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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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destroyed all the conciliatory effects of it , and thereby prevented his from insisting tat . Constantinople on its pare nnd simple adoption . ' Gaits side the Porte bad proposed modificataonw-on the rproject of note which the Four PoweTS represented ^ "V iennadid aot find unacceptable . They had not the ? approbation of yottr Majesty . Then the Porte , -wounded imits ^ digoity , threatened in its independence , involved by the efforts' already made to oppose an army to that of your Majesty , preferred : declaring war to remaining in that-state of . uncertainty and abasement . It had claimed oar snpporfc ; its ; : £ aiue appeared to as to be just ; the English and French squadrons received the order to anchor in the Bospborua .
- -j , * f Qtir attitude vath respect to Turkey was protective , but pasawe . ^ We did not encourage her to make war . We inceBsantly : ? directed councils of peace and moderation to be -carrfedJto the ears of the Sultan , peisuaded that it -was the means of arriving at an understanding ; and the Four Powers ciune to »< new understanding to snbmit other propositions ttd yoal- ^ MajeStytirsiSEttrir :-Majesty , on yoar side , allowing the calmnes * wnic&arices-from consciousness of strength , limited yottrsil ^ tol rtpelllBg ; on the left baak of the Danube , as well ?* s ; m- atoaj ^ fctoe attacks of the Turks , . and with modeiiitioii worthjr : tjf the chief of a great empire , you' - ^ declared that you would remain on the defensive . tJntifetbattilne . tlien . we were , 1 must say , interested ampB
sjpe ^ tatbx ^^ but spectators « f the straggle , when tne ai&uv at Sinoipo occurred , and forced us to take a more den % ^ poritbm ^ xaiice and EiiglaTid had not considered it necessary "tot send tr «> ps'Id "be disembarked to the aid of ' Ttirkey . Theif : 4 a ^ was , Ktherefore , not engaged in the conflicte which tw& ^ j ^ e ¦ son i land . But on the sea it was ' ' t ^^ Sc&Aatii ? i > . ! S ^^^ &JtXiith 6 ^< entry of the Bosphorus ¦ rotB »?^) M ^«^^ ra ^^^ p ^ a | o > presence . said very plainly to Tarie ^^ h ^ t ^ l ^^ roi ^ t mantime Powew would not permit the ^^ 5 he >« 1 ^ 1 aHpaF-8 e a- ^ The = affair of Sinope was to us equally ofiensiwjai ^ dunexpected , for it signifies little whether the Turks chtfct ^ isheA ^ r not to pass munitions of war iato the . BussiqiidjtejtntOry . ' ; In fact , the Russian ships came andattW ^^ ihe : Turkisli abips in the waters of Tur ^^^ and , when tranquilly moored in a Turkish port , thre ^ flesfiroveo ? them notwithstanding the assurance eriven of adjcpni .
naV ^ ialaog an ag gres ive war , « ud notwithstanding the j ^ gl ^ b ^ ylto ^ jp ^ J ^^ u . It was no longer our ^ policy Jn ^ lif ^ e ^ i ^ edwaCouepK id that affair ; it was oar military hpaour ^ Tjriie ; Canttc » a shots of Sinope have echoed mournfully - ] n /| jbj ^ nefra ^; a ] Lp ^ e ^ : wh pjin England and m France have . ajfcrJ ^ JeiisftlwTla % xi ktibnal " digaity . With one common acfecw theicqrf was nausea ,, * * Wherever-our cannon can reach , m $ ®§ mtl 0 * - &Jm ^ m , &imMp yrder&vtn to our-squadrons to eater the Black Sea , and to prevent by force ) , -if ^ eces ^ ary , the recurrence of a similar event . Hence me collective notification sent to the Cabinet of St .
