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bem g £ R . A . Indeed , photography is now applied to those delicate scientific drawings in which minute accuracy is all important : — " M : Milne-Edwards remarked that the zoologist has often occasion to represent a multitude « f details which escape the naked eye , and yet which it is necessary that he should show . To show ^ them tUe draughtsman is obliged to magnify them , as if they were seen through i magnifying glass , and the objects thus represented rarely have iheir natural aspect ; consequentl y ^ the zooloi ^ t alway s tak es care to use two sorts of mages ; figures d'ensemVte ^ toot magnified , and figures of certain characteristic parts , more or less magnified . Inr tfte plates presented to ttie Academy by MM . Rousseau and Deveria , such aa those reprtsenring the Euryale , the Agaricie , &c ., the details of Btracture can be perceived by the naked e-ye no more than in nature : bat if the observer uses a magnifying class , they
appear to the observer ' s eye as they are in natpre . The advantages of photography over engravingart'considerable , when the naturalist wishes to represent a body of a very completysfnibture ; but-ift another regard it has much more important advantages . When the sool 6 gbst drawsj hfc represents only what he sees in his model ; he brings out . as it were , only ^ hat'goes'to contttm the ideas he has formed upon the structure of the body : while pbjotogr ' aphy , bringing « ttt everything , allows every ona . disposed to dispute the system of thefairttoorj liberty to do so , and places in their hands all the elements of the controversy . AnptWeriMturalist may even make discoveries upon these faithful images of nature , as he cttuld have done upon rittture itself . " ' iTheii r again , what is impossible to Electricity ? ^ We are making it weave in our looms ; we are about to make it serve as aide-de-camp : —•
" APPIiTCATIOHr OFTHB TBtBOBAPH : AND BLECTBICITX TO 1 OUTABT PURPOSES . *• -At i recent grand review at Olmutz , Austria , at which the Emperors of Russia and Austria Were present * * sham fight on a grand scale , the siege of the citadel , including the application of electricity on thenmost ' recently approved principles of ignition and combustion , con > stitated ' the mosfciirojtortantrof the manoeuvres which were practised . A . Vienna paper de « ri ^ 4 b w wmnib ^ each containing asmor plete electric mpparatns ^ with a contrivance for- laying an insulated wire along the ground by thcrniere locomot ' wh of the vehicle , the ? wire being so protected as to remain uninjured by the ?|) reBsure ; of the heaviest artillery passing over it . - Bj this means orders are to be ins ^ tantaneoii 6 ly cenveyed from the Emperor ^ station , and that of the chief commander , to ttoopsat almost aiijr distance on the field of the noano 3 avres . " . Are yon . jfond of barbaric pomp , and curious in jewels ? Beware , lest yon are spending ^ fortune 04 clever imitatioas .. Read
this;—H % " , ! ,--:. d « rtv' ;> - * - " ' :- HOW THBY BCAKE JBTWrBLS IN PABJB . . . ,. , 'VOne of the taost ciiripus sights in Paris , or ; indeed , in the whole world , is afforded by a visit ; to itk © . vastL ;» telier of M ; Bourgaignon , situated at the Barriere do . Trone , where the wholejpwcess of t » i ^ orming a few grains of dirty , heavy-looking sand into a diamond / of of the purest water , is daily going on , with the avowed purpose , of deceiving everybody but thebujer .. The sand employed , and upon which , everything depends , is found in the forests bjr Tontaioeblean , and enjoys so great a reputation in the trade , that large quantities are expott ^ diThe ^ tcoIottring matter for imitating einerala , rubies , and sapphires , is entirely miaergl , r » nd . has been ; brought to JbigUJ perfection by . M * Bourgaignon . He maintains in constant " emplbyjnent abjout a hundred workmen , besides a uuinher of women and young girls ; whpse ^ ousiness it is % o polish the coloured stones , and line the false pearls with fish-» cales *| nd % ^; The scales of ttie roach and dace are chiefl y employed for this purpose , and form a considerable source of profit to the fishermen of the Seme , in the environs of Corbeilwho bringHtbem ' to Paris in large quantities during the season . They must be ~ - »— . ¦ - ¦•
, — — . f — ^ £ * " ^^ J — ^ L — ^^ ^— ' — — —^ —— ^ " —— - — — ^ m —^— ^ —— — stripp d ^ from the fish while living , or the glistening hue which we admire so mnch in the reM ^ S « rl «^ pi ; 'be inaitated . The Fans pearls have been of late years perfected to so gi ^ t ii degree ^ that the Roman pearl , which delighted our grandmothers by its supposed skilful imitation of nature , has been entirely beaten out of the field . It is , however , to the " cultivation" of the diamond that M . Bourguignon has devoted the whole of his ingenuity ; andw € re . li 8 t 6 detail the mysteries t / t his craft , some of the most singular histories of " family ^ mofids ? and **¦ heir-loom * " would ¦ ba ' brought to light , The single fact of the Buddeii&Qihgeffin the pattern orders , that is , execution of orders according to pattern , on tie decrease of the Jureur of lansquenet , gives rise to many a sad conjecture , and M . Bourgnignon could tell n » the tale , no doubt , ofVthp ^ gradual conversion af ^ the contents of inany afair ^ $ * ?? ' ^ F ^ & f ^ hoCSn her marriage from Fossard's splendid show-room , have b ^ n jrcplaced j m secret , by Boarguignon , and worn in the very face of him who gave theuii , twithont exciting : ^ he smallest suspicioiL Often , on the other hand , has the artist ' s wuft uuiw iiiw icuuisiuvu ui uvwivd 1410 iiit tier uiauiuuut
