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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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the propositions of the Russian Government to commence hostilities against the Turks . The Indian Mail reports , that the Persians Lave occupied Herat . But this requires confirmation . . . .
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The three Sovereigns have met at Warsaw " . On the evening of the 2 nd inst ., the Emperor of Austria left Vienna for Warsaw ; and on the same evening ' , the King of Prussia , persuaded at last hy a third and pressing invitation from the Czar , started from Berlin , attended by two aides decamp . On the 7 th inst ., the King of Prussia returned to Berlin , accompanied by the Emperor of ltussia , and proceeded to Potsdam , where he remained in retirement with his
Imperial guest at Sans SoueL On the 8 th , the Zeit , the organ of M . de Manteuffel , the Prussian Prime Minister , came out with a declaration of Prussian policy in the event of war —as that of a " commanding neutrality . " This article appearing during the stay of the Czar at Sans Souei , created a sensation , and was regarded as an official demonstration . It appears to us , that the article of the Zeit is rather favourable to Russia than otherwise . According to the treaty of 1811 , the part of Prussia would be to join the Western Powers in resisting Iiussian aggression on Turkev . _
On " the night of the 9 th inst ., the Czar departed for St . Petersburg . He was accompanied to the railway station bv the King . The Sunday , we are told , was spent at P ' otsflam in the quietest and most unpretending' manner . The King attended Divine service in the garrison Kirch . in Potsdam ; the Emperor in the Greek chapel of the Russian Colony Alexandrewska , near Potsdam . At eleven o ' clock , there was Church parade of the 1 st battalion of tlie First Regiment of Guards and Hussars , and their Majesties repaired to the Palace in Potsdam , and subsequently to Sans Souci . There were no guests invited , beyond the Iiussian Generals in the Emperor ' s suite and Baron Burlberg , in addition to the move immediate Royal circle At Potsdam , as at Olmutz and Warsaw , the Czar expressed himself most emphatically in favour of peace , and of the independence of the Porte .
M , dc Manteuffel , w ] 10 had been commanded to Potsdam for a conference ,, was retained to dinner by the two Monarclis .
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The Grand Duke Alexander was expected at Odessa in the beginning of this month . . ~ . ¦¦¦'¦'¦ The presence of the Duke of Nemours in the neighbourhood of the Turkish camp ,-travelling under -the name of Samblon , and accompanied by a distinguished oflicer named de Iteillez . excited many conjectures and some uneasiness * The Due dc Nemours had previously visited the Eussian camp , where he was treated with mafked distinction . Russia has , it is known , secured the neutrality of Austria and Prussia ; but in "the case ' of the former Power it would be a neutrality useful to Russia , and injurious to Turkey , -and would involve the occupation of Servia . Prussia would be content with checking any movement in Poland .
A letter from Trohizonde , of the 21 st September , gives some interesting details on the situation ofthe surroinulin g country . The city , it say .- , was well fortified , ' and perfectly secure ' from any attack by sen .. The Turkish army in Asia Minor was numerous , in excellent , order , and well commanded . The Russian troops were infeaior in number , and almost entirely concentrated in C-Jeorgia and tMrnissk , mid the Russian Commander-in-Chief , who resides in Tillia , had found it necessary to send im officer of his staff to St . Petersburg lo demand reinforcements . Tlie Turkish Government has resolved upon increasing the army in Asia , and it ia the general opinion that hostilities will commence there . The Turkish forces 'in'Asia are stationed along the line stretching from Krzcroum to Batum . This army is , however , chiefly composed of irregular soldiers , and at present doea not ; exceed 4 () , ( X ) 0 men . Measures arc being taken for its immediate incrwiHO , and on the offensive bein < r taken bv Turkev , an endeavour will
be marie to carry the seat of war as near to the Caucasus as possible , a junction with the Circassians being naturally considered very desirable .
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Tlie regular packet serviee of the . Danubian Steamship Company in connexion with the Austrian Lloyds a | , Clalaiz , is suspended between Orsovn . Thus communications between Austria and Turkey are interrupted . The Company Iiossesses an many us thirty-five steamers on this service . [ t is probably , therefore , the threatening uUilune of the hostile armies * which has cuuscn this suspension of tlio river packet service . All furloughs have been suspended in the Austrian army . Murl . in Kossta ban been finally liberated , and has Hailed for tlie United States in a Baltimore brig . It is reported that Gri . oi-uh D . Miibiuski and Klapkulmvo accepted commands in the Turkish army . Numerous arrests have takpn place in Austrian Italy , ainri even in Piedmont , of refugoos .