Petersburg , to announce to it that , if we should prevent the Turks from jnaking an aggressive war on the coast belonging to Buraia , wfe phould f rofejet the , re-victualling of their troops on thjeir own territory . Aa regards the Eussian fleet , in interdict-W ^^ j it thenavigaitionof theJBlack Sea , we placed it in diffJBreritr conditions ,, because it was important during the exLstence ( of the war -that we shoal < l preserve a pledge which sl ^ qnl ^ be an equivalent for the parta occupied of the Turkish teVritpry , And ^ hich should facilitate the conclusion of pea ^ : by _ beconaipg the title of a desirable exchange . " Thai , Sire , is the real train and the series oi the facts . It : $ S ; clear that , arrived _ at , that point , they mast produce promptly either a definitive understanding or a decided
rupture . ; - >* t Your Majesty has given so many proofs of yoar solicitude for the repose of Europe , you have so powerfully contributed to it by yoar beneficent influence against the spirit of disorder , that I cannot doubt your resolution in the afternative which presents itself to yoar choice . If your Majesty desires , as much as I do , a pacific conclusion , what can be more ,, sirnple than to declare that an armistice shall be signed to-day , that things shall resume their di p lomatic coarse , and that all the belligerent forces shall retire from the places where motives of war have called them ? Thas the Russian troops would abandon the Principalities ^ ind . our squadrons the Black Sea . Your Majesty , preferring-to treat directly with Turkey , would name an ambassador , who would negotiate with a Plenipotentiary of the Sultan a . Convention which would be submitted to the Conference of tie Four Powers . Should your Majesty adopt
this plan , on which the Queen of England and myself are perfectly agreed , tranquillity will be re-established , and the world satisfied . There is nothing , in fact , in this plan which ia not worthy of your Majesty , nothing that can wound your honour . But . if , " by a motive difficult to understand , your Majesty should oppose a refusal , then France , like England , would be obliged to leave to tho . fate of arms and to the hazards of war that wtyich might be decided to-day by reason and by justice . ' Let yoUr Majesty not think tliat the slightest animosity can enter my heart ; it feels no other sentiments but those expressed by your Majesty yourself in your letter of the 17 th of January , 1853 , when you wrote to me , 'Onr relations ought to be sincerely amicul , nnd to reposte on the same intentions' —the maintenance of or
" I pray your Majesty to behove in the sincerity of my sentiments , and it is in these sentiments that I am , Sire , of your Majesty the good friend , " Napoleon . " This extraordinary document was regarded in Paris rather as a manifesto to the French nation than as an appeal to the Caa . r , and the general impression was decidedly warlike , as was clearly manifested by a fall of 1 ^ per cent , in tho funds . La Palrie . usually considered as a semi-official journul , hinted in rather ambiguous terms that an unfavourable answer had already been received from the Russian Etnpcror when the letter was published , lor this announcement the Ptitrie received a warning nnd ttie Moniteur of Wednesday declared that the French Government had not received uny answer to the letter , and that it vim not expected for a few jays . Yet tho Pays , a Government journal conanicuoubly
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There bus been almost a , suspension of news from tho seat of war in Asia and on tlie Danube this week . Geqeral ( juyon hasroaumed the offensive iti Ahia with Jl ) , 000 foot , GOOD horae , arid 140 guns . Tliero have b'en count ant skirmishes near Kalufub and along the lino of the Danube , but nothing decisive . The Kussiaiis are concentrating their operations in Lo-wer Wullachia . The disgrace of General ( JurtuchakolV ia not confirmed , but General Aurep baa been superseded , ami sent to tho rear ol the army in Asia . On the 2 Uth of January l ' rince Gortsclmkofi directed in person a grand reconnaissance before Kiihifat . Tho Turkish outposts retired into tlieir entrenchments . At W kid in and Kultifiit a decisive attack waa expected daily . Tho affair of tho 2 l ) th , ul . Kalatut , it * described by tho military corrcapondent of tho Mom dug L'lironUla as follows : — " On the 2 Uth , 300 Cossacks nmde n ilush up towards Kulafat , drove the pickets in , who imagined that llicre was a
large force behind them . They got up to within 150 O yards of the works , when tlireo round shot were sent after them from as many Turkish batteries ; the Cossacks , who have an extreme aversion to that species of missile , galloped back again . Their escapade had the effect of turning out the whole Turkish force , who remained under arms for some hours . " ^ . The Turkish Governor is described as perftcjblyTeady to give the Eussians a warm reception . It > pp " ears that the Russian troops in Lesser Wallachia are ^ Srbidden by an order of the day to go beyond a mile frOuTtlieir camp , or to have any dealings with the treacherous natives . This seems to prove the disaffection of the provinces . . Letters from Constantinople , of the 2 nd instant , state that the Seraskier , Mehernet Pacha , lias been dismissed , and that he is succeeded by Riza Pacha ; the appointment is thought a good one . It was Biza Pacha who organised the army of the Danube .
