On this page
-
Text (2)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
COUNT WAIiEWSKI ON THE GREEK AND ITALIAN QUESTIONS . From the Daily News of yesterday / we derive a summary ( which we give simply on the authority of that journal ) of * Count Walewski * s speech on the Greek and Italian Questions , delivered at the sitting of the Congress on the 8 th insfc . After some formal business , Count Walewski rose and said : He thought it was desirable that , before they separated , the . Plenipotentiaries should exchange their ideas upon various subjects which called for solution , and which it might be useful to take into consideration , with a view to prevent future complications . Although they had assembled : for
tbe special purpose of arranging the Eastern question , the Congress might , in his opinion , have to reproach itself if it were not to take advantage of the circumstances which had brought together so many representatives of the principal Powers of Europe , to elucidate certain questions , lay down certain principles , and give utterance to certain sentiments—all with the sole object of assuring the tranquillity of the world by dispelling , while yet they were not too threatening , the clouds which might already be seen lowering in the political horizon . It could not , he said , be denied , that Greece was in an abnormal situation . The anarchy to which tha t country had been abandoned bad- compelled France and England to send troops to the Piraeus , and that at a time when their armies had no lack of employment
elsewhere . The Congress knew what was th « state of Greece at that moment . Moreover , Congress couldnot be ignorant that the condition of that country was -iar from satisfactory at the present time . It would not therefore be a proceeding without its utility if the Powers represented in the Congress were to manifest a desire to see the three protectingCourts take into . their mature consideration the deplorable situation of the kingdom which they had created , and devise means to apply a remedy . Count Walewski did ' not doubt that Lord Clarendon would concur with him in declaring that the two Governments were most anxiously looking forward to the moment when they might safely put : an end to their occupation of Greece ; but this they felt they could not do , so long as serious modifications were not made in the present state of things in Greece .
The French Plenipotentiary afterwards reminded the Congress that the Pontifical States were also in an abnormal situation . The necessity of net leaving those States a prey to anarchy had determined France as well as Austria to respond to the request of the Holy See in occupying Borne -with her troops while Austria occupied the Legations . France had a double motive in deferring without hesitation to the desires of the Holy See—let , as a Catholic ; and 2 nd , as a European Power- As the " eldest child « f the Church , " a title of which the Enjperor was most proud , his Majesty had made it a duty to give his aid to the Sovereign Pontiff , But , further , the tranquillity of the Roman States , upon which depended the tranquillity of all Italy , was much too closely connected with the maintenance of order in Europe for France not to have an interest of the highest kind 10 assist , by all the means in her power , in the preservation of
order in the Pope ' s dominions . He fully saw how much , there was that was abnormal in the situation of a Power which had need of the support of foreign troops in order to maintain its authority . He did not hesitate to declare , and he hoped that Count Buol would say as much on the part of Austria , that Franco was not only ready to withdraw her troops from Koine , but she desired with all her heart that the time -when she might do so without compromising the interests of the Pontifical Govern ment , in which the Emperor took so lively an intores ' t , might not bo indefinitely postponed . It was most floatr rablo , in the interest of the equilibrium of Europe , that the French forces should bo enabled safely to evjU cuate the Roman States . Ho did not doubt that the frank expression of these sentiments on the part of France and Austria would do good , and produce a favourable impression .
Continuing in the same order of ideas ho felt prompted to inquire whether it was not to be wished that certain Governments in the Italian Peninsula should , by acts of well-considored clemency , conciliate such of their subjects ns wcro not pervortod though they had gone astray , and should thus put an and to a svatom which operated directly contrary to its object , a system which , instead of restraining the enemies of order , had for its effect to weaken tho Governments that noted upon it , and to augment tho number of tho partisans of demagogy ? In his opinion , it would bo to render a signal service to tho Government of tho Two Sicilies , aa well as to tho cause of order in tho Peninsula , to enlighten that Government on tho subject of tho -wrong course which it was pursuing . Ho thought that a warning conceived in this
Untitled Article
accord as to this revision , a special Commission , with regard to the composition of which the high contracting parties will come to an understanding , will assemble without delay at Bucharest , together with a Commission of the Sublime Porte . The task of this Commission will be to inquire into the actual state and condition of the Principalities , and to propose the bases of their future organisation . 24 . —His Majesty the Sultan promises to convoke immediately in each of the two provinces , a divan ad hoc , composed in such , a manner as to constitute the most exact representation of the interests of all classes of society . These divans are to give expression to the wishes of the populations relative to tfie definitive organisation of the Principalities . An instruction of the Congress will regulate the relations of the Commission with these divans .