'Utuj irusuug wuc , wuu » vuuuuca * td'thtfBafe keeping of her' husband : or his confidential' mam of business . Some curious coincttiences , worthy of dramatic record , have < occurred in that same retired , distingue lookitlgehpp ^ f Bourgujgnon ' s on the Boulevard ., A . tew months ago . one of onr fair compatriots enteye ^ r at , looking rather flushed and excited , and drawing from her muff a number of morocco cases of . many shapes and sizes , opened them ' ' one alter another , ajnd spread them ont'OTi the counter . " I wish to learn the p rice of a . parure to be made in exact imitation of this , " said she , " that is to say , if you can imitate the workmanshirxwith sufficient precision for tho distinction never to be observed . " _ Bourgnignon examined the articles attentively , named his price , and gave the most unequivocal promise that the parure should be an exact counterpart of the one before him . The lady insisted again . She was urgent overmuch , as is the case with the fair sex in general . Was he sure lha imitation would be perfect I Had lie observed the beauty and purity of these stones ? Could he imitate the peculiar
manner in , which they were cut ? &c . " Soyez tranquille , madame , " replied Bourguignon ; ' * the same workmen shall have the job , and you may rely upon having an exact counterpart bPhte former work . " The'lady opened her eyes in . astonishment and trepidation , aad M . Boarguignon , with unconscious serenity , added , by way of reassuring her , " I will attend to the order myself , as I did when I received tho commands of Milor , who ordered this very nortcre , I think , last February ; " and , with the greatest unconcern , he proceeded to search , his ledger , to ascertain which of the workmen executed it , and what the date of its delivery . , Meanwhile the lady had sunk down in a complete fainting fit . Milor , whom Bourguignon had named , was her own treacherous lord and master , who had forestalled her , byj exchanging Bund « U and Bridge ' s , goodly work against Boargnignon ' s deceptive counterfeit : no doubt t / o liquidate his obligations on the turf . " ¦ But the worst of all , " adds the worthy artist , who recounts the scene with infinite' humour , " was the utter fury into ' which Miledi fell , when she recovered from her swoon , reproaching me for having aided her
husband m deceiving her ; for she herself had never discovered the difference between the false and the real , although the diamonds nude by Rundell and Bridge had been in her possession ever since her marriage , and had been worn by her upon every state occasion . ' fJNot only , however , is domestic deception carried on ty means or M . Bourguignon's artistic ekjll , but he has often been called upon bo lend his aid to diplomatic craft likewise . Numberless are the snuff-boxes , "' adorned witli valuable diamonds , which issue from his atelier in secret , as the reward of public service , or skilful negotiation : innumerable tho portraits . " set iu brilliants , " which have been mounted there , to gladden the heurts of chargo-d affaires , attaches , and vice-consuls . Tlic great Meliemet Ali , like all ' great men who , when they commit little actions , alwuys do so on a great scale , may be said to be the first who ever introduced the bright delusions of M . Bourguignon to the unconscious acquaintance of the children of that prophet , ' who suffered no deceivers to live . '
" The wily old Mnssulman , who knew the world too well not to be conscious of tho value of nn appearance of profusion on ccrtnin occasions , had announced that every pacha who came to the seat of Government , to swear allogianco to his power , would return ( o his provincj laden with presents of jewels for his wives . It may readily be imagined thut under such conditions , the duty became a pleasure , and that tliere neaued no second bidding . Meanwhile , Mehemet , with characteristic cuution , had despatchc / 1 an or « lcr to his envoy th yn Bojouruing in L ' am , to send him forthwith as many or therfjjfcl » oiic « l deceptions of th « lyin . K * ranks , in the way of mock diamonds , na lie could coll ^^ Bourguignon undertook to turniah the order , which wan executed in duo course , and dul y appropriated , no doubt , causing many a Mosiialluh 1 of delight to full from tho lips of the Harem bcautiea of Kgfpt , and many an Allali Hu I of loyalty from those of t heir husbands , at sight of bo much generosity . It is thus that civilisation will in time stride round the earth and enable us to deceive one another according to our peculiar means and resources , a result certainly never animated by any of the great civilujera of the . world . "
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OPENING OF THE OPERA . The British Isles occupy vast spaces in the domain of Noodledom ; hat happily there are British Emigrants who "will not live there . JLmong those Emigrants must foe counted the numerous readers of this priceless journal ( price 6 d ., . ' * to be had of all agents" ) , and my projected sarcasm will not , of course , fall on them . In that case , however , perhaps it is idle to utter the said sarcasm . I mil not . Yet it -was savage , scarifying . You would have enjoyed it , as you always enjoy sarcasms at others . It was intended to set in a lurid light the monstrous taste of a public which , having the power ( and pence ) to hear such an opera as Guillaume Tell—one of the greatest of musical works—did not go , but , "in fact , not to put too fine a point upon it , " stayed away .