General (< oyon u ) id the other Kronch oflicem whnvisileil tho < -: unj ) nt ( Jhnulz , were , us we mentioned last week , invited to Warsaw by the Czar . ' They received permission hy telegraphic ! message to acc (> pt the invitation . Kiglit hours uff « r , connler-ordern roiich . 'd CJcncnil Uoyon < o return to Paris . Jt in tmiil that , when Louis Napoleon found that no lOnglish oflk'ern were invited to Warsaw , ho would not . coiin'N'imnco an evident insult , to Kntf huul , desijmofl to create distrust and jealousy befwenu England and Frniicc . It , ban been ( ho unceasing aim of . lliwsia to render uju alliance of tho two Powov-h imwoHHibk ' .
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Tho import , duties on gmiriH into tho States of Mm Chur een minpenthsd uni . il 'fVUruavy , IBM . A deeree . hy tho j'iedmontoso Govei-mnonl , redueos ( ho duty on corn ' to one-fourth , and that on other grain toonehulf of its present amount . The Madrid Uixzetto of the Mh , publishes tho royal uVoreo for tho convocation of tin / Cortes , with the Ministerial report on the , name subject , presented to tho Quern . Tho now Cabinet , condemns its prodwe / worB for governing
without a Parliament , declaring the co-operation of the Cortes with the Government to be necessary to legalise the existence and action of the Cabinet . It was reported that Narvaez would be President of the Senate .
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THE FAB EAST . The American squadron , under Commodore Perry , reached Japan on the 8 th of July and left again on the 17 th . It was well received , but the opening of Japan was postponed to the spring of 1854 . ' Tlie rebellion in China continued to progress , and Pekin was expected to fall soon , and witb ^ it the Hienfoung dynasty . The accounts from Bunnah are unsatisfactory . The war party at Ava was increasing in strength . The King alone prevents war . Our new provinces are overrun with large bands' of robbers , who lay them waste , with the view of driving' the inhabitants into Burmah . These-bands are so strong that it has been judged prudent to increase the force at Prome . Our troops are sickly . . " . '' .. '¦ The Persians have obtained possession of Herat .
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OUR SEAMEN IN THE NORTHERN SEAS , The despatches from the commanders of the vessels sent with the object of finding Sir John Franklin , or traces of him , are ' very interesting in every point of view . ' ¦ " ¦ ' . ' . •!••¦ ' •¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ .. Lieutenant Inglefield was sent from home in the Phoenix , to land stores on Beechy Island , and to give despatches to Sir E dward Belcher . . -The ice prevented his approach to Beechy Island , and he left the stores on Cape Riley . He then went by land from Cornwallis Island to Cape . "R escue , and there found that Captain Pullen , of the North Star , his companion ship , ' had already communicated with Sir Edward . Hid land voyage was very . 'trying , but the ordinary perils of the ships are thus indicated :- — "' On the 17 th of August a heavy gale from tlie southeast set the ice ' on to the Cape so suddenly and with such violence , that both ships narrowly escaped being lost . The Phoenix was severely nipped , the ice bearing down upon her with such force that the six ¦ 'hawsers and two tables laid out were snapped like pack-thread , and the ship forced against the land ice , lifting her stern five feet , and causing every timber to groan . The hands were turned up to bo ready in case the ship should break up , though there would have been small chance , in such an event , of saving a man , as the wind blew so violently with snow that it was impossible to face it , and the ice hi motion around tho ship wad boiling up in a manner tliat would-have defied getting a safe footing to the most active of our crew . " In another part ofthe report lie describes the handling of the ship when blocked up in the
ice"In the evening a small crack along the north shore to the eastward was observed , and we immediately shipped the . anchor , and steamed up , but it closed ere wo could reach it ; we therefore returned for the night , but in the morning I was glad to find it again opened , and we proceeded under full steam and sail with a light northerly wind , towards the eastward . Nothing but a powerful steamer could have effected her escape at Uvat period , and now with one or two slight detentions ibr a couple of hours , we made out of the Straits . " ¦ ¦ . :
