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would not be longer foiled in . the promulgation of his message ; so , sending it to the still unconstituted House , he resolved to " shanae the fools , and print it ! " We have great doubts as to the legality of such a step ; but doubts not less strong as to the possibility of bringing the President to account . He might plead , with much force , that the longer suppression of the message was calculated to occasion decided inconvenience , especially in Europe ; and if General Pierce should fail in his hopes of re-election , it will not be because he has struck such a blow at the constitution as the promulgation of his message without a President of Representatives to read it .
e xtensiori—the desire to forestall competition— ii the motive which has led the Great Western- Ral t way Company into a course that has reduced j ^ dividends from 8 per c « nt . to 2 pe » cent . T meeting , however , was swamped by proxies in t"e pockets of the great shareholders , and the extension was carried . Thus , while Norwich and Cambridge are protesting against the lax construction and management of the existing railway , the leading men in the South Western are planning , as other railway managers are , a further spread of the weak and vitiated system .
The Emperor of the French has addressed to his faithful Senate , not axerbosa et grandis epistola , but an admonition , composed axid published with extraordinary secrecy and solemnity . The admonition takes the form of a discourse on the Imperial Constitution , celebrating its manifold wisdom and ascribing any slight flaws in its operation to the common imperfection of all human ordinances and instruments . This confession of the mortal element distinguishes the Neo-Csesarism of the nineteenth century . But all that is mortal in the Imperial Constitution is to he found in the Senate and the Legislative Corps ; and to tliem
particularly to the Senate , the present admonition is addressed . There is something exquisitely ludicrous , as the Paris correspondent of the Times remarks , in the notion of the Imperial Senate being treated as an independent body ; but as the Romans made a deity of Fortune , so the French nation of our clay worships Irony . The admonition suggests that the senators have misunderstood their mission , for , like Monsieur Jouidain , they do not seem to be . aw are that they have been talking " prose all their life . " Perhaps they have under " stood the one part of their duty only—the duty of pocketing the affront of 30 , 000 francs per annum . Why drag their splendid liveries in the mud of responsibility ? - ... _ ....
The disclosures at Rugeley have aot yet terminated . We have already four distinct cases , besides the abortive case of George Bate , Esq ., which was only prophetic . The jury have returned a verdict of "Wilful murder" in the case of Anne Palmer , the wife . In the ease of Walter Palmer , which stands over till the 23 rd , Professor Taylor has thrown out the opinion that the man . was " poisoned with gin ; " and . a chemist has proved
that William Palmer had bought prussic acid just before his brother ' s death . William was seen at an inn in Stafford playing with small bottles —one of them , very small indeed ! , containing a liquid as clear as water . Immediately after his brother ' s death , he wrote to the widow , urging one payment , and hinting at another , as not more than his due for having assisted " poor Walter" so " many , many times . "
The case of the postmaster at Rugeley is a siding . It turns out that Palmer had not only induced the postmaster to open a letter , but he had sent a copy of Professor Taylor ' s first letterwhich seemed to imply that no poison had been discovered—to the coroner , avowing his wish for a verdict of " Death from natural causes . " William Palmer , however , not only sent this letter to the coroner . He ha < l previously , it would seem , sent to the same functionary a present o game .
