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    she was designated successor to the crown of Portugal , by virtue of the act of renunciation executed by Pedro , one of the provisions of which was that , upon coming of age , she should marry her father's brother , Dom Miguel , whom , it was desired , as a dangerous competitor for the throne , to satisfy by such arrangement . Another condition was , . that she and her future husband should acknowledge the newconstitution . "When Dom Miguel had accepted of this arrangement , had sworn to the constitution , been betrothed to the child Donna Maria , and received the regency , the young queen left Brazil , in 1828 , to sail for Europe . Miguel had , meanwhile ( June 30 , 1828 ) , declared himself absolute King of Portugal , and forbade the Queen to land . She was now compelled to come to England , where she

    was received by the court as lawful Queen of Portugal , but found no actual support , the ministry of the day secretly favouring the usurper . In 1829 , she returned to Rio Janeiro , with . Amelia of Leuchtenberg , her subsequent stepmother , and lived there until 1831 , when her father found himself compelled to resign the crown of Brazil to his son , Pedro II . She then resided in Paris , while her father waged war for her rights in Portugal . After the taking of Lisbon , in September , 1833 , she made her entry into that city . On the 29 th of May , 1834 , Miguel renounced his claims , and retired to Italy , where he recalled his renunciation , and was acknowledged by th& Pope , King of Portugal . Pedro now , administered the government as regent and guardian of his daughter . His power , however ,

    was soon exhausted ; and when , on the 18 th of September , 1834 , he announced to the Cortes that he was no longer able to conduct the government , that assembly declared the Queen of full age , by which means the intrigues of the competitors for the Regency were defeated . Maria now occupied herself with thoughts of marriage . Her choice fell upon Duke Charles-Augustus-Eugene-Napoleon , of Xeuchtenberg , who already had . won her affections . On the 8 th of November she was married by proxy , at Munich , to this prince ; and on January 27 of the following year in person . Dom Augustus , Prince of Portugal , as he was named , was made commander of the army , and was likely to become popular , when he died suddenly , March 28 ,

    1835 . On the 9 th of April , 1836 , she was married a second time to Duke Ferdinand , son of Ferdinand of Saxe-Cobourg-Cohary , who upon the birth of a crown prince was named king . In the course of the next ten years the corruptions of the government which had fallen into the hands of the Cabrals , the suppression of the liberty of the press , and the increase of taxes , irritated a large portion of the nation . In M ^ ay , 1846 , civil war broke out in the Upper Minho , and in a few weeks several districts were in arms against the Cabral ministry . The Cabrals resigned , and retired from the kingdom . The Chamber of Deputies wns dissolved , the Grand Cortes extraordinarily convoked , and a number of concessions were made . The Duke de

    Pnlmella was called to power , and held office with Saldanha for four months , when his cabinet ivas succeeded by a new ministry under Saldanha ' s premiership . Civil war , meanvirile , continued . Das Antas , the commander nominated by the Juntas , and supported by Bandiera , Louli , and Fournos , gained several successes ; and it was feared that the- Queen and King would have to leave Portugal and seek safety in England . In November , however , the popular party were in turn defeated , and lost two whole regiments by desertion . In the ensuing year , the mediation of ( he British government was offered ^ and accepted by the Queen , but declined by the Junta . Das Antas now prepared to evacuate Oporto . The British fleet , under Sir Thomas Maitland , was oil' that city . Steamers

    belonging to the Junta were permitted to enter and embark Das Antas ' s troops . On the . 'list , of May , 18-17 , a corvette and three armed steamers , one barque , one brig , two schooners , transports , containing in all about , 3000 troops , left the port . On crossing the- bar , they were summoned to surrender to tho British ; and us resistance would have been useless , they did so without firing it shot . As noon as ho \ vne on board the British ship , tho Conic das Antas pr « - Nonted to the commander a protest in the name of the Portuguese nation against thin act of hostility , without declaration of war , or any pretext for the same . By these means resistance to tho royal authority wuh suppressed . The Queen , in return for services rendered by Groat

    [ Britain , signed an agreement excluding tho Cubruls i ' rom power ; and this was all the opponents of the court gained by the insurrection . Ah soon , however , as quiet had been restored , the Coiulu tic Thoinar , the elder of tho Cabrals , again became premier in the face of Great Britain , and continued a career of oppression and corruption , until , in 1851 , the Duke do Saldanha carried out , a military revolution and reconstituted the government . Donna Maria yielded with a very bud grace to the necessities of her position . Her husband had boon appointed Commander-inchief nt the commencement . of ( ho outbreak , and actuall y advanced against Saldanha , but "was forced to make a speedy and solitary retreat to Liwhon , his troops having deserted him on bis march .