Yes , etayed away ; for never in my experience was there ao cold and scanty an audience as on the second night of Guillaume Tell ; never did that magnificent opera li go off" so ilatly . I will not pause to inquire why : it might lead to unpleasant conclusions . Let me merely note in passing that Costa , the most over-praised man in London , had a considerable share therein by the way he vulgarised the music with hurrying time and remorseless noise . . Costa always seems to me to forget two things : that the orchestra is not the chief feature in an opera , but should be subordinate to the singers , and that rapidity is not brilliancy . His command over the orchestra is admirable ; no one Tivals him-in that respect ; but the inspirations which regulate that command are detestable . He is a first-rate general , a bad generalissimo .
Mdlle . Marai , who made her de"but in Mathilde , is a blonde : her hair is blonde , her complexion blonde , her voice blonde , her stvle blonde . It was not an impassioned performance , but neither was it a failure this d £ but ; on a future occasion she may fix her place . Of Tamberlik and Ronconi what can be said commensurate with their deserts ? The great singer and the greatest artist have already been lauded by me ia hyperboles ; and you may turn back to old numbers of this journal ( you wont ) to read there my opinion if you are curious on the matter ( you are notj . I am content for to-day with recording the facts of the opera having opened , and of Mdlle . Bosio—more brilliant than ever—having appeared in
ERNANI . This pleasant vocal and much-abused opera was p layed on Tuesday , and by the admirable execution oi the finale to the third act , raised the tepid enthusiasm of the audience into a vociferous encore . The emotion , once roused , was suffused through tho fourth act , and the opera was a success . It is true we had Angelina Bosio for Elvira , so often played by nondescripts , and her brilliant voice made amends for her tame manner . The mildiat
same can be said of Tamberlik , who played Ernani in a very , manner , as if that outlaw had fed largely upon pork , and not thoroughly digested it ; but his singing > vas the perfection of manly tenderness and thrilling energy . Konconi was desperately out of tune , and nowhere particularly good , except in the charming lightness and tenderness of the Vicm rneco sol dl rose , which was sung as only he , or a tenor , could sing it . Ihc new baritone , Susini , ia a poor substitute for Belletti in the part of Dun Silca . The orchestra brilliunt—and stunning .
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BOOKS ON OUR TABLE . Historical Survey of Speculative Philosophy , from Kant to Hegel , designed at an iniroduc to the Opinions of the Recent Schools , oy Heinrich Aforitz Chalybdus . Translated by Alfred Talk . Longman , Brown , Green , and Longmans Days and Hours . By Frederick Tennjson . John W . Parker and Son . The Heiress of Somertm , 3 vote . Bichafd Bentley Flora Lyndsay ; or , Passages in an Eventful Life . By Mrs . Moodie . 2 vols . Richard Bentle j
Table Traits , xoith Something on them . By Dr . Doran . Bichard Bentley , Rosalind and Felicia ; or , the Sisters . Bichard Bentley Russia and ike Russians , comprising an Account of the Czar Nicholas and the House of Romanoff . By J . W . Cole . Richard Bentley Rambles and Recollections of a Fly-Jisher . By Clericns . Chapman , and Hall The Poetical Works of the late Catherine Grace Godioin . Edited , with a Sketch of her Life , by A . Cleveland Wigan . Chapman , and HalL The Poetical Works of William Cowper , with Life , Critical Dissertation , and Explana-Tiie Poetical Works ofWiUiam Cowper , with Life , Critical Dissertation , and Eawlana
- tort / Motes . . By the ^ ^ Bev . George Crilfillan . VoL I . James Nichol . Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon . By Lieutenant William Lewis Berodon . Triibner and Co . Philip R 6 lU >; or , the Scottish Musketeers . By James Grant . Vols . I . and IL G . Boutledge and Co . Singleton Fontenoy . A Naval Novel . By James Hannay . G . Routledge and Co . Modern German Musk . Recollections and Criticisms . By Henry F . Chorley . 2 vols . Smith , Elder , and Co The Sweet South ; or , a Month at Algiers , ttrith a few Short Lyrics . By Eleanor Darby .
, Hope and Co . The Modern . Mystery ; or , Table Tapping , its History , Philosophy , and General Attributes . By J . G . Mac Walter . John Farqnhar Shaw . The Czar Unmasked . Smith , Elder , and Co , Corregio . * a Tragedy . John W . Parker and Soiu . The Art Journal . * George Virtue and Co . Household Medicine . W . S . Orr and Co . PaulPeabody . W . S . Orr and Co . Freemasons' Quarterly Magazine . G . Boutledge and Co .
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33 i T HE LEADER [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), April 8, 1854, page 332, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2033/page/20/
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