The railway system is brought more ' closely to book each successive week . Cambridge has , now followed the example of Norwich , but has improved upon the example . Norwich secured the report of Colonel Wynne upon one line of the Eastern Counties nefcworlc ., and has thus obtained many guarantees for the immediate safety of the traffic , and has thrown a great light upon the state of the whole iron network of the United Kingdom . Cambridge carries forward the work , asking Government to grant' an inspection of four more branches in tho same network , and pointing out
that the supervising power exercised by the Uourd of Trade is not sufficient for the positive control of railway management . While tikis is going on , the South-Western Hail way Company has had a special meeting to consider the" propriety of extending the railway in tlie direction of Salisbury and Ycovil , between which a separate line is projected by a ( separate company . This branch haa been repeatedly proposed to the proprietary , and as repeatedly rejected . At tho meeting it wns shown that it would probably cost ^ 800 , 000 ; ^ L *!^ ^ "j woul ( 1 ko very doubtful > that / eiUU , GU 0 would bo required aa an advance to the •^ separate compan y ; and th at the object of the
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Health of London . —Eleven hundred deaths were registered in London iu the week that ended , on Saturday . In the second week of the last ten years ( which corresponds to last week ) , the average number was 1 , 239 . If , for comparison with the deaths in the present increased population , this average is raised by a tenth part , it becomes 1 , 363 . The present state of the public health must be regarded , therefore , as comparatively good ; and if last week is compared with the same week 5 u 1854 and 1855 , when the deaths rose to neai'ly 1 , 500 , the result becomes still more satisfactory . Fatal cases produced by diseases of the respiratory organs have decreased iu the last
fortnight ; the numbers > in the last three returns having been 348 , 253 , and 238 . . Bronchitis , the most fatal of the diseases which constitute this class , numbered in the same periods 204 , 141 , and 12 < 5 . The reUvra for pneumonia ( or inflammation of the lun » sis not heavy for this season . Phthisis was fatal to 1 * persons , the corrected average being 151 . 21 deaths occurred from small-pox , four of which took place in " Woolwich . Mr . Rixoja , who registered three from that disease in the Royal Ordnance Hospital , mentions that it has "been extremely prevalent there but is
now abating ; that there were upwards of 30 cases at one time in that establishment , and some of the worst description . Two d « aths frond typhus , one from " fever , " and one from erysipelas , occurred on the 5 th and Sth of January in St . Luke ' s Workhouse . Measles carried off three very young children in the Westminster Workhouse . Last week the births of 798 boys and 765 girls , in all 1 , 563 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of tlie years 1846-55 the average number was i 480 . —From , the Registrar-General ' s "Weekly , Jictzirn .
The Registrar-General ' s Quarterly Summary of Deaths ik London . —In the last 13 weeks of the year 1855 , 13 , 840 persons died from all causes in London ; 3 , 079 from zymotic diseases , 620 from dropsy , cancer , and other diathetie diseases "; , 233 from tubercular diseases ; 5 , 733 from inflamma tions and other diseases of particular organs ; 45 from malformations-357 " from premature "birth and debility ; 407 from atrophies ; and 537 from old age . The causes of 163 deaths , generally sudden , were not ascertained . 448 persons died -violent deaths ; namely , 5 by cold , 22 by poison , 75 by burns and scalds , 35 by' hanging , 46 by suffocation , 76 by drowning , 1 G 2 b y fractures and
contusions , 30 by wounds , 1 . 7 by other violence . Of the zymotic diseases , scarlatina ( 774 ) , typhus ( 608 ) , hoopingcough . ( 441 ) , and diorxhooa ( 316 ) , are most fatal . Of cancer , 271 persons , of consumption , 1 , 627 , of bronchitis , pneumonia , and pleurisy , 2 , 208 , died . 2 , 496 of the deaths , or nearly 1 in 6 , occurred in the public institutions of London 1 , 333 in -the workhouses , 71 in military and naval asylums , 873 in civil hospitals , 81 in military and naval hospitals , 12 in hospitala and asylums for foreigners , 98 in lunatic asylums , and 28 in prisons . 77 deaths took place in Stj , George's , 88 in the London , 94 in St . Thomas ' s , 100 in Guy ' s , and 143 in St . Bartholomew ' hospitals . 422 deatlia took place in five large workhouses ; 52 in tho Eaat London , 80 in Lnmboth , 81 in St . Giles , 10 0 in Mnrylobone , and 109 in 3
Panora . s . , 501 of tho persons who died woro men of tho ago of 20 and upwards ; 118 were cngagod in the Government Berrice , goneral or local ; 205 woro in the army or navy ; 82 woro members of tho learned professions , or their subordinates ; 29 wexo engaged in literature , tho fine ar ts , or scioncoh ; 442 woro ongaged iu entertaining , clothing , andporfonuingpereonal offices for man ; 172 woro capitiuints , proprietors , morclmntB , or clerks ; 43 o , wero ongaged in -the carryingtnulo «; 70 wero ngricultiuuBtB or garuonors ; 34 wero engaged about horeoa and other animate ; 024 woro engaged in art and mechanic production ^ 173 worked and don . l t lnanimnl HubHtanooB ; 420 in vegetable euhtttonooH ; 253 in xmnorolH ; 248 woro labourers or of other Hldofinod chumon ; 18 ! J woro persona of runic or property not returned under nny office or oooupntion .
Metropolitan Boaho ov Woukb .- —The Board haa determined that tho Halnry of the onginoor-in-chiof shall bo one thousand a-year , includi ng travelling and incidental oxponBOH : and that tho eulaxy of tho accountant shall bo £ 4 CO a-yoar . A Fakmjsr khj . ki ) « v a Burx . — A . farmer nt Northill , Bedfordshire , haa bcxin killed by n bull . Ho had ontorod tho ariimul ' H atoll while bin handu wero bloody from lulling apig ; M \<\ it it * auppoHed that this irritated tlio beaut .