    The government , has since been conducted under the presidency of Saldunha . II , cannot , be said that the reign of the late Queen wuh popular ; it , was biirely constitutional : but the fault , wot ) not . no much ( lie Queen ' s uh the nation ' s . The domestic life of the court nt . least has been free from the disorders and disgraces of Madrid . iler melancholy fate , which hud been apprehended on more Hum one former occasion , in consequence of her increasing corpulence , seals the political errors of her < lis |" rnctcd and ditmppointed life with forgiveness ; and we are not , surpriNed to hear that , at , Lisbon all other l ' celingn are for the moment merged in pity and regret .

    Tho Queen wiw to be buried 011 the 10 th . The son tihc gave birth to is dead . The-Prince imd Princess de . loinvilhi ( Mister of the late Queen ) arrived tit , Lisbon from Cadiz 24 hours after the Queen's death . The King Connor I , luui inmied the following proclamation :- " Portuguese , — -Go < 1 has been pleased to call to bin Glory to-day , at half-past eleven oClock in tho forenoon , tho Queen . Lady Dojuiu Maria tho Second , my much-loved

    and hig hly-prized spouse , —a severe loss , which plunges me ana my dear children in the deepest grief , and fills the sensitive and faithful Portuguese nation with mourning . "In these sorrowful circumstances , oblig ed to fulfil those sacred duties imposed upon me by the law of the 7 th of April , 1846 , confirmed by the additional act to the constitutional charter of the monarchy , I take upon myself the exercise of the regency of these kingdoms , and , in conformity to the said constitutional charter , I swearto maintain the Roman-catholic apostolic relig ion , the integrity of the kingdom , and to observe and cause to be observed the political constitution of the Portuguese nation and other laws of the kingdom , and provide for the

    general good of the nation to the utmost of my power . "I also swear to preserve fidelity to the King , Lord Dom Pedro VIII ., my above all much loved and highly prized son , and to resign the government to him immediately on his attaining his majority . " According to the old law , Dom Miguel would be the rightful regent , but the law of 1846 and " the constitutional charter exclude his claims . It is not improbable , however , that a Miguelist struggle , aided by the discarded factions , may take place , as legitimist pretensions are getting into fashion again , and Portugal has not derived much benefit from her so-called constitutional rulers . It will be the policy of the regency to abbreviate its own existence as much as possible , and with the consent of the Chambers , to anticipate the period of the King ' s majority .

    THE FUSION" OF THE BOURBONS . It was at three in the afternoon of the 17 th , that the Duke of Nemours arrived on a visit to Erohsdorf . He was received very cordially by the Comte de Chambord ; and there can be no doubt that a reconciliation of the two branches has been effected on the following terms . Should the Dukeof Bordeaux die without heirs , the Comte de Paris will be declared his legitimate successor to the throne of France ; the Duchess of Orleans resigning any pretensions of her son , founded on the revolution of July . Accounts differ as to the interview between the Duke of

    Nemours and the Duke of Bordeaux : one rumour stating that the conversation was purely on domestic matters , eschewing politics ; another , that the Duke of Nemours emphatically recognised Henry V . as the only rightful king of France . The Legitimists say that the Orleanists have made an unconditional submission ; while the Orleanists pretend that the Comte de Chambord . is to abdicate in favour of the Comte de Paris . On the part of the present French Government , the mot cFordre is to treat the matter with indifference . It is not likely the journals -will be permitted to discuss it .

