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cortege through the centre of Paris , as is habitually done , it was conducted through the lonely outer streets of the capital . As , however , it had to pass through the Place de la Bastille , the circulation was closed there , as also in the neighbourhood of the cemetery of Pere la Chaise . Notwithstanding all these precautions , an enormous crowd presented itself to join in the procession . Not being permitted to follow the cortege directly , it was fain to follow it at a distance . This extraordinary excess of preventive arrangements appeared to everybody a sign of'the fears of the Government .
A very general impression prevailed in the ci'owd that this regime would get through the coming winter with difficulty , and that when / the population of Paris , aroused by hunger or by the want of work , should be stirred up to one of those terrible . fits , of passion which sometimes seize a people , it would rise like one man , and sweep Bonapartism from its path . Already a deep discontent is seething among the working men . They are nocking in from the provinces , lured by the cheaper bread , and are competing with their fellow workmen for subsistence . Wages are beginning to fall . Moreover , the run of work is slackening sensibly , consumption is falling off , the prospectfof a crisis . , makes the rich cautious , and the shops empty . Workshops are closing here and there . Abroad and at home there is cause enough for the tei-rors of the Bourse . S .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . Thb Moniteur has published three decrees of commercial importance this weet . The suppression of the surcharge upon corn and flour imported in foreign bottoms , and the reductions in the import duties on corn , flour , and divers other alimentary subr stances , are prolonged to July 31 , 1854 . A second decree , prohibiting _ until July 31 , 1 S 54 , the exportation of potatoes and dry vegetables from France , will have a direct bearing upon England , for it appears that ¦ within the last month potatoes have been exported to Great Britain on a large scale from all the principal ports of tho Channel . A third decree allows corn , flour , and dried pulse to be conveyed , until the 31 st Dec , 1853 , between France and Algeria , in foreign bottoms , exempt of all duty . France lms lost this week two of her most illustrious men
of science . l < raneois Arugo diod on Sunday l . nst , after a painful and lingering illness , aged 60 . His funeral took place on Wednesday , and though it wan a pouring rain , tho last respects were paid to the deceased patriot by more than 3000 of his countrymen . 'I'he Government itself , though Arago had steadily refused to take the oaths of allegiance to the Emperor , did . itaelf tho honour to bo represented in tho procession by Marshal Vaillant and tho Minister of Marine . A great many of Arago ' s political friends , hia companions in science , the Institute , the Polytechnic school , and a large body of working men , followed the body to the grave . The nrmy wns represented by a brigade of infantry . Francois Arago ' s youth was full of adventure and excitement in
pursuit of science , to which his devotion was indefatigable and intense , even in hia early years . He was particularly distinguished by tho Emperor Napoleon , and wns admitted a Member of the Academy of Sciences at the age of 23 . In 1830 lie was drawn into tho political world by the revolution , which engaged tho best hearts and minds of Franco in its service . Ho took his place- at tho extreme loft , by tho aido of Lufitto and Dupont de I / Euro , and conscientiously opposed the dynasty of July , apjaking with great authority and power on many administrative questions , and in 1810 , advocating an extension of the imfl ' rago . In 1818 ho was ' carried by acclamation to a post in tho Provisional
Government , to which ho lent dignity by his sincoro and proved republican convictions . In the mysterious insurrection of June , Arago marchod , with hm regiment of National Guards to attack the barricades of tho 12 th arrondissomo . it , whoro his namo had always huen popular among tho working men . iho reaction consentient upon that untoward insurrection , tlio rapid decline of tho republic , tho election of Louis Bonapnito to tho Presidency , and tho cmipd ' tUut in 1861 , profoundly saddened Arugo ' s political convictions , and though his republican constancy novor faltered , his countenance betrayed tliu traces of extreme discouragement . Ho had uoviir spoken i >> tho National Assembly alW tho insurrection of Juno , I 8 f > L INo doubt he repented with uonm bitterness , like Lalitto Having boon drawn from tho tranquil and lofty pursuits of ncieiico into tho political turmoil .
