Current:

Leader (1850-1860), 22nd October 1853, Edition Town of 2, Page 1014, Untitled Article

Page 1014
Page 6
6 of 24

On this page

  • Text (6)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Article

      would shorten the navigation of the Danube between Vienna and Constantinople by 250 miles , and bring the mouth of the river 150 miles nearer to Constantinople . It is stated that the Turkish Government has asked the French Emperor to allow two general officers and about a dozen staff officers to astach themselves to his army . The Syrian contingent to the Turkish army of Asia will number near 18 , 00 Q men . The Prince of Servia is reported to have informed Omer Pacha that 30 , 000 men are on the frontier , to repulse the

      troops ot Austria , if they should attempt to enter the Principality . M . Xavier Raymond , one of the chief political writers of the Journal des Debuts , has been sent to Constantinople to report on events . His first letter describes the enthusiasm of the population for war , and at the same time their dignity , moderation , and calmness , the immense efforts to support the struggle , the effective state of the Turkish army , and the activity and extent of the warlike operations . He had visited the fleets in Besika Bay . The British fleet had suffered much from sickness , but the health of the ships was much improved . the

      The Porte has expressed its determination to restrict consequences of the impending war to Ilussian interests only , and to protect those of all other States , as in time of peace . The Russian subjects in Turkey are , from the 1 st of October , to be placed under the protection of Austria . Omer Pacha has declared that vessels sailing under a neutral flag will be allowed to pass on the Danube till the 25 th inst . A command in the Turkish army has , it is said , been offered to Abd-el-Kader , but previous to accepting it the Emir had asked the opinion of the French Government on the subject . From the Danube wo hear that " Omer Pasha has

      organized a regiment of Pontonnxers , whose instruction was making rapid progress every day . He has nearly completed all the materiel for throwing a bridge across the river , but it is not expected that he will make any movement until next spring . " Prince Gortschakoff , it is said , has ordered 3000 huts to "be erected on the left bank of the Danube , and the Wallachian government has to pay 30 , 000 ducats for their construction . " The commissariat of the Hussian army" is described by the Times as being " soinfamously managed , that sometimes there is no bread . From 10 , 000 to 12 , 000 men are constantly in the hospital with dysentery and typhus . Generals Gortschakoff and Dannenberg are also ill . A thing hitherto unheard of in the Kussian service has occurred : Generals Satler and Kotzebue have written to St . Petersburg , and declared that , in consequence of the nonchalance of Prince Gortschakoff , the army will be ruined before the campaign begins . Prince Paskiewitch is loudly demanded by the army .

      Untitled Article

      A French paper states tliat Lord Brougham has placed over his portals at Cannes the ' classical inscription valedictory to public life—Inveni portum—Spcs et Fortuna , valete Sat me lusistis—ludite nunc alios . The Earl of Carlisle was at Malta on the 12 th inst .

      Untitled Article

      MECHI ON THE STEAM PLOUGH . At . i meeting'of the " With am Labourer ;? ' Friend Society , Mr . Mcchi made a good speech . The early part of the day had been devoted , mainly , to ploughing matches , and the speech of the citizen-fanner , spoken alter dinner , explained clearly tho scope and character of the new steam machinery . We give , almost in its entirety , hv \ very interesting speech . Ilia " balance-sheet" was the first topic : —¦ . "I have boon for a long time asked for my balance-sheet , and a few days ago I set myself quietly down to niy books to examine the accounts of this year ; 1 called in my neighbour here to assist mo in i \ w . valuation , and we both agreed that we were entitled to u larger valuation for tillaccH than