declare that tbis disposition constitutes henceforth a part of the public Law of Europe , and they take it ( the disposition ) under their guarantee . The navigation of the Danube cannot he subjected to any hinderance { entrave ) or dues ( redevtmces ) which shall not be expressly provided for by the stipulations contained in the following articles . . In consequence no toll ( pe ' age ) shall be taken that may be based solely upon the fact of the navigation of the river , nor any duty ( droit ) upon merchandise which may be on board vessels . The police and quarantine regulations to be established for the security * of the states separated or traversed by this river shall be conceived in such a manner as to favour the circulation of vessels as much as possible ( aidant quejaire sejpourra ) . Save these regulations , no obstacle whatever shall be placed in the way of the free navigation .
16 . —With the object of realising the dispositions of the preceding article , a Commission in which France , Austria , Great Britain , Prussia , Russia , Sardinia , and Turkey , shall each be represented by a delegate , shall be charged to design and cause to be executed the necessary works from Isatcha downwards ( depuis Zsatcka ) , in order to clear the months of the Danube as well as the neighbouring parts of the sea from the sand and other obstacles which obstruct them , so as to put that part of the river , and the said parts of the sea , in the lest possible state of navigability . To cover the expenses of these works , as well as of the establishments having for their object to assure and facilitate the navigation of the mouths of the Danube , fixed duties , at a proper ( convenable ) rate , to be settled by the Commission by a majority of votes , may be levied , on the express conditions that in this respect , as in all others , the flags of all nations shall be treated on a footing of perfect equality . be
17 . ^—A Commission shall appointed , composed of delegates of Austria , Bavaria , the Sublime Porte , and "Wurtemberg ( one for each of these Powers ) , to which Commission , the Commission of tbe three Danubian Principalities , whose nomination shall have been approved of by the Porte , shall be joined . This Commission , which shall be permanent , will first draw up the regulations of navigation and of fluvial police ; secondly , remove the obstacles ( entraves ) , of whatever nature they may . be , which as yet prevent the , application of the dispositions of the Treaty of Vienna to the Danube ; thirdly , give orders for , and cause to be executed , the necessary works throughout the whole course of the river ( sur tout leparcours dujleuve ) ; and fourthly , after the dissolution off the European- Commission , see to the maintenance of the navigability of the mouths of the Danube , and the neighbouring parts of the sea .
18 . —It is understood that the European Commission will have fulfilled its task , and that the bordering ( riveraine ) Commission will have terminated the works designated in the preceding article under the Nos . 1 and 2 , within the space of two years . The Powers parties to this treaty , assembled in conference and informed of these facts , will , after having taken note of them ( apres en avoir pris acte ) , pronounce the dissolution of the European Commission , and thenceforth the permanent bordering ( riveraine ) Commission shall enjoy , the same powers as those with which the European Commission will have been invested up to that time .
19 . —In order to assure the execution of the regulations which shall have been settled by common accord , in accordance with the principles hereinbefore enunciated , each of the contracting Powers shall have the right at all times to station two light vessels at the mouths of the Danube . 20 . —In exchange for the tpwns , ports , and territories enumerated ia Article 4 of the present treaty , and in order the better to assure the liberty of tho navigation of the Danube , his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias
consents to the rectification of his frontier in Bessarabia . The new frontier will start from the Black Sea at one kilometre to tho east of Lake Bourna-Sola , will perpendicularly rejoin the Akerman-road , follow this road as far aa the valley of Trajan , pass to the south of Bolgcad , reascend along the river Yalpuck as far as Saratsika , and w i ll terminate at Kqkamori on the Pruth . Above this point the old frontier between the two empires will undergo no modification . Delegates of the contracting Powers will settle , in its details , the boundary line of tho new frontier .
21 . —Tho territory coded by Russia shall be annexed to the Principality of Moldavia , under tho suzerainty of the Sublime Porto . The inhabitants of this territory will enjoy tho rights and privileges assured to tho Principalities , and during tho space of three yoa-rs they shall bo permitted to romovo thoir domicile elsowhore , freely disposing of thoiT property . 22 . —The Principalities of Wallachiai and Moldavia will continue to onjoy , under the suzerainty of tho Porte , and under the guarantee of tho contracting Powers , tho privileges and immunities of which they arc in possession . No oxoluaivo protection shall bo exorcised over them by any one of tlio guaranteeing Powers . There shall bo no private ( parttoufier ) right of intcrforonco with thoir internal affairs .
