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    ing for the benefit of the revolution which all the Governjnente <» adBUHi and wish to prevent . The problem which it is a matter of urgency to solve , consists , he <« onceiv « s , ia combining the retreat of the foreign troops <» ith the maintenance of tranquillity , and the solution -Spends on the organisation of an administration which by reviving confidence ' would render the Government independent of foreign support ; that support never succeeding ia maintaining a Government to which the public ^ sentiment is hostile , and there would result from it in bis opinion , a part which France and Austria would aot wish their armies to perform . For the well-being of the Pontifical States , as also for the interest of the ^ sovereign authority of the Pope , it would , therefore , in

    | Ai opinion , be advantageous to recommend the seculanfelltion of the Government , and the organization of an iftAbuaisixative system in harmony with the spirit of the age , and having for its object the happiness of the people . He admits that this reform might perhaps offer in Borne itself , at the present moment , certain difficulties ; but he 4 hinks that it might easily be accomplished in the . Legations . The first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain observes that , for the last eight years Bologna lias been in a state -of siege , and that the rural districts are harassed by brigands : it may be hoped , he thinks , that by establishing in this part of the Roman States an administrative and judicial system , at once Secular and distinct , and that , by organizing there a

    national armed force , security and confidence would Tftptdly be restored , and the Austrian troops might . tihtifily withdraw without having to apprehend the tptiitn of fresh troubles ; it is at least an experiment ¦^ o ltSh , in his opinion , ought to be attempted , and this tfemedy . proposed for indisputable evils ought to be subinWtfed oy the Congress to the serious consideration of ~ Hfrj& Pope . As regards the Neapolitan Government , the flfst Plenipotentiary of Great Britain is desirous of imitating the example given him by Count Wajfewski , by jjjtttsing Over in silence acts which have obtained such jf rtevous notoriety . He is of opinion that it must doubtless be admitted in principle that no Government has the right to interfere in the internal affairs of other

    states , but he considers there are cases in which the ¦ fcjtception to this rule becomes equally a right and a j juiy . The Neapolitan Government seems to him to TlftVe conferred this right , and to have imposed this duty Upon Europe ; and , as the Governments represented in $ h $ "Congress , are all equally desirous to support the trchica l principle and to repel revolution , it , is a to lift up the voice against a system which . keeps volutionary ferment among the masses instead . of seeking to moderate it . ' "We do not wish , * he ^ ays , * that peace should be disturbed , and there is no peace ¦ Without justice ; we ought , then , to make known to the King of Naples the wish of the Congress for the amelioration of his system of government—a wish which

    < £ &&ncft remain without effect—and require of him an Amnesty in favour of the persons who have been condemned or who are imprisoned without trial for political -offences . * As regards the observations offered by Count TTalewski on the excesses of the Belgian press , and the dangers which result therefrom for the adjoining countries , the Plenipotentiaries of England admit their im-JpOftance ; but , as tho representatives of a country in Which a free and independent press is , so to say , one of ttneT fundamental institutions , they cannot associate themselves to measures of coercion against the press of another state . The first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain , while deploring the violonce in which certain organs of the Belgian press indulge , does not hesitate to

    declare that the authors of the execrable doctrines to which Count Walewski alludes , the men who preach ¦ assassination as the means of attaining a political object , ¦ ate undeserving of the protection which guarantees to the press Ita liberty and its independence . In con-• 4 &udln £ , the Earl of Clarendon observes that , like France , England at the commencement of the war ¦* bught by every means to mitigate its effects , and that 'With this view she renounced , for the benefit of neutrals during the struggle which has now come to an end , jjrinclples which up to that time she had invariably maintained . Ho adds , that England ia disposed to

    renounce them definitively , provided that privateering is equally abolished for over ; that privateering is nothing else than an organized and legal piracy , and that privateers are one of tho greatest scourges of war , and our ¦ condition of civilization and humanity requires that an 4 nd should be put to a system which ia no longer suitable to the present day . If tho whole of tho Congress were to adopt the proposition of Count Walewski , it should bo well understood that it would only be binding in regard to tho powers who may accede to it , and that it could not bo appealed to by Governments who may refuse their accession . "

