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    aid , were adopted . The most striking incident of the meeting , however , is the reading- of a long letter from Kossuth , two extracts from which we subjoin . The letter was addressed to Mr . Buchanan , editor of the Sentinel . " Those mismanagers of public opinion speak to you constantly of the honourable endeavours of your Government for maintaining the blessings of European peace . Why , Sir , the time has come for declaring , in the most emphatic manner , that it is bitter sarcasm and hypocrisy to designate the iron rule of violence with the name of ' order , ' and to style the oppression of nations ' peace . ' " If such a condition be the aim , Sir , for which the influential exertions of Great Britain are to be used , then , let Great Britain , at least retain the merit of frankness , if it has resolved upon forfeiting its reputation of liberality .

    " Those mismanagers of public opinion go further . They Consider the presence of your fleet in the Bosphorua but a means for enforcing some possibly trumpery adjustment of the quarrel . Why , Sir , is it not the most ridiculous ignorance to believe , that the Turkish question , or , rather , the European question , involved therein , can . be disposed of by some miserable adjustment , which leaves right , international law , and popular liberties in Europe , oppressed , and the field to Russia open , to become yet the master of the world , and to revive the war at a more favourable opportunity ? If really such be the intention of the presence of your fleet in the 3 ? osphorus , then , I profess , it would be better for Turkey to see the wooden walls of England steering back to Portsmouth . If , Sir , the British men-of-war would sink

    or capture the Russian fleet , bombard Sebastopol , land a Turkish army at Odessa , and secure the line of comimunications for the Turks , that would be an assistance . But the passive presence of your fleet before Constantinople is only an embarrassment to the Turks , a check to their energies , an impediment to their making use of those means of defence which every political consideration points out as the most availing and the most essential . It is , in fact , nothing else than the practical assurance that , in case of success , Turkey should be prevented from reaping such fruits of her victories as would finally settle the great Oriental question , open for more than a century ; and in case of defeat , to make her die , not like a hero by a glorious death , but to pine away in consumption , brought upon her by slow , but certainly fatal diplomatic negotiations .

    " It appears that , though not avowed openly , the shadows of these events arc fluttering before the eyes of your statesmen . Hence it comes that , despairing of a sincere and active union with Austria in the present struggle , they quench their fears with another idea not less absurd than the first was . They endeavour to persuade themselves that , though Austria may not possibly be induced to side with the great Western Powers against Russia , she will , at least , remain neutral . Yet , an impartial neutrality of Austria is , from her very position as regards Russia , equally impossible as her siding openly with Turkey . Yet , Sir , that neutrality does not actually exist any longer .

    " It is scarcely nine months ago , when Omer Pacha , at the head of only 30 , 000 men , was marching against Montenegro , for checking a revolt which had been stirred up by Russia , that Austria immediately despatched an Envoy Extraordinary to Constantinople , for the purpose of peremptoril y informing the Sultan , that she could not allow such a large force (!) to be concentrated so near to the Austrian frontiers ; that , therefore , it must be withdrawn , otherwise Austria should consider it a legitimate cause oi war . " Now , what is it that the same Austria does now ? She had concentrated 00 , 000 men in the imtnodiate neighbourhood of the north-western frontier of Turkey . Has she given any satisfactory guarantees of her neutrality ,

    accompanied with such a threatening attitude P Ho , Sir ;—more vords ! empty words—words of that dynasty which never yet has held Bacred even an oath ! And even these empty words pledged her only conditionally , say , in so far " as her interests will permit her to remain neutral . " Or hayo weat Britain and France guaranteed an impartial neutralit y of Austria ? No , Sir ; they did not , the y cannot , and they daro not do it . Thereforo , what is the result P The result is , that tho Turkish Government was forced , in contemplation of tho hoatilo attitude of Austria , to garrison tho fortresses of Serbia on a war footing , and to keep idlo an armv of observation in Bosnia .