SincM December , 1851 , ho has returned inclusively , with . "' " i . » ml < 1 ni «« l « ro courngo that always distinguished bun , to his post at tho Observatory , which tho Government /'"" " N'ipoleon pormitted him to retain in spite of hi , i- outrage the national prido by removing Arago from ( 1 ,,, post Ho held to tho glory of France , and to tho admiration of
1 'iiincoi . i Arago was a distinguished member of ( l li j ] 10 ¦ cuinhlio- societies of Europo , and his own researches ; . ' , ' ' " >'"< t wilh valuable discoveries . Ev . m when ,, u"'• 'I'lo . l by illness bo nover ceased to work , and tho last week «>¦ liiri hlo found hi , vast intelligence absorbed i » arduous PKjtjUMns . Ho wny bo mud to havo diod on tho buttlo-hold « " » s glorious labours ; a patriot , a philosopher , an inlloxiblv ' ••¦ 'csl . „„„ , . Jt was Ul <} IMi , nirul > io privilege of hjH K 01 li * t <> democratic . ) seionco ; and thus ho lul / illed in a duublu •»»«• glorious sonso , tho taslc of his life and of hm ago . fmi « rti m ! ° ° I '"!'" " ' was represented at hia * unurui . iho procession took inoro than nu hour ami tt hair
to defile before the church of St . Jacques de Haut Pas . Three regiments commanded by two generals of brigade , an at the head of the staff " , General ' Courant , Commandant de la Place of Paris , and the 18 th . battalion of the National Guard were in the procession . Prince Napoleon Jerome was represented by his chief aide-de-camp . The pall was borne by M Biot , the celebrated mvant , and comrade of Arago ' s youth ; M . Goudchaux , sometime member of the Provisional Government , ¦ by a pupil of the Polytechnic school , and by a working man . The attendance of working men
was numerous ; many bore black immortelles in their hands . All the sections of the Institute were represented . Among the political friends of the deceased were MM . Berryer , Bastide , Gurnard , Charles Lesseps , Cavaignac , Vaulabelle , &c . » fcc . The Press was also represented : and among the foreigners of distinction was remarked Manin , sometime President of the Venetian Republic , accompanied by several Italian refugees . The chief mourners were his two sons , Emmanuel and Alfred , and his brother Jacques , who is blind . His second brother , Etienne , is a proscribed exile in Jersey .
Another loss to the Academy of Sciences is . the death of Auguste St . Hilaire ( son of Geoffrey St . Hilaire ) , the botanist , at the age of 74 . The Paris correspondent of The Times says- — " The French and English Governments have each addressed a note ( termed here a manifesto ) to the Russian Government on the non-acceptance of the Turkish modifications . These notes are said to be couched in decided terms , and reply very forcibly to tho last note of M . de Nesselrode . It is intimated that England and TSrance are united in their resolve to maintain the sovereignty of the Sultan and the integrity
of his empire . " He adds : — " What I mentioned yesterday about the probability of an Anglo-French expeditionary force to Turkey has been repeated in another quarter thisday , and in nearly the same manner I have already described . The particular position it would occupy is not specified , further than that it would be somewhere near the line of the Balkan , but whether to the north or south of that chain is not said . Rodosto , on the sea of Marmora , was spoken of yesterday—\ o day , Itoutschouk , on the Danube , is mentioned- All I can at present say is , that my informant is in a position to be himself well-informed ; and this day lie speaks of it as a prm ' ect actually decided upon . "
As regards this latter statement , the correspondent of the Chronicle says : — "The 30 , 000 ¦ men , whom I informed you the French Government hare decided to hold in readiness to send to Constantinople , are to be composed of 10 , 000 men from the troops in Algeria , and the rest from the home troops , principally those who were lafely at the camp of Holfiuit . The number ¦ which England is to furnish in her turn will not be , it is said more than 10 , 000 , who are to be embarked at several of the Channel ports . ' ' The Paris correpondent of the Chronicle states , " on good authority , " that a despatch li ; id boon sent to General Guyon , ( he French general on a military mission at Olmutz , forbidding him to proceed u > Warsaw , to which place lie Imd bi ; C ) i invited by the Emperor of liussia .
A chapel for tho celebration of tho rites of the Greek church has been opened at Paris . Hitherto the Greeks in Paris had to frequent the chapel of tho Russian Embassy , but the Oltomnn Ambassador lias now got the sanction of tho French Government to the establishment of a chapel for the Ottoman subjects of the ( ircck creed , and for all Greeks not subject to Russia . During his visit ( o Boabigne the Emperor presented tho military medal to the gendarme who arrested him in 1810 . His Majesty , while giving it , said to the persons near him " I admiro men who obey their chiofs . " Tho Emperor likewise sent . oOOf . to a coast-guard who had aimed his musket at him on his lauding on the . same occasion . Tho Itank of Paris has mixed thu 1 rate of discount from thret ) to four per cent .