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    The Spanish Cortes were opened on the 19 th by commission . The Senate adjourned till Monday , but the Congress proceeded to the election of its president and other officers . 190 deputies voted at the election of president . The government , by adopting Senor Martinez de la llosa , and the vice-presidents , &c , of last year , evinced a desire to avoid a party contest on this occasion . The Progressistas present voted for Senor Santa Cruz . Senor Martinez de la Rosa was elected present by a majority of 100 . A letter from Naples , of the 19 th , mentions the return to that city from Romo of M . de Maupas . The unpleasant

    incident which occurred has not produced any other result than the temporary absence of the French Ambassador . It has long been the custom for the Naples Mint to receive foreign money and uncoined metal , for which bank bills were given without any limit . But now tho Minister of Finance has prohibited the Mint from issuing these promissory notes on the bank , because they cannot , they say , coininoney sufficiently quick tomeet , tho present , demand . The result of this is , merchant * havo so much difficulty in cashing bills at tho bank , that the exchanges have fallen ton per cent . Trade therefore suffers immensely , as merchants cannot , afford tho loss originating from depreciated foreign

    money . The motive for sending for Count "Wulewski toFontainobleau , is believed to have boon the Emperor ' s wish to entrust to his ambassador certain documents of a private nature on the Eastern question , which may render it necessary to call for explanations from Austria . It wan reported yesterday that , ( he French government ¦ still contemplates a loan , as it ; will bo very diflicult to meet the enormous expenses incurred till noxfc ' spring . Tho Council of State haa voted eight , millions of francs to pay tho legacies left by the Emperor Napoleon , by tho will which ho made at , St . Helena .

    TUB HJSAT or \ VAK . The latest news from tho seat of war itt comparatively scanty and unimportant . According to the latest , telegraphic despatches , it appears that the Turks have quitted the island near Oltenitza , mid retired to Turtukai . Their camp then ; , from the Kith to the 21 st , has been almost , deserted . CJeneral Dannejiberg , in conseqenco , left , BudcHchti on the 2 ihid with the chief-part ' , of his force , leaving 1200 men and eight cannon behind . Unimportant slfirimHheH excepted , there * iH now a cessation of hostilities along the whole of the Mohlo-Wallacliian lino . Walhu'hian artillery has been sent to Brailow , only one battery having been there previously . Other Wnlluchian troops , home and foot , await , marching orders . Tho native militia ave co-opernting with the Ruhhuuim—but , ( heir cooperation w behoved to be forced .

    A telofrnmhie message from Constantinople of tho 14 th , states that , the Hungarian General Klapfca had been refused a command by tho Porte . The Spanish Government , objects to ( Jenoral Prim tailing an active part , in t he military operations . The nown of Omcr Pasha ' s victories , anil of tho approaching arrival of a military mnbasHndor from France , produced great excitement , in iho Turkish capital . The combined Hoots l md nil unehorod in the Hosphorus . The last vernels were towed in on the Mh . A new division of tho Tarltish Heel ; was to nail on the Iitli for ( 110 Black Sea , to intoivopi ; the Russian ships proceeding to ( he coast , of Asia . 11 , wan reported that a Russian man-of-war had boon captured by tho Turku .

    The Grand Duke Michael has been appointed to command the Russian army of reserve , for service in the Caucasus . Western diplomacy still persevered in notes of pacifica . tion ; the last , however , was withdrawn by the British Ambassador , as the Porte was indisposed to accept the draft * . '¦ ¦ ' . The Press , of Vienna , under date of Constantinople ( 7 th ) , states that some engineers have been sent to Adrianople to make preparations for the reception , of the Sultan , with an army of 60 , 000 men , which will be concentrated in that city under the orders of Ruschti Pacha , General of the Imperial Guard .

    A certain Ali-Nek Scherif Zade , who is described as a rich and strikingly handsome young man , has been appointed the leader of the Contingent from Aleppo . The Pacha girded a splendid sabre round the waist of the new chief , and the Grand Sheik blessed his flag . From St . Petersburg we learn that at the church of Tsarskoe Selo , a splendid religious service was performed in the presence of the wliole Imperial famil y , for the purpose of asking God ' s blessing on the Russian arms , andthe victory in the Turkish war . The Court has gone to Gatschina , and will return from thence to St . Petersburg on the 6 th December .