H . M . 3 . Fury , sent to Sebastopol with a second message , was unable to approach the' port , ivlrich was completely blocked with ice . Captain Tatham , in his zeal to accomplish his mission , tried to force bis way in one of the ship ' s boats through the ice , but was compelled to abandon the attempt . The Russian Government notifies that its fleet in the Black Sea is laid up during the winter months as usual . A corps of Engineers is employed in marking out a camp near the Sea of Marmora , for 40 , 000 men . This place is six miles from Constantinople . The Sultan proceeds to Adrianople in March . The Tttrkibh convoy entered the Black Sea on the 1 st . The report that . a Russian squadron had taken advantage- of the return , of the fleets to the Bosphorus , to bombard Fort St . Nicholas on the Asian coast , and had been repulsed with severe loss , is not confirmed . It seems to be a confusion , of the affair of the 6 th of Jaimarv , with a more recent kind attack on the fortress .
Schamyl had received from Turkey a large store of arms and money . He had also been joined by some officers to drill hLs men . He was pushing forward his armaments with great energy , and almost all Abasia had pronounced in his favour . The accounts from Wallachia are most deplorable . The Russian " protectors , " it seems , treat the protected somewhat ia the same fashion as the Spanish conquerors treated the Indians when they refused to work or find gold for their haughty masters . It has'been already stated that the Wallachians have been obliged to do the . work in which beasts of burden are usually employed , and that crowds of the peasants and farmers have fled their homes rather tha-n submit to the cruel corvee imposed by their taskmasters . The Russian general had ordered that women and young girls should do the work imposed on them by the troops . This was
resisted by a numerous body of peasants ; but having no arms , they were nearly all massacred . . Such are the orthodox defenders of order , and the saviours of religion and society . At the fame time , the great protector of Europe against the revolution is stirring up insurrections ? in Albania and < 5 reeee . The Russian commissioner-general in Moldavia has erdered the confiscation of all the personal property of Gregory Stourza , son of the ex-hospodar , because he has offered his sword to the Sultan , his sovereign . This order has produced the worst possible effect on the public mind . The stories of Omer Pacha ' s illness prove to have been German fabrications . He is in perfect health . Disgraceful riots have occurred at the Royal Opera in Turin , almost equalling the famous O . P . riots in Kemble ' s time . The teterrima caitsa of the disturbances was the
partisanship of a clicrue for Madlle . Alaymo ( known to her Alnjefctj ' s Theatre } , in opposition to Madame Stoltz . The lat ter hidy having been grossly insulted , refused to sing again . This created fresh disappointments , and at-length , scenes of actual violence occurred in the theatre , which led to arrests by the police . This is not , it is true , in itself , a matter ' of much consequence ; but in the present temper of men ' s minds any disturbance is converted into a weapon of political attack ; and while the Radical prints are complaining of the tyranny of the Government , the clerical papers state with pride that such exhibitions could only take place tinder constitutional government .
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reproduced the paragraph of the Paine , while the ConstUiitionnel , under the same management , said not a word about it . This looks liio discord in the camp . The iiict appears to T ) e that a telegraphic message ( via Vienna ) had been received from General Castelbajjie announcing the unfavourable reception of the letter , by the-Emperor . Nicholas . The Frctich Government , in imitation of our own , has pufclis ' . ied in tho ¦ M ' onwsur a . complete election of the French diplomatic documents on the Eastern question . This pualication under an arbitrary- Government is certainly a homage to the force of ptiblia opinion . So-far as . the French papers pe-rmit us to judge , they do credit on the whole to M . Droayn de PHuys in the conduct of tlie negotiations . Surpassing , as all French state papers da the productions of
Downinestreet in terseness and occasional elegance of style , they certainly evidence a moderate , ¦ & rin , and conciliatory policypursued by France ever since the disavowal of M . de Lavalette , who maybe said to have -afforded llussia the first pretext for interference with Turkey . In the earlier documents we recognise a spirit of . marked consideration for Turkey , and throughout an emphatic desire of frank co-operaiion with England , a desire to which our Government does not appear to have responded very heartily at first . The series of documents commences with Januarys 25 , 1853 , and terminates with February 1 , 1854 . There are many chasms in the correspondence , as may be judged from the following enumeration . The published papers are : eight letters of M . Diouyn de 1 'H . uys to General
Gastelbajac , thirteen , to Count Walewski , and one to M . Baudin ( acting as charge * d ' affwirea in London during a tem-Sogary absence of the ambassador ) , three letters to M . e Laconr , some time French Ambassador at Constantinople " ; three to M . de Bourqueney at Vienna ; two to M . de Mousticr at Berlin ; two protocols and an annexe of a protocol of the Vienna Conference ; one circular ol M . Drouyn de l'Huys to tlie French diplomatic agents near the German confederation ; two letters of M . do Kisseleff to M . Droayn de : PHuys ; one letter from M . Drouyn de PHuys to M . de Kis ^ eleff : and one letter from M . de Nesselrode to M . de
Kisseleff . , We remark two important omissions . in this publication . . Very little of the correspondence with the anihassadors at Constantinople is given about French relations \ rith Turkey , and , the documents chiefly relate to negotiations with England and the Oierman Powers . Not a wrord £ s published of the replies of the ambassadors to the Minister of Foreign Affairs . In this respect our blue-book leaves less to malevolent suspicions . ¦ ' n ^ h'impoftittit ^ decree in the Moniteur completely- rebrganises the artillery ; This branch of the military service , oar readers may be-aware , has long been the special study of Louis Napoleon .