    . In this discussion Count OrlofF refused to take part , 44 his instructions did not provide for any expression of opinion on such subjects . Count Bubl eongriitalated himself on seeing the Orovern-« nents of Pmnoe and England disposed to put an < Chd , aa speedily as possible , to tho occupation of Greece ; declared that Austria wishes * ' that all the states of . Europe should enjoy , under the prot ^ ction of public law , their political independence

    and complete prosperity ; desired to see a proper prevention of the excesses of the press ; and declined to enter into a discussion of the principles of maritime law , as his instructions did not go so far . " Baron Hubner said that " the reduction of the Austrian army in the Legations sufficiently showed , in his opinion , that the Imperial Cabinet intends to withdraw its troops as soon as such a measure shall be considered opportune . " Baron Manteuffel spoke in favour of the maritime principles which the Congress was invited to adopt ; expressed the desire of Prussia to see the internal pacification of Greece , but doubted whether the steps proposed to be taken with regard to Naples might not encourage in that country ** a spirit of

    opposition and revolutionary movements . " He declined to enter into the question of the Papal States . With respect to the press , " Russia would voluntarily take part in an inquiry into the measures which might be deemed suitable" for curbing its excesses . Xhe Baron also called attention to an affair which had been passed over ^ in silencethe present situation of the principality of Neufchafcel , " the only point , perhaps , in Europe where , in contradiction to treaties , and to what has been recognised by all the great Powers , a revolutionary Government , which disregards the rights of tbe sovereign , holds sway . " He demanded that this question should be included in the number of those to be inquired into . the ht

    vernments of the Italian Peninsula , and especially bj that of the Two Sicilies . " 4 . That all the plenipotentiaries , and even those who considered themselves bound to reserve the principle of the liberty of the press , have not hesitated loudly t < condemn the excesses in which the Belgian newspaper ! indulge -with impunity , by recognising the necessity o remedying the real inconveniences which result fron the uncontrolled licence which is so greatly abused ii Belgium . "

    THE PITBUC PROCLAMATION OF PEACE OF LONDON . Loni > o » made a species of half- holiday wn Tues-• day morning , in order to see and hear the peace proclaimed . A notification ft * i been j > reviouslj issued to the effect that carriage ' s were not $ o pass between St . James ' s Palace and Temple Bar after half-past ten , a . m ., until the procession had performed that part of its journey . Shortly before eleven o'clock , the foot-pavement of Pali-mall was occupied by a line of spectators ^ The windows and balconies were thronged with sigtot-seers , chiefly of the fair sex , and it is BaW that % -vro bi the royal children occupied seats at a WiftfcloW of St . James e s Palace .

    Shortly before twelve o ' clock , the procession , whteh had assembled in the Stable-yard , St . James ' s , emerged into the open space in front of the Paferee . The'CWtemony opened with three blasts of the trumpets , attd then Garter King of Arms Tead aloud ber Majesty ' s proclamation of the restoration of peace , * t the conclusion of which the crowd gave three cheers , and this w * s fellowed by another blast of trumpets . When the high personages who had remained stationary at the gate began to put themselves in motion , and the " procession" was duly exhibited in the eyes of the multitude , the spectacle was not of a kind to cause excitement or even astonishment . Certainly , a herald el * d in a tabard is a personage not to be seen every -day , and therefore

    " Count Cavour does not mean to question rig of each Plenipotentiary not to take part in the discussion of a question which is not contemplated by his instructions ; it is nevertheless , he thinks , of the utmost importance that tbe opinion manifested by certain powers , in regard to the occupation of the Roman States , should be recorded in tire protocol . The first Plenipotentiary of Sardinia states that the occupation of the Roman States by the Austrian troops assumes every day more of a permanent character ; that it has lasted seven years , and' that , nevertheless , no indication appears which would lead to the supposition that It will cease at a more or less early period ; that the causes which gave rise to it Are still in existence ; that the state of the country which they occupy is assuredly not improved , and that , in order to be satisfied of this , it is enough to remark that Austria considers herself obliged to

    the heralds held the same distinction in this national solemnity as the " men in armour" in » civic procession ; but the other elements in the show were not remarkable <« s far as the eye waa concerned ) , unless , indeed , we except the series - of W « sttnin «* Br beadles , who provoked slight demonstrations of fenfrth . Nevertheless , the list of the personages who figured on the occasion looks imposing enough , inasmuch as the