mqnck having moved an amendment to that effect . Sir WiluAm Veener fiercely opposed the alteration—denouncing the bill as encouraging ribandism , repeal , and several other abominations . Mr . George Alexander Hamilton also opposed the amendment ; but it was carried by 90 to 74 .
In case the landlord proceed to eject , not for nonpayment of rent , or for breach of covepant , but at his own pleasure , the tenant shall be allowed time to put in his claim for compensation . A clause to this effect has been added by Mr . Keogh to the Tenant Compensation Bill . Sir Arthur Brooke took occasion thereupon to denounce the reckless way in which
English members voted away the rights of Irish property . Lord John Russell denied the charge , and mentioned , with high praise , Mr . Napier as the originator of the present bill . A proviso , enacting that the tenant shall file , within twelve months , a declaration of his claim for improvements , stating their value , so that the landlord may know the particulars of the claim , was also added on the motion of Mr . KEOGH .
COFFEE AND CHICORY . A minute issued by Lord Derby ' s Government prohibited the mixture of chicory with coffee . Lord Aberdeen ' s Government have repealed this minute , and allow chicory to be mixed with coffee if the mixture ia stated on a label affixed to the article sold . The coffee planters of Ceylon have complained through Lord Torrington that the consequent consumption of chicory instead of coffee seriously diminishes their trade , and that the British revenue itself is injured by the consumption of chicory in preference to coffee . In the
year ending June last the consumption of coffee had diminished by 668 , 0001 bs . as compared with 1852 , and nearly 700 , 0001 bs . as compared with 1851 . The shopkeepers now charge tho people 1 * . for an article which does not cost them more than 3 d . or 4 d ., and they realize at this moment the enormous sum of 1 , 200 , 000 / . out of chicory sold among the poorer classes of the people . After Lord Derby ' s treasury minute there was an increase in the consumption of coffee , but after Lord Aberdeen ' s treasury minute the consumption decreased .
A defence of the new regulations was made by Lord Aberdeen . Chicory is not unhealthy ; some like their coffee pure , but many like the mixture of chicory . When such mixture is stated distinctly on tho label no fraud is committed . Tho difficulty with traders of keeping chicory for separate salo is , that ground chicory after any length of time becomes caked , and cannot be mixed until ground again . Therefore it is a great convenience to dealers' to be allowed to keep the coffee and chicory mixed together . Several peers took part in the discussion—Lord Monteagle opposing the Government view of the question , mainly on the ground that tho revenue derived from coffee would bo diminished by tho preferential consumption of coffee .
THE UARON DE BODE . This gentleman , though of foreign family , is a British subject , having boon born in England . Ho possessed property in Alsaco at tho timo of tho revolution . It was confiscated . At the restoration tho French Government arranged to make compensation to tho owners of all properties confiscated , and a joint English and French commission was instituted to investigate claims . By u mistake on tho part of tho commissioners full evidence of tlio baron ' s right to compensation was not received , and his claim waa not
allowed . Ho has again and again petitioned Parlirtment for redress , imd prayed that his claim might bo satisfied out of the surplus that remained of tho funds placed at tho disposal of tlio commissioners for the liquidation of such claims . A committee of tho House of Lords was at length appointed , and it recommended that tho claim of the baron should bo paid . No action , however , was tal < on on this report . Therefore- Lord Lyndhurbt revived tho question on Monday night in an eloquent and perspicuous exposition . The Lord CjiANOELiOE opposed any allowance for the claim , on
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 6, 1853, page 748, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1998/page/4/
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