In tho Investu / alor , Captain M'Clure has effected the North-West Passage ' . When at Cape Parry open water to the northward induced Captain M'Chtre to push for Banks' Land , and when about sixty miles from this capo they fell in with an unknown coast , which was named Baring Island . Passing up a strait between this island and a coast that was called Prince Albert ' s Land , they readied the latitude of 73 deg ., where ico impeded their further progress . The season suddenly changing , the ship was bese £ , and forced to winter in the pack . On the 14 th of July , 1851 , the ice broke up , and freeing the nhip , an endeavour was
made to push to the northward towards Melville Inland , but an impenetrable phek precluded their completing what their autumn travelling parties had proved to be the north-went passage , An atteu < pt w ; ih now made to round tho southern shore of Baring Inland and proceed up tho west side , ' and with great peril to tho vv'Buel they succeeded Jn reaching an far as latitude 7 I . ( > , and longitude . 117 . 12 , where they wore frozen in on tho ' 24 t , h of September , 18 / 51 , and havo never since been able to inovo tho ship . But from thin point he sent on Lieutenant Cresswcll , Who crossed 'by land , and oairus homo with Lieutenant Inglefield in the Phoenix . • ¦ ,
Thoio arc two rwimrkablo dincovorio . 8 , mentioned \\\ Captain M 'Clure ' n journal , viz ., some smoking hillocks and a petrified forest . Hy also Btati « i that during \\{ H intorcoursn with tlui iiativcu , lio only onoo met ¦ with any hostile deinoriHtrationfl . Thin ooeurrod lit' Point Warron , near'tho MttclcoH / . io , where ; on attempting to land , two natives with threatiinhig £ estnretf waved tlioiji off ; it was ' not withoht much difficult y that / they woiv > pacified , and then t ]\ vy rclate . ll that iill ' tl »«» " tri ' bb but tho chief and his sick son , had 'ijjod oji Keoing tho Whi |» , h i iHon iiiaitii 5 ieareitii ui
.-.. > Bm <«™ ., n ;; ,, ( y , ( , ; , ) o snip n ; , co , iti <) to royongo Ll » r death of a wiuto , m ; i | i ' thoy . had murd . « r ») d Homo time ago . They ( through tho interpreter ) related that muni wliitc nion had oolno thoixJ in a boa <) , and that thoy built thoniHolvort a Iiouho and lived thero ; at last tho nativoH nmrdnrtid ono , and tho othom escaped thoy knew not where , but tho niurdorod man Whh buried In a > ijtot th <) y poirited out ; "" ¦ Tho following in tho { . rmcrpja paVt ^ fCaptjuh
M 'Clure ' s despatch . The coolness with which the gallant adventurer contemplates the danger of his posi " tion , and warns followers against a search that mav bo fruitless , is worthy of remark . J "Should any of her Majest y ' s ships be sent for our reliW and we have quitted Port Leopold , a notice eontainuip- in foiTxiationofour route will be left at the ) door of the hout on Wlialei- ' s Point , or on some conspicuous point if how ever , on the contrary , no intimation should be found of ow having beea there , it may be at once " surmised that sort fatal catastrophe has happened , either from being- carrWl into the Polar Sea or smashed in Barrow ' s Straits and no survivors left * if such should be the case , which howevw I will not anticipate , it will then be quite uimn ^™^ ;'
penetrate further westward for our refief , as by the p eriod that any vessel could reach that port we must , from want of provisions , all have perished ; in such a case I would submit that the officer may be directed to return and bv no means incur the danger of losing other lives hr quest of those who will then be no more . As , however , ifc mav occur ( as was the case With Sir John Kbss ) that the ice may not break ujj in Prince Regent ' s Inlet durino- tho whole siunnner , it is as well to provide against such a contingency . If such should happen , it would be necessary to winter at Port Leopold , unless apprised of the locality of any ship that might be sent to our relief , which I think might be accomplished without any very great difficulty as , although such vessel may not be enabled to get far up the ^ traits , yet , as Admiralty Inlet would be pretty certain
01 being clear ot ice , she might proceed thither , and in some secure bay freeze in ,-. and when the Straits are firmly frozen Over about the middle of October , a small travelling party could be despatched with tho intelli gence ; the whole would then proceed to her , and although rather late in the season , mien working for their lives are not likely to be discouraged . "b y a little cold . Whatever may be the final termination of this long , tedious , ' but , I hope , not unimportant voyage , I hope , sir , that you will assure their lordships that in every stage I have been guided entirel y by what I have considered to .. be .-. my dut y in prosecuting to
