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" The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the dutmetaona of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race a 3 one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . *'—JJumholdt's Cosmos . ¦
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< 5 fat « i nf TraiiA Tahnnr and the The Purchase System 302 Mr . Suk Buckingham ... . job NEWS OF THE WEEK- * aob State or Trade , labour , and ttie ^ £ ouif Kossuth in Defence of Psychological Inquiries 306 Imperial Parliament 290 The Case ofLordClanricarde ' . " . " 298 Hungarian Reform 303 The Life and Times of Salvator The Sebastopol Committee 293 Our Civilisation 298 The Safety of Newspapers under Bosa 307 The War 294 Health of London 299 the New Bill 303 The Vienna Conference 295 Miscellaneous 299 "The Stranger" in Parliament ... 304 The Policy of Russia .. 296 Postscript 300 noPM rniiMrn- Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 308 ^ % ^ £% SSSnSSSI i *> PUBUC AFFAIRS" ° 4 ank ? of PaVuament 304 COMMERC . AL AFFA . RS-™*™^^ = 1 gagggE B U Ium — - 3 Q 5 ^ SSSSS ^ S ^ - 303-3 .
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VOIi . VI . No . 262 . ] SATURDAY , MARCH 31 , 1855 . „ [ Price Sixpence .
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Q USPENSE and expectation are the two words O that express the position of affairs at all the great posts of the Continent . As the Congress at Vienna comes to a stand-still at the third point , the interest begins to be turned from the Austrian to the British capital , where the Emperor of the French is expected to arrive on a visit to Queen Victoria—a NapoiiEoit being now one of the allied Sovereigns , and Alexander the Arch- _ enemy of the day ! And all the while—from the Crimea they continue to report to us that " the bombardment is going to begin .. " The British army has reversed its relative position , and become the envy of the French—the men are so healthy , the effective numbers are so considerable , their food is so good , their transport so transcendent , and their coats so red . They have everything that they can want , from canvas to washerwomen . The French still " insist tHat Caxeobert is not up to the mark ; Forey resigns , because he hates Pemssier ; and Sebastopol , stronger than ever , is now reinforced with new recruits and new supplies . liecent circumstances , however , have helped to tell us that there is an official distinction between Sebastopol and Vienna . The taking of Sebsistopol and its ultimate disposal arc questions that depend upon the gambling of war . The diplomatists are going for other objects of a more abstract kind . Their specific purpose is to exclude Russia from Constantinople ; and if they can do that by reducing her fleet in the Black Sea , and strengthening the Principalities with some kind of local independence , it will suffice . These arc tho objects at which they aim in tho Vienna Congress , and these are tho objects which , in making concession on tho subject of the Treaties of 1841 , the passage of tho Dardanelles , and even the departmental arrangements of tho Principalities , Russia is still desirous of meeting with a practical frustration . She will concede something , but not the thing wanted ; and when the Plenipotentiaries como to tho third point , they find that they cannot reconcile their instructions ; so they refer to their respective Governments , and will have to wait some days before new instructions shall enable them to go on again . Nothing has really altered in the position of tho Allies : not one appears to have changed his attitude towafda tho rest . While tho Emverok ov
Russia is professing at Berlin that he is desirous of concluding peace , and is prepared to make any honourable concessions for that purpose , he is telling his oWn nobles in St . Petersburg that he will defend the territory and honour of Russia at the cost of life ; and there is every probability that the Russian nobles , the Holy Synod , and the excited , fanatical populace of Russia driving to resistance , he will be unable to stop just at the point which the Allies consider indispensable . Prussia sending circulars to Foreign Ministers , and denying the right of Austria to make statements on the subject of what passes in the Diet , or of France to inquire about them , is in fact standing upon the rights of treachery , and carrying on her old game of assisting Russia . The language of Baron Prokesch-Osten " , challenged by Prussia proves , that Austria is entirely opposed to the Court of Berlin , and is firm equally in her opposition to Russia and her co-operation with the Allies . The question of peace or war , therefore , is still undetermined 5 while the hopes of peace decline with the increasing difficulties of reconciling the instructions of the Plenipotentiaries . The Sardinian alliance is confirmed by the two Houses of the British Parliament . The House of Lords has received the Queen ' s Message , and has acquiesced in 21 motion recognising that Message without a dissentient voice . In tho House of Commons the proposal to give the Treasury authority for issuing 2 , 000 , 000 / . sterling to the Sardinian Government by instalments of 500 , 000 / . in each half year , passed without a division , but not without a debate . There were several persons found to inflict upon the vote , aa it passed , some kind of censure . Mr . Bright objected to all such votes , and to war in general . Mr . Bowyer , an Ultramontane convert ^ condemncd tho financial credit of Sardinia , although that State possesses a higher credit "than many of more political importance ; and Mr . Disraem labelled the vote as a subsidy in disguise , although it is no such thing , but a genuine advance of English money upon English credit , to an ally whom our Ministers know to bo faithful in her engagements , and who will pay tho annual interest ; While her rising trade , particularly with this Country , is giving her a constantly increasing resource . In fact , howovor , the dohato was not a contest upon tho vote , but only a display of party , or anti-war feelings . ' Polish stock is rising in tho political market . It is true that Mr . Phxnn ' s motion for recommending the Crown to reconstitute tho kingdom of Poland
I as a barrier against Russian encroachments , was not pressed to a division ; but Lord Paxmerstox confesses that the question might arise , and lie only asked Mr . Phinn to withdraw the motion because it would embarrass the Executive , and so forth . The Polish question , therefore , stands over , and if Russia is obstinate in refusing the necessary concessions , we shall talk about something more than ^ Sebastopol and the Principalities , for we shall have a word , to say about Poland . - The Sebastopol Committee , continues to bring forth real disclosures—that js , such a completeness of exposure as to remove the idea that the causes of complaint were isolated instances , and to prove that the worst evils belong to the entire system . There have , no doubt , been serious cases of personal misconduct . Supplies have been promised upon contract , and probably not forwarded ; commandants have literally obeyed orders , and by their stupid attention to forms have obstructed work essential to support life in man and beast ; Ti ^ eid ^ car " nieii ~ have ~' ne ^ lect " duties that they " undertook , and have seen the victims of neglect perishing under their care . But it is evident that every person was overworked , partly from the simple fact that too much was given to him to do , and partly that the general disorder prevented . him from doing his work in a proper manner . Mr . Roebuck has stated that probably the inquiry would close soon after Easter : but evidently , if it is to be at all complete , we must have witnesses yet more important than any that have been before the Committee . Once moro Lord Lucan ' s case has been brought hefore Parliament . We trust it is at an end . " Everybody seemed disposed to soothe the wounded feelings of tho late General of Cavalry—it was polite to do so . But the facts remain—tho lost brigade cannot be recalled . The House of Commons declined to step beyond its province and dictate to the Queen on tho treatment of officers ; and it acted rightly . Discipline would bo impossible , if the Crown were called upon to give reasons every time a man is recalled , and order courtmartials upon a soldier because ho is a Peer . Into the merits of tho ease . we shall not again enter Lord Lucan brought all upon himself by his p with Lord Raolan , and hasty appeal to the House > been a modest man , he - tho quiet censuro convoyed " first despatch , and there , " * ..... . . ,. ¦ .. - ' ¦ 1 ' iTitiMi UIItUJL
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Leader (1850-1860), March 31, 1855, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2084/page/1/
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