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X 5 $ THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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/ The libretto of M . HaleVy ' s new Opera conaigue , VEtoile duXord , founded on au episode in the reign of Peter the Great , was under the consideration of the censorship , on account of its unavoidable allusions ; but , under existing circumstances , it has been allowed to pass with few corrections . ' Paris is already making war upon Ru sia , and avenging the invasion of the Cossacks , by dramas- and spectacles in ¦ which the Russians are defeated with disgrace , and fcy an incessant fire of epigrams in the Charivari . At the Imperial Circus , Lea Cosaques are routed night after night before enthusiastic audiences . At the Variety ' s an apropos , called Mesdames les Cosaques , is announced .
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M . Leverrier , senator , bas been appointed director of the Observatoire , in the place of Francois Arago , deceased , W . Lefucl , architect . of tbo Palace of Fontaineblean , is appointed the imperial architect , to superintend the completion of the Louvre , for which the lamented Visconti has left complete drawings , estimates , and specifications .
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Louis Napoleon has given the grand cordon of the Legion of Honour to the Due do Brabant , and appointed lesser decorations in the same order to M . c ! e Brouckere , the Belgian Minister for Foreign Affaire , and to his brother , the Burgomaster of Brussels . By way of return , tho King of tho Belgians has giveu the order of Leopold to Prince Napoleon Jerome : and in hoth cases the cause assigned is th « desire to testify the friendly sentiments entertained . These compliments are exthangod between the grandson of Louis Philippe and tho presumptive heir and cousin of tho author of tlie decrees confiscating the possessions of the House of Orleans I M . do Kusseleff in leaving Paris was accompanied by the wliolo personnel of tlie Legation . There now remains only the Russian Consul-General m Paris-.
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The Eussian emigration from Paris is settling in Brussels . M . de Kisseleff has been Attending the receptions of the Prussian nnd Austrian ambassadors in that city . The Princess Lieven , the Egeria of M . Guizot , and relict of a former Russian ambassador to London , lias arrived in Brussels . At'her 3 aSt reception ia Paris , M . de Rothsphild assured her that her friends would make pleasure * trips to visit her in the Belgian capital .
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The Scandinavian Powers are arming actively and increasing their na-vy . The Swedish national spirit is thorouglily aroused , especially since the'envoy from Russia arrived at Stockholm to lay a protest before the King against the armed neutrality . Tho funds have been willingly voted by all four estates of tho united Swedish and Norwegian Diet , and several ships of tho line , as well as frigates aud corvettes , are being fitted out .
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Tie Madrid Gazette , of the 10 th , contains a decree ordering that tho bill presented to the Cortes on Stock Exchange operations shall be carried . into effect . Amongst othei things , it authorises time-bargains , which have heretofore been prohibited . King Pedro V ., of Portugal , is expected to viait Berlin Brussels , Paris , and London . A marriage with a , l ' rincc&i of Belgium is talked of . ^ Cardinal Wiseinan is expected to prolong his atay in Rome . Serious bread-riots have again tnken place at L ' erugia and Ravenna .
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All the officers of the army of Algeria , who _ wore i . i France en congti , have left it to return to their regiments , a peremptory order to that effect from tho Minister of W . tr . Up to this time no order has , it appears , been given for the embarkation of troops in the French ports .
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Two Greeks , who wero accused of betraying til © plans oi llio Turkish General to Prince Uortschakoli " , liail been sent by Omar i ' a . sha before a court-martial , tit which the Greek Hisiliop of Shunilu and another prelate wero prosunt . 1 ' two jiriaonorn woro proved to be guilty , and > vwo tcntunced to death .
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 18, 1854, page 152, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2026/page/8/
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