    •» y this necessity 60 , 000 men have been abstracted from the active army of Omor Pacha , and this is positively go n » uch as if Austria had aont 50 ; 000 mon aa a reinforcement to tho head-quarters of Princo Gortschakoff . Nay , it is worse ; ninco tho sending of Buch an auxiliary forco would lmvo relieved tho Turkish Government from wig difficulties of an nbsiml diplomatic conference , and Jirevonted it ; until now from making uso of tho heroic "' "" HgrmsM of tho Hungarian nation to nttord such aid ns mil t * t _> . " ¦ « ( I j would

    «>« n huvo made Auntriii unable either to harm » uwu , ( o j K ,, {) t | in ( i . wi , ( , r < mHj hyhri- fulso noiiirniUy , „! , „ a |) . ! ,. n ( . f ( , ( i m ( . ] i u i \ m . { . u . , < fl ( , a < - ( ivo Turkiuh '"" ¦> nH her open hostilities could n ,, | , nb . sfract . Therefore , ' ' ' . " ' !'| ° . '' "" J »<" , Nir , nro Iho . so diplomatic endeavour * of jjj , " '' iin , buclied even by a panideof your fleet in ( ho btiM "" wll ' <> . 11 niul " ° <>< jior result , mid no other aim , ' " uphold this 1 ' idno position we they of any hhhihI .-Hiie' ! - - ' ' ° T | lrliiHl 1 ^" »|) ireP No , Sir , it in ¦ no ushihIul " I ' * '" AVOl"N" 1 'b . nn indillerenco ; itin Iheond'y of u guest ' <» , l > y liiM V ( .,. y pre . seuci 1 , uliHorlm tho iiideixuulcncn of I he '' "UHeovvner

    : ,. |" '"» it ( ely , ( he i ' ovro of evenIn linn ho fur favoured don ""' ! "'"' vi K ' > " '' ( n < % 1 >(> <> a " '" ' u <> m <> r «> harm ''"iiiurn ' ' !'*' ? B' il > «> P «» Jy - Hint ( he Turk ml j empire a | | ' "lier in J | H present Htrng /» lo huvo a mow valuable luin 1 i ' "'" " t f " ' niijion , nor eon iln fiil . tivo ol > - itiilw ,. (< gumnntee , Mum the restoration of Polish " ««« li » . y and Jliu . gari . m independence .

    " Without this , Turkey will have always to fear tliat Austria might throw down the mask of her false neutrality , at a moment when tlie Turks though victorious , may be worn out by their very victories . It is not for the first time that Austria will have played such foul play . In 1737 , in that Turkish . Russian war which ended with the treaty of Belgrade , Austria took upon herself to act as a mediator between the belligerent parties . But while she was mediating at

    Niemeroff , she—Austria , the mediator — concentrated her armies , upon receiving the intelligence that Marshal Munch had taken Ocsakahoff , and Marshal lascy obtained advantages in Crimea , just as she does now , and attacked Turkey on the whole line from Bosnia up to Wallachia : alleging that the treaty concluded between Austria and Russia in 1726 , and confirmed in 1732 , obliged her not only to aid Russia in any war against Turkey , but , should Turkey be the aggressor , even to declare direct war against the Sultan .

    " You are well aware , Sir , that , from , the time of the wolf and the lamb , whoever is willing to commit violence , never hesitates to pervert truth . You are aware that the Czar , in his manifesto of Nov . 1 st , declares barefacedly that , even now , Turkey is the aggressor in the present struggle . That treaty of 1726 is still ready for use : it may be taken out at will from among the diplomatic rubbish . The spirit of the treaty has been confirmed by the so-called Holy Alliance ; and that alliance has , in its turn , been again confirmed at Sans Souci , in Prussia , after the Imperial conferences at Olmutz ; it has still more forcibly been confirmed by the Russian intervention in the Hungarian war which , from an ally and possibly a rival , converted the Emperor of Austria into an obedient servant of the Czar .