We have no positive news of the declaration of war by tho Sultan . On the 2 ;> lh of September tho Divan met , and unanimously decided that tho Vienna Note . should bo rejected . On tho following day , at a second council , thu Divan decided that conciliation was exhausted , and proceeded to draw up a formal declaration of war , and to determine the final preparations for commencing hostilities . On tho : 27 th tho Grand Council , composed of 1 * 20 of tho chief men of the empire , went in a bodv to tho Sultan , mid demanded of him the declaration of war . All this w certain . Further reports state that ( he Sultan , in spito of tliu Ambassadors , had then published a declaration of war ; hut these reports are not , as we write , positively confirmed ; wn may oxpocl their confirmation from hour to hour . The number of foreign yossoIs in ( lit ; Bosphorus is stated at nix English , one Sardinian , onu Neapolitan , one Austrian , ono Prussian , and four French war . itoainern .
Envoys from Circas . sia hud arrived at Constantinople , with the mission , it is said of nuking aid against Russia in th (! Caucasus . Tho Eniporor of Russtn , in his progress , gets up religious enthusiasm in Iho usual . stylo . From the Russian Journal wo havo u full description of the perfonnanco at Moscow . " On tho 1 ' 1 tli hist ., at 10 o ' clock in tho morning , , 11 is Imperial Majesty the Right Pious Lord and Kinporor Nicholas Paulowitsch , with his son , tlio * ) rthodox Lord Grand DiiLt : Nicholas Nieolajowit . sch , under peals of boll . hammering , performed his pilgrimage over tho Krcmcl to tho Uspennki Sobor , through Iho midst of < Iiuim > masses of people . Tho Emperor was received by tho Metropolitan of Moscow
Phil . irol , and welcomed m thu following words : ¦— " Right Pious Emperor ! Everything under Heaven has lin time , « ayn tin ) wise man . The Orthodox Church has ever rocognmed in time its defender ; but most especially does tho present time look on then a . s mutlt . For her sanctuary in tho tmst , for tho mifofy and peaco of our brethren in religion , bant tliou viwtsu up with tho swurd that , in mighty by moans of the Imperial word . " This wiis followed by the kissing of tho cross , the sprinkling it with holy water , and private prayer , alter which tho holy pw'Xurcs and relied wen ) kissed again . Tho Emperor and iim . snito then lull tho Sobor , with tho cross curried beforo him . A . nimilar doinoimtration took placo at Waraaw . JLottora from St . i ' otornburg , of tho 21 th ult ., announce
that the Russian Baltic fleet had received orders to return ™ ° " 4 •' hold itseltat the disposal of the Government , ine Russian cavalry ( corps de Danube ) has been withdrawn to a distance of two marches from the banks of the Danube , and has been replaced by Cossacks and by infantry . This change lias been induced by the desertion taking place horn the -former corps . Up to the present time fbur corps have passed the Pruth . These corps are respectively commanded by tho Generals Daneiibiirg , Paniutiu , Oaten Saken , and Lude-rs . 160 , 000 men ( four corps of 40 , 000 ) should now , tnerefore , be under their command ; nevertheless , those best informed assert that their entire force does not exceed 100 , 000 men , those corps wanting yet fully one-third of their present complement .
The Hungarian , Martin Kossta , left Smyrna on the 28 rd , for the United States , with the consent of the Austrian Government . It is said that the Conferences at Olmiitz dUeussed the question of political refugees , and the conduct to be preserved towards the United States in disputed cases of naturalization of European " subjects . " The Austrian Lloyd ' s states that the resolve of the Divan on the resolution of the Grand Council was an " eventual " declaration of war . Austria is about to raise two loans "by lottery . " For one foreigners are allowed to furnish the money ; natives are to be permitted to share in the second . A commercial treaty between France and the Zolleverein is reported .