      lost year ; but laying it at the same 1 . found that , I not only derived my improved rental , but 1 derived a profit of at least 301 )/ ., taking the wheat at 107 . a load , and with thu present price of wheat , perhaps X si ml 1 get 400 / . But I bog to state that the difference has arisen in a great measure from the stock account , and my improved Nynteni oi ' irrigation , from its enabling- mo to keep double tho amount of stock on the same amount of land ; that lias influenced my crops more or lens , and though L have purchased 700 / , of food , I find the diflbroiu'e ban been very much in my favour . To that ,, quite an much an to tho general advance in price , I attribute my suceoaM . 1 am now in a better condition than I over was— more ready to produce belter crops in future ; and I may say I may 1 ' aiHy congratulate myself on being- now wifely landed in tho harbour of profit . ti Mi jk / ixii \ r IMt /» iiir » f / iiii t \ V ii-iiiirnlutn I Itfifj * fwl / ii \ f / wl . •/ ii . ( Clioon-i ) Tho system ot irrigation Ihave adopted

      . . certainly does wonderful things . Jt will change a bad pasture into a good one in the course of a year . There in not , a person in thin meeting who will not be able to confirm what I say , that do what you will , and spend what you will , it is ( liflicult to got goixl pasture on tho hard yellow clay ; but the irrigation apnciU'H to make tho old plautu die out , and brings you in a new stock of grasses and clover , that makes the' animals look hotter , and enables you to keep inoro per acre . That brings me to the question of drainage ; and tho morn carefully I consider that , the more I um convinced I urn right in this principle , for i assure you that tho liquid manure nol ; only saturates tho ground to the depth of three , four , or Jive foot ,, but , runs . through thosit solid clivys , coloured highly , anil smelling , and you may trace it in ' tho ditches for 200 , or tfOO , or 400 yards ' . "

      Steam cultivation ih making progress . "I havo a strong opinion , which is confirmed inoro and more every day , that steam will shortly be tho powor to cultivate most of our soils , and for tins simple reason ,---that hoi-sen soon get tired of hard work . Wo nover allow them to plough more than an m .-ro a ( Jay , whon they aro then taken oil' and . Hunt homo , becuuw you kjuoiv it would

      bo against your interest to make them do more . On the road the power of a horse regularly worked is exhausted m an hour . If e takes a coach seven or eight miles , —that is one stage ; and he is then taken off for the remainder of the day : he is worked one hour , and he rests 23 , —and he cannot do that more than six days out of the seven . But if you get a steam horse , and feed him-with , coals and water , you may keep on till the end of time , or till it is worn out . I believo that steam power is as important in the cultivation of the land as in any of the other operations in which it is employed . The great difficulty of the matter has been to get the great weight / that-was thought necessary to giye tho power , on to the land , but I think by , our machine we shall get the poster of 10 or 12 , or 15 horses , concentrated

      into the weight of two tons ; and if we do get it in two tons with the power of 15 horses , we shall be able to move a great deal of soil at little cost . " Whether the tilling of the soil , the preparing of it , and the seeding , can be'done all at one time , remains to be seen . The inventor says that a rabbit when it scratches up a piece of ground , covers it by what is scratched up from that which follows . This will be the principle of the machine . If it make a hole it will fill it up in . the same way ; and if it succeed in that and roll the land , it will be a great convenience to the farmers . I have also to state that the new American thrashing machine has arrived ; the boxes have been sent down to my farm , and I have suggested to the party that we should have a trial of it on the same day as the digging machine . If that should succeed—I have seen a model of it , and I think on the whole it is an improvement on the others we

      have in the thrashing and dressing part—lie says it will thrash two "bushels a minute—I shall be satisfied if it does one ; but this I am rather surpi'ised at—it is worked by horse power . We of course shall use steam . As to the steam digging machine , I ought to state that the power will be applicable to all other objects m farming , thrashing , pumping , or anything on the farm ; and if it should succeed , it will lie let out as drills are for small farmers , I have no doubt . I should mention there is another large plan of steam cultivation under consideration , in which , by the introduction of a sj ^ stein of railways and endless ropes , the farmer will lie able to use an engine of 30 or 40 , or 50-horse power ; thai is under consideration , and I have seen the 'drawings , but I am not in a condition to say whether it will be carried out . But I think in seven years you will see forty different plans for cultivating land by steam . "

      Mr . MecM then praised a new kind of perforated bricks , as being stronger than the common bricks , and with other advice on' practical matters , wound up a pleasant and probably useful speech .