    "No , Sir , no imaginable diplomatic adjustment can settle the Oriental question , unless it raises a barrier between Turkey and her ambitious neighbours . So long as Austria is dependent upon the Czar , she will always be dangerous to the independence of Turkey , in the interest of the Czar . On the contrary , if we imagine her—a strange imagination indeed—independent and strong , she will threaten Turkey on her own account . Austria , if a firstrate power , must speculate upon a partition of the Turkish empire , as well as the Cabinet of St . Petersburg . Russia is pushed to that speculation by the wish of becoming a great maritime power , whilst Austria is urged in the same

    direction by yet mightier reasons than those of inherited ambition . Be it that she loses hold of Italy , which sooner or latter is inevitable ; be it that Prussia gains an ascendancy over her ha Germany , in any possible emergency she looks for compensation to the Turkish empire . Moreover , after all that has occurred in 1849 , Austria can never be sure of her dominion over Hungary , so long as in her immediate neighbourhood there exists a power which , in the case of a conflict—possibly delayed yet unavoidablemust become a ready support to Hungarian nationality in all the future , as it has been in all past times , against Austria . "

    It is probable that Newcastle , the first to move in the spring , will shortly hold a meeting to consider the propriety of petitioning the Queen to render effective aid to Turkey .

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    LETTERS FROM PARIS . Letteb C . Paris , Thursday Evening 1 , Nov . 24 , 1853 . The great anxiety of Bonaparte just now is the parti prStre and the Legitimist faction . A sort of cunpd ' etat is in preparation at the Tuileriea to arrest the encroachments of the one and the other . The exorbitant pretensions and overwhelming insolence of the priests increase in virulence daily : daily they impose new conditions upon Bonaparte , who having found it easy to crush all obstacles hitherto , is determined to try to crush them . It is seriously in contemplation to break with Rome and tho Pope , and to create an

    Aim oner-Gen oral of Franco , who would be a species of Gallican Pope or Primate , charged to confer ecclesiastical dignities . To this high functionary would revert the nomination of the whole clergy , who are now appointed by tho bishops . In this new combination , they would be , in fact , nominated by tho State , and being thus at the discretion of , and in dependence upon , the State , they would merge into docile instruments of its will , whore they are now nothing but instruments of treason . The clorgy has occupied all the

    leading functions in tho state : and affiliated members of tho Society of Jesus and of other fraternities are to ho found whoro Bonaparte fancied ho had placed hia own devoted adherents . Tins revelation has decided him to strike a grand coup . Finding that tho Church employs the widespread influence it has tliun obtained , to carry on a vigorous propaganda in favour of Henry V ., . Bonaparte , wo hear , is noriously meditating n complete change of policy , and instead of persecuting fcho Republicans , ho hcgiiiu to think of laying Iuh hand heavily on the Legifcinii . MtM .

    But it in too late . Tho republican party ha ^ been too severely decimated aiul disorganized by P » onapurto evor to furnish him any support . Ono luuulml ( . lumtmml men , the elite of the nation , have disappeared in pri-BOiiH , in Algeria , to Cayenne , in exilo , or in death . Tho low middle-class Republicans who had mirvived fchoso peiHeoutioiiH , have been roeently removed ; there ronuiiu only tho working-men of Paris , of Lyons , and of a fow other lnuriufaoturing eontros . Now ( , 1 m working mon Jtni HoldieiH , not ohiof ' s . Thorn I » au oxintod a republican j > : wt . y , having ifcn ohiefn , itn <>( fi <; oiH , itn organization , its < : ounternigutf and iiwttt d ' onlrv . ; kuoIi , 1 trust , it may oxint again in the fuUiro : but , now it hi no moro .

    It is , thus that Bonaparte finda himself face to face with the Legitimist and priestly party , destitute of any party of his own : he has let that party secure every strong position , fortify itself , recruit its forces , organize in every direction ; and now that he is hemmed in , surrounded , pressed on all sides , he scarcely . knowshovvhe shall be able to bi ' eak through " . You may , therefore , think , not unreasonabl y be prepared for grave eventualities in Prance . The ruarox of the two branches of the Bourbon House is accomplished . The Due de

    Nemours has called the Comte de Chambord Ms kingthe sole and true King of France ; the Duchess of Orleans has authentically renounced the pretensions she had claimed for her own son . Next spring , perhaps , Henry V . may make his appearance in France ; probably in the south or in the east , perhaps even at Lyons , which is also a city of the priests . Once proclaimed , if onl y two or three regiments change sides and don the white cocarde , Bonaparte will hardly hold his own .