the utmost tlie object for which the expedition was fitted outj alfchougli we have not succeeded in obtaining any information which could throw the sli ghtest clue upon the fate of our missing countrymen . I hope that the services perfornjed in the tracing of a very great extent of coast line , the discovery of much land—a portion inliabited b y a simple and primitive people not hitherto known , and , above all , the accurate knowledge of that passage between ' "the Atlantic and Pacific oceans which for ^ o many hundred years has baffled maritime Europe—itTvery existence beinoalmost considered sceptical—will , I trust , be considereS events sufficiently interesting and , important to elicit from their lordships a favourable consideration of our Services . "
bir liidward Belcher examined Wellington Channel , but found nothing of importance . He says : — " I think I may safely say , that not the most distant hope of any communicat ion by sea exists in this direction with Jones ' s Sound . Although , from the fogs arid vapours , which were particularly noticed from the crow ' s-nest on board , and by myself from tho deck , exhibiting at times the appearance of einoke from fires ,-1 am inclined to suspect ext ^ n .-iive lakes or arms of the sea , &c , running parallel to . tho northern land , and possibly connecting hy some very narrow neck , but westerly much , as it would otherwise inaierially influence the tides in thin region . Throughout this very interesting search not a particle of
< lrift wood has been noticed since quitting Village Point , and not a trace of human beings . Animal life seems f <> fail after quitting Exinouth Inland . It is possible that , the snow may have covered many objects , but we noticed them even when heavier bhow had fallen on Table Island . If our unfortunate . countrymen have 'takon the lloo awl drifted with it , ' their ca ' so is hopeless . If we mayjuritfo from the aspects of the -floes , where they had coino into collision , or where- they piled tUemnclve . s in layers over forty feet on the north-western extremities of the inlands , the feeling was disheartening . We noticed nothing emml to it in Melville Bay . Our onl y resource now is tho closo search of tho coast line went and south-westerly and north
and easterly for any traces of vessels or crews . " I'Yoni our examination of this northern sea , I now feel convinced that tho so-termed Smith and . Jones ' s Sounds arc connected immediately with this northern sea . - 'I Franklin pawed easily through Lancaster Sound to try < li <> opening of Jones ' s or Smith's outlets , wo may yet fall upon his traces , as \ ny own spring movements will carry in « m that direction . Commander Pullen or Mr . M'Corinielc may have already , in part , nettled thi . s important , quest ion ; they were full y impressed by lrie with tlie importance ot that course of search . "
A Had story , in . added to theno northern talcs . I ' gallant young itVoncbman , Lieutenant BoHot , who volunteered to accompany tho expedition , was sent by Commander Pullen , from ¦ tho North Mar , across land to "tho Amititnnct ! with desputohoH for tfir Kdward Belchor . Four men iicoompanied him . Ono oftliom tells tho nari ^ tivo . " We got tho provisions on / shore on Wednesday , tli «; 17 1 <¦¦ After w <) had douo that ; thero romaincd on tho ice Imvk Hook , A . B . ; Limit . JJellot ,, and myself , having . with us tl . < Nled tfO Ma <; u » t ») Hl > , awjiiug , and litlh ' ' Wat . CVdumt'i" - ' " trymK k > draw i \ w tund , and wledtro lo llw southwanl , > " '
ibund ftU ) wo driving iiti fusf ; l ( , f ( , | , ho « I «! d { fe mid w «* ' ' boat , only , bid , flut wind was ho slrong uf , Mio ^ iino tluii . . h \ mv thp boa ^ t , ov « ir and over . , MVnthtnx , Uwk «>« Jx ^ it ^ i u un und ^ r ' sh ' oltov rf ' Ji piece of ice , <« i < f ' U , Wcllol , nntlamselves com in en | red cullting an jc (! -hm | s < Mv ; th our Jtnivcs olioltor . M . Bollof ; 8 | ifi for half an hour in cohyoth » 1 ' «" y /» uh talknig on ( , ]»<) dartgor of our poHition . 1 Uw } »" . wiih not , afraid , mid ' that Qw Amorictin oxpodi' . "" V (| drfvnn up « md . \ Vw . n lh cluuiuol by tho ><•<> . » ° ° l' , , ; 'I know thoy wore . ; and when tho , Lord protects us n » - hair , of oiir . > oiwl « , shall h < ,, toqcWl . ' I * h o » •» f " ; 'Lj ' BcUot wjmt time t was P Mo , * opM ' About » v fttiw ^
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« 90 THE LEADER . ; IS ^ torday , . ' . ''! ¦ .. "" " ' ' ¦ ' ' . ' " . ¦¦ . - ¦ ¦ "''>'' ¦ ! ^^ K !^ rTr ^! T ^^^ TTTTT ^ TTTTTT ^ TT ^ ¦ . ¦ .. ; . „ ,. . •¦ .,.... .. . . ... .. ¦ ' ' ~
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1853, page 990, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2008/page/6/
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