      Untitled Article

      A SCHOOL FOR TENANT FARMERS . Some very timely and judicious remarks were made at a meeting last week of the Cheshire Agricultural Society . The speaker was a Mr . Martin , and the theme the necessity of especial education for the sons of tenant farmers . " We aro all aware , and I hope we all duly appreciate the great efforts that have been made by the aristocracy of this country and the public generally , in providing for tho education of tho working-classes , and no one more sincerely than myself wishes that those efforts may bo crowned with success . We have , my lord , a diocesan college for the training of schoolmasters ; wo have our national schools studded over the country , and a great national ornament they are ; we liave our endowed public schools , our chambers of commerce , our schools of design , and innumerable other establishments of learning and improvement for all classes

      of her Majesty ' s subjects but one , and that a very important class . 1 mean tfio tenant fanners' sons , for whom I do respectfully contend there its not that adequate provision made which their st ation in society demands . I boliovo it is tho opinion of some that a very moderate amount ; of education , and indeed a very moderate capacity , is sufficient for a farmer . Now , my lord , I must tako leave to differ entirely from this doctrine ; and when wo consider the difficult and important duties a farmer haa to perform , such us tho selection of stock , tho treatment of that stock , understanding tho valuo of it when ready for market , the selection of proper implement s , tho management of their servants , tho porforinaneo of parochial duties , and a great , many other things which necessarily devolve upon him , I think you must agree with mo thai , both a Aviso head and a well informed mind avo quite necessary for tho duo porforniunco of these important , duties . lam aware that roiiio people think tho education to bo obtained in our national schools

      is quite sufficient for a {' armor ' teflon ; but supposing this to be tho case , 1 know thoro is a strong objection on tho part of fuvmerrt generally to their children bonify sont to tho flmni ) schools iih those boys who aro to become in oiler lifo their servants , as it tends to destroy or interiors with that ; authority the master ought to exercise over thu servant ; besides which they contend ( and I think with rrnson ) that the farmer hns i > s great , a right to maintain his position in society as any other section of tho community . I think , therefore , my lord , what is wanted is simply the erection of a proper building in komio central part , of tho . county , which might be done by a public subscription , and if onco set in motion I make no doubt it would bo a sol ( -support ing institution , as I . know from niy intercourse with tlw farmors of this hat

      county' ( ., something of thin sort is loudly trailed for by them . I Would not , coiifino tho subscription to tho geullonicn and yeotnon of the county , but I would tako in another class < il ' gentlemen whom I think wo may conclude , from the present , position of trade , have a deep interest in everything Mint may tend to tho success of agriculture , and tho inoreant > oi'home-grown human food . I moan the commercial men and lnanuf ' acturerH ; and if I am not very much mistaken in my estimation of ' thoir good toolings towards our Cheshire fanners , I boliovo an appeal to the merchant , prim-en of Liverpool , and tho rich manufacturers of lameaHhiro and Yorkshire in this good causo would not bo mado in vain . Indeed , 1 think it would bo a very graceful , way of . acknowledging iUo wvility Uioy hiiyo vfiwoya ro

      ceived , and the obligations they are under to the Cheshire farmers for permitting them , with so much good humour to ride over their iields and fences in pursuit of their favourite and exMlarathig sport of fox-hunting and other field amusements . However impracticable my ideas upon this subject may appear at first sight , if I am spared I hope many in this room , may live to see the day when , a building ' shall rear itehead in some healthy locality in this county , where the rising- generation of farmers' sons may be able to obtain a good sound . agricultural education ' ( Cheers . ) The people present quickly took up { he idea thus put forth , and Dr . Brindley promised to put the matter in train for a practical issue .