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The receipt of this rather surprising intelligence necessarily deprives the war news , which had previously arrived from various quarters , of a large part of its interest- It must of course be read with an eye to the mollifying intimation from St . Petersburg ; but it is not yet quite time to close out Wai * Ledger , and therefore , we proceed briefly to chronicle the sum total of the news from the week ' s Crimea , the Baltic , and Asia .
At length tUere is a prospect of our War head . ing giving place to a Peace heading . Russia accepts the Austrian terms as a basis for negotiations ; and unless— -as frequently is the case—the whole thino splits on some proposed modification , or some unlooked-for mode of interpreting those terms , the Spring campaign , for which such vast preparations have been made on both sides , will remain unacted .
A telegraphic despatch lias been received from Prince GortschakolT , stating that a party of French , wearing white cloaks ( probably that they might not be perceived in the snow ) , advanced by night , and surprised Baidar . They bayonetted the outposts , but retreated when the Russian reserves came up . The Russian loss , adds Gortschakoff , was three killed and three wounded . This is an advance upon the one Cossack .
Numerous ambushes have been laid by the Cossacks round the camps of the Allies , but the vigilance o the latter has completely defeated the schemes of the enemy . An English transport , laden with gunpowder , has blown up at Eupatoria . A French ship of war , which had run aground in tlie Sea of Marmora , lias been got off l > y the steamfrigate Labrador . AH goes well at Kertch , notwithstanding the recent alarm . The enemy , with th < 5 / exception of
a few straggling Cossacks , has not re-appeared in the neighbourhood ; the defences are described as excellent , and the garrison as ' fully competent to repel attack . The cold is intense ; but , according to one account the town and troops are abundantly supplied with fuel , and all sorts of provisions . According" to another , however , there is a scarcity of provisions already . Intelligence lias been received from Constantinople , stating that the Russian advanced posts are within three hours' march of Erzeroum . The
campaign of the Turkish army in Imeritia is definitively abandoned , in order to cover that city . The ground in Armenia is coveied with snow . General Mouravieff has sent to Gumri for reinforcements , and is fortifying Kars , which , should the war continue , is to be the basis of his operations next Spring . Omar Pacha is concentrating his forces at Usergette ; hut an English war steamer , it is stated , lias received orders to proceed from Sinonc to Souclioum-Kaleb , to bring him to Constantinople . It is rumoured in some quarters that lie is coming to England . * The official account of the fall of Kars has at
length been published . Its tendency is to shift the blame from the shoulders of the Ministry on to those of Omar Pacha . _ " This personage , " says a letter from ConHtan tinoplo , " has oadeavoured to turn asido tho . slorui which threatens ) him by Bonding his con fid nut , Colonel Simmons , to Constantinople The Colonel has arrived ; but he was preceded l > y twenty-four hours by tho president of tho Military Council , I lalim Pacha , who came from Trobisond , where ho instituted a summary investigation . Colonel Siijiinni ^
boob , however , that it is too late to net at Con ' atuntinoplo , and is accordingly preparing to leuvo l ' i » r London , in order to causo tho KngliHh yw . tn to ftMpport Omar Pacha . Ho snys that nothing in more Himplo than hia juBlincatioj ) , and ho uudertiikw to prove tliat tho responsibility of tho fall of Kara rentn entirely with the ministry , and principally with lUza Pacha . Ho states that Omar Pachn , in proceeding to KutrtiH , know porfeotly well that Kara was about to fall , and that ho oven oxp ' ootccl to roceivo tho nawn of tho capitulation boforo setting out . Colonel HimrnonH adds that tho roadtj -were in huoIi iv HhiU ) Unit
it wnu not poBBiblo to send an army of 40 , 00 ( 1 men U > Krzoroum . Tliiw noBortion , howovor , in ooi » tni < licU < l by tho arrival of Solim Pachn in that town , un il by tho concentration of troopa which the Government i * effecting there . " Tho Times seeks to throw tho blame on I- «« " <' Stratford do Rodcliftb , our irritable and jonloiis nmbftsamlor at Constantinople , and has pivlWrcd against him charges of the grnvcat nature . - According to tins authority , his Lordship withheld succour because General Williams wan not <> i h | H appointing : « ml actually refused to answer or re-
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50 THE LEADER , [ No . 304 , Saturday
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THE WAR .
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 19, 1856, page 50, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2124/page/2/
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