23 . —The Sublime Porto engages to preserve to tho aforesaid Principalities an independent and national administration , aa well aa full liberty of -worship , legislation , commerce , and navigation . Tho laws and statutes now In force shall bo revised . To establish u complete
remains annexed to the present treaty , and slxall nave the same force and value as if it had made part of it . 84 . —The present treaty sball he ratified , and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Paris , within the space of fonr weeks , or sooner , if possible . In faith of which , the respective Plenipotentiaries have sighed it and have hereto affixed the seal of their arms .
25 . —Taking into consideration the opinion expressed by the two divans , the Commission will , without delay , transmit the result of its own labours to the present seat of the Conferences . The final understanding of the Suzerain Power will be recorded ( consacre ' e ' ) in a convention concluded at Paris between the high contracting parties , and a hatti-scheriff conformable to the stipulations of the convention will definitively constitute the organisation of these provinces - — placed thenceforth under the collective guarantee of all the Powers parties to the treaty .
26 . —It is agreed that there shall be in the Principalities an armed national force organised with the object of maintaining the security of the interior , and assuring that of the frontiers . No impediment ( entrave ) is to be placed in the way of such extraordinary measures of defence , as , in accordance with the Sublime Porte , ; the Principalities may be under the necessity of taking ( seraieni apjyeles a , prendre ) to . repulse any foreign aggression . . 27 . ^ -If the internal tranquillity of the Principalities should be menaced or compromised , the Sublime Porte will come to an understanding with the other contracting Powers , as to the measures to be taken to maintain or re-establish legal order . 2 > To armed intervention can take place without , a previous accord with these Powers . . . . ; ¦ -i .. ' - - - - j . ¦ ; - - ¦
28 .: — . The Principality of Servia will continue to be dependent upon ( a relever de ) the Sublime Porte conformably to the Imperial hattis , which fix and , determine its rights and immunities , placed henceforth under the collective guarantee of the contracting Powers . In consequence , the said Principality will preserve its independent and national administration , as well as full liberty of worship , legislation , commerce , and navigation . 29 , —The right of garrison of the Sublime Porte , such as is stipulated for by anterior regulations , is maintained . No armed intervention is to take place in Servia without a previous accord between all the contracting Powers . .
30 .: —His Majesty the Emperor of all tbe Russias and his Majesty the Sultaa keep in its integrity the state of their possessions in Asia , such as it existed legally before the rupture . In order to prevent any loc al contest , the boundary of the frontier will be verified , and if need be rectified , but so as that no territorial prejudice shall result to either of the two parties from any such rectification . With this view a mixed Commission composed of two Russian Commissioners , two Ottoman Commissioners , one French Commissioner , and one English Commissioner , shall be sent to the locality ( sur lea lieux ) immediately after the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the Court of Russia and the Sublime Porte . The foboura of thia , Commission are to be terminated within the space of eight months , dating from the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty .
ox . —JLhe territories occupied during the war by the troops of their Majesties the Emperor of the French , the Emperor of Austria , the Queen of tho United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , and the King of Sardinia , under tho terms of the Conventions signed at Constantinople on March 12 , 1854 , between France , Great Britain , and the Sublime Porto , the 14 th of June of tho same year between Austria and the Sublime Porto , and the 16 th of March , 1855 , between Sardinia and tho Sublime Porto ,. shall bo evacuated as soon as possible ( awsitft qu , efaire 86 pourra ) after tho ratifications of tho present treaty , Tho time within which tho evacuation is to bo effected ( lea dtlaii ) , and the means of execution , will bo the subject of a convention between the Sublime Porte and tho X * owers whoso troops occupy tho territories . *
82 . —Until tho treaties or conventions which existed boforo tho war botwoon the belligerent Powers shall have boon renewed or replaced , by new acts , tho commerce of importation and exportation shall go on reciprocally upon tho footing of tho rules in force before tho war , and thoir subjects shall in all othor respects ( ere toute autre manure ) bo respectively treated upon tho footing of tho moat favoured nation . 88 . —Tho Convention concluded this dny botwoon thoir Majesties tho Emperor of tine French , tho Queen of tho United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irolnnd , of tho ono part , and hia Mi \ jesty tho Emperor of all tho Ruustas of tho othor part , rolativo to tho Aland Isles , is and
Untitled Article
¦ APRH . -- 20 , 1856 . ] - T ~ ETE IE AJ ) EB . 389
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), April 26, 1856, page 389, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2138/page/5/
-