      Untitled Article

      "THE GOLDEN AGE . This new American steamship now in tha Mera w is in fact , the American river boat sent to sea , and although her speed has not been extraordinary on her late passage , it has been fair—say good , occupying eleven days nine hours . The adaptability of boats of this class to ocean steaming , not on the calm waters of the Pacific , but amidst the gales of the Atlantic , is as yet an undecided question , for the Golden Age , the first steamer of her class , experienced moderate we ' ather ¦ u pon the whole . . To test the matter fairly and conclusively , it would require that she made a westerly passage from hence to New York , in what we often find in the logs of the present steamers , " heavy gales and liigh cross sea . "

      Her hull is very beautiful , the forepart being remarkably sharp , more so than in any vessel we remember to have seen , and the afterpart of the ship is as finely cut away . Her paddle-wheels are placed very far aft , and the mainmast is " stepped" between the paddle-boxes . She ha 3 no bowsprit , and for her figurehead she has a full-length figure of Mercury , which is tiie best thing- of the kind we have seen from the American side of the water . The tonnage is 3000 , with 1000 horse-power .

      It is in the interior of the ship , however , the novelties are to be found . The Golden Age is designed to cany some 1200 passengers , and in the provision for them is seen the great feature of the American system , house upon house . In most respects the Golden Age differs from our English , notions of a ship . She has on deck what may be called a deck-house , running its entire length , with a passage round the greater part of it , and above this again another deck-house , as high as the top of the paddle-boxes . The vessel will take three classes of passengers . First , there are the steerage passengers , who sleep below , and mess in the forepart

      of the deck-house , where they have plenty of room , shelter , and light . The second cla 33 may be accommodated in the after saloon , and the first class in the upper saloon . These saloons are nicely fitted uj > , especially the upper one , which is a light and cheerful apartment . In this saloon is carried out one of tho American " notions , " in the shape of two bridal cabins . There is one of these cabins in each side of the ship . One of these cabins ia called " Esparaiice , " and the other " El Dorado . " They are elegantly furnished . The bed hangings are of network , the sofas of Avhite and amber silk , and all the other decorations in keeping .

      The Golden Ar / e has but one engine , whic h consumes but forty tons of coal daily instead of seventy tonsthe daily consumption of the Arctic , Their shape also precludes vibration , and causes the ship to proceed without straining at a stoady and uniform speed .

      Untitled Article

      THE ANONYMOTJS SLANDERERS OF BAKOUNINE . We have received , with a request for its insertion , tho following declaration . Mazzini . Kossuth , Arnold lingo , and other unimpeachable names , liavo already disposed of tho odious charge which anonymous pens havo sought to br ing against the fair fame of the unfortunate Russian patriot , Bakounine . Gorman democratic combatantH , who fought : it Dresden in 1848 , now their united testimony to rebut tho secret slanderers . Wo jire happy to give our publicity to this declaration : the more so that the journal ( a "liberal" journal , wo regret to add ) which admitted tho calumny rejects tho vindication : — TO TUK ANONYMOUS , F . M . Sin , —In your letter , entitled , " Tho . Russian agent , Bakounine , " in tho Morning Advertiser , where you endeavour to show , "by fiictn , " that Balcounino wan a liusHian spy , you rely , strange to say , upon his revolutionary activity , IiSh captivity and prosecution " » Saxony , and depend chiefly on them for tin ) ground ** ot your supposition . I w ; ih intimately connected with Bakouniuo and with the provisionmy government of Saxony , ' Dresden at tho same time as they did , and guided tho retreat ; of tho men who fought upon tho bai-rioadoH thoro , an far iih Freiberg ; 1 wan with them tall tho vory inoinon of tho capture of Bakounino , Houbnor , « & «•» lin < 1 efloapod tho same fate only by accident . I am therefore in a position to know and to speak of circumstances hotter than any ono else . . . 1 havo , then , no hesitation in Haying , that tho facto" related by you arc altogether false . You Htuto . further on , tiu * t Bakoimjno ww m "

      Untitled Article

      1014 THE LEADER . [ Saturday , ' ¦ . ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ' - ¦ ¦ ' . ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦¦¦ ' ¦¦ Hi in . . r . ' t . - - .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1853, page 1014, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2009/page/6/