    The Patrie of Thursday evening states , on the authority of a letter from Vienna , of the 21 st , that the Russian army in the Principalities has received orders to assume the offensive , and that it is to cross the Danube and march towards Adrianople . If this be true , the British and French fleets will , without doubt , enter the Black Sea , and French troops will be sent to assist the Sultan . The Constitutionnel of Thursday contradicts the report of the entrance of any portion of the combined fleets into the Black Sea . The Servian Government resists the passage of Turkish troops across the frontier , while it refuses its exequatur to the Russian Consul at Belgrade . Austria is increasing her military cordon on the Transylvanian frontier . The men on furlough belonging to the regiments under inarching orders , have been recalled , and the state of siege in the Hungarian provinces is even more rigorous than it was in 1850 .

    The situation of Austria in the present European question is thus plainly stated in the Berlin Wochenblatt ;—" We have often pointed out , " says that journal , " the serious embarrassments with , which Austrian policy is sure rounded . By the slightest movement Austria runs the double risk of being obliged either to go to war with Russiaand to see Hungary rise at the same time , or to be attacked by France , with a rising in Italy . She has consequently been compelled to abstain from any movement whatever . Having anxiously cried 'Peace at all price , ' ahe is now reduced to endeavours to limit the conflagration which she can no longer quench , and at which she must look on without stirring . Austria is not neutral , but neutralized . This position , however , was not the sole motive of

    the mission of Baron Prokesch . It is not a secret for any one that the finances of Austria are in a desperate state . A new loan was imperiously necessary ; and the Cabinet of Vienna applied to the great banking-house which , in its quality of one of the most considerable creditors of Austria , finds itself always in the alternative either to suffer at once a severe loss or to postpone it by g iving additional aia . This experienced physician felt the pulse of his patient , and avowed that ho was very hard up indeed ; he nevertheless offered to come onco more to his relief , provided ho would follow implicitly the prescriptions ho should order . These prescriptions concerned the reduction of the army , and a declaration of neutrality on tho part of the German Diet . Tho first of these measures has been curried out :

    the second has not , because Prusnia has reluaed to consent to if The long expected decreo , reducing the duties on coal and iron , appeared in the Moniteur of the 22 nd inst . The following explanation of the modifications it introduces into the French tariff we take from the Times : —Coal formerly paid a duty of 4 s . 7 d . a ton , when imported by soa from Dunkirk to Sables d'Olonne , in tho department of Vendee . This is now reduced to 2 a . 9 d . Tho former dutioy of' 2 s . $ kl . a ton when imported between Sables d ' Olonno and Bayonuo , and Is . 4 Jd . whon imported by tho Mediterranean ports , have been consolidated at tho fowor charge .

    The duties , on importation ]> y land , varying from Is . 4 Ju « to Is . OJd . per ton , have been retained . Coko formerly paid twice 1 , 110 duty on coal ; now it only pftj « one-half more than the reduced duty . Thcso axe the- duties by . French shir >» , By foreign ships thoy aro ) iighor ; but , oa JCiifrlish ships employed in tho trodo between Franco and JOugland have been since 182 ( 5 assimilated to national shipH , tho distinction is of no practical importance-to this country . Thid being the case generally , it , will onl y bo necessary , as regards iron , to place the former . duties in comparison with those now to be paid on importation by French vessels , . Knglish vohnoIh being in the same category .

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    Former Duties , Duties , per ton , -A ftcr per ton . , 4 . 111 Jim . J , 1853 . Jan . 1 , 1 H ( 56 . £ s . ( I . £ s . d . £ « . < 1-I'i tf iron 2 1 ( 1 H 2 4 0 1 15 4 Iron in burn , ac- f lVom ( , r 5 / 510 c 4 , 8 0 mc . 'S . H ..... i * ° B 41 ( > Uo 7 0 10 llo « 9 * Hails , the wiine as ii'onlmrs . necordill ^ lll ( lillH ! IIHlollH Iron plates 17 12 0 11 0 0 8 JO 0 HI eel , in Imrs ; --Wrought , ... fia HI I ) } ly l " {

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    On the ftl . li of November Sadyk Pacha ( the Polish Michel CzajkowHki ) , who became a Mussulman to < ' »( 'lllM ' the persecution of Russia , linn l > oon invested by tli « •«¦ orto with the command' of all the Cossacks on the lurlunu territory , and with the ranlr of Pacha . . . A Trimsylvimiaii newspaper—the ilarmcmstadt Journal

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    1132 THE LEADER . [ Satukday ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 26, 1853, page 1132, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2014/page/4/