    Now , all this is known and felt afc the Tuileries . They would fain provide against contingencies ; but the remedy bids fair to hasten , and intensify , the disease . No sooner shall the schism between Rome and the Empire be consummated , than the priests will be up in arms , sounding the trump of defiance and alarum , frightening the women , and , through the women winning the men . In one week they will do more harm than Bonaparte in two years .

    One of the latest acts of the parti prStre which ha 3 enraged Bonaparte is the refusal of the Pope to send a Legate to France for the coronation of the second of December . All preparations were made for that day . but this refusal necessitates a further postponement o '{ the ceremony . The 29 th of January , the anniversary of the Emperor ' s marriage , is now spoken of , or the 20 th of March , the anniversary of there-entry of Bonaparte into Paris in 1815 .

    AH these rumours of approaching troubles are not calculated to re-establish confidence . The financial crisis is getting worse every day . The Bank of France , alarmed at the void in its coffers on the one hand , and the numerous demands on" the other , thought of raising the rate of discount ; but an express veto arrived from Bonaparte , and the council broke up without coming to any conclusion . There have been further arrests in the provinces this week , all owing to the imprudence of Delescluze .

    At Dijon , there have been nine more persons thrown into prison , besides eight previously . At Lyons , twelve working men have been condemned , as carbonari , for forming a secret society , to two and three years' imprisonment . On the occasion of their trial , the public accuser delivered a ridiculous harangue , exclaiming , that so long as there remained a single Republican—" one of those lawless and Godless men " —society would be in danger . M . Fevrier , I should add , is a furious Legitimist , and affiliated to the Society of Jesus .

    Bonaparte has been giving magnificent fStes at Fontainebleau : he goes to mass and a-hunting . Perhaps ho might dispense with the former of these amusements . The receptions of the 22 nd and the 26 th were as brilliant as the preceding . At the soiree of the ambassadors of the second and third rank Vely Pasha figured among thorn , together with tho Ministers of Sweden , Sardinia , and Greece : then came a few families of rather ambiguous distinction ; and a batch of familiars filled up tho circle , such as St . Arnaud , General Laurestine , commander-in-chief of tho National Guard of Paris , M , Arriglii dc Padouo , aud Count Morny .

    The most splendid weather favoured tho hunting . I went , for curiosity ' s aakc , to see tho defd 6 of all those Louis XV . costumes in tho forest of Fontainebleau . However silly a masquerade it might bo , still it was a curious si ght enough . Nothing new this week from tho East , except tho fact that it was in pursuance of superior orders that Omer Pasha ovacuated Lesser Wallachia , and recrossed the . Danubo . It acoins that tho Turkish

    Government was alarmed at tho revelation which waa perfidiously whispered into its car by tho Austrian embassy , to tho effect that Russian strategy wart ondeavouring to decoy Omor Pasha into Greater Wallachia , whoro it would infallibly cmnli him . By this fatut . it } confidence , tho Austrian Minister saved tho Russian army from defeat . Tho RuHnian , H would liavo been hy this time driven out of Wallachia ; it will be their turn , next npring , to drive the Turks out of J . > uliraria . ¦ . S .

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    <; O N T 1 N p ] N T A L N <) T K ft . IIH . 1 T 1 I OI . ' THK ( UriOUN ofr I'O UTUO A 1 ,. A tki . Ki ; itA I'll i < : despuU'li reiiehcd London on I ho 2 <) tli in . sl ., bringing the jiew . M of Uie death incliild-l » edof Douim Maria < ln Gloria , Quivn of 1 ' ortugal , on tho 15 th hint . Her crown devolves on her hod , Don I ' edro , Hearccly 10 yearn ol' ii ( fc . Fordinimd of Oolmrg , tho King Consort , lias unsullied ( he Ke ^ eury in ( ho nauvo mid during the minority of her wii ; mid liy tho hint accounts IAhl ) ou vvuh tranquil , mid . ,, gonoral inourniiifj ; prevailed . Maria da Gloria , daughter of tho Into Kniperor of Brazil , Do in Pedro I ., l > y Iiih iiml consort , the AruhduehoHH Leopoldino of Austria , wan born at Rio do Jaiuni'o April 4 ' , Ibll ) . On the death of her griuuUiithi'r , John VI . '

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    November 26 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 1131

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 26, 1853, page 1131, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2014/page/3/