The military manoeuvres at Olmiitz closed on September 2 S . The whole of the manoeuvres were ordered on the spot by the Emperor , commanding in person . In addition to the seventeen members of reigning houses , there were present superior officers of all the armies of Europe , many Russian and Prussian generals ; of Hauoverians , General Halkett ; from Bavaria , the well-known Von de Tanu ; from France , General Guyon , with other officers ; many English , headed by Lord Westmoreland and Colonels Bloomueld , Vicars , Lawrence and Diiplat . The operations closed with a splendid cavalry manoeuvre of eleven regimarits , altogether 12 , 000 horsemen , ander the command of Prince Francis Lichenstein . The field operations were very severe , and involved some serious casualties to the troops . In one no less than a ton and a half of powder was exploded .
The two Emperors gave a parting demonstration of alFec ti , by a fraternal embrace in the presence of the armies . The Emperor of Russia left Olmiitz at ten o ' clock on the night of the 28 th , having previously addressed pressing despatches , by an extraordinary courier , to the Hereditary Grand Juke . Now that an Austrian loan is found to bo impossible in London , the reduction of fhe Austrian urmv is no longer reported ; on the contrary , the usual levies havo proceeded . The Editors of tho Vienna journals were lately summoned by the police , and enjoined to discontinue any mention of the movements of the Imperial forces .
I he Krt'iitz sCcittimj winds up its autumnal " cireumspice" ( ruitJscIurn ) with these words with reference to tho Turks , as the common enemies of Christendom : — " Thero can be no truer , more fruitful , or powerful conception in the extensive policy of ( he Fivo Powers than ' European concert " or pentarchy , having no other object than a return to its focus—the Holy A lhance . " Thu Berlin correspondent of the Chronicle says : — "It woul . l bo satisfactory to . know how the penturchy , or revived Holy Alliance , would contrive to comert or dispose of the forty millions of Mahomedans , which form a third of tho British Ka . st Indian population . It . is easy to perform tho part of a Delphian priest or priestess , but lo » s so to enact that of an QOilipus . " Tin ; reports a . s to tho personal movements of the Emperor of Russia uud his royal " friends' arc coutmdiciory . Thu first account stated that the Czar had invited the King oi
Prussia and the Emperor of Austria to VVarsuw , to witness the nmiicL'uvrcs of the Russian troops . A telegraphic report from Berlin states that the Emperor of Russia had been joined at Warsaw by the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia . He persists , he says , in his professions of peace , and , it is expected , will encourage the Emperor of Austria to make another attempt at mediation . Before Iho Kinperor loft Olmiitz , he signed an ukaso for a now levy of troops , and sent it off by courier to St . Porersburg . There- aro Htorien an to the demeanour of tho Czar at OhnuU . Ho received Lord Westmoreland coldly , merely saying , " I am delighted ;* ' but he was most cordial to the French General Guyon , expressing through him his " lovo and esteem" for Louis Napoleon . A paragraph in the Morninij I ' oxt states , ( hat tho King of Prussia was to have returned to Berlin as yesterday " accompanied by tho Emperor Nicholas . " This is very doubtful .
Count d'Appony , tho Austrian Minister , left Turin on thu 12 th , on " unlimited leave of absence . ' It will bo borne iu mind that tho Sardinian Ambassador at Vienna was recalled some months ngo . We read thu following iu a letter from Rome , tjuotcd by the Vurlamrnlo of Turin , of the 30 th ult . : — " Tho greatest diversity of opinion—a regular schismexists in tlio Liberal party at . Rome . In thu mouth of July last , ihe Liberals had received pressing orders from Ala' / . / . iui to act immediately . An there was great indecision among tho Liberals , they agreed upon holding a nocturnal meeting . Sixty persons attended , and , ufter much discussion , it w « s
put to tho vote wholher Ma / . / . ini ' s orders should bo executed or not ; whereupon *> 7 votes nppcarcd against , and t \ lor ( Vla / . / . ini . Thin result has filled the party of tho FusioiUHts with joy , their object being that of uniting Iho Liberal Italian , " ) of all hhade . s , without , proclaiming any particular form of government . "* Thu Federal Council of Switzerland gavo its annual dinner to thi ) diplomatic corps on the 2 l » lh . Tho Ministers ol Austria and Prussia were not present , tho first , being in ill-humour about Tic . ino , mid the second about Nunl ' chutol . Private letters from Madrid of tho 28 th ult . mention that negotiations aro on loot , to induce tho father of the roii / niiiLf
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October S , 1853 . J THE LEADER 965
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* Wo havo Din Nl . rongR . st reason for believing that thin statement , of tho official » u » or of tho Surdiniau Ministry io without foundation .
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 8, 1853, page 965, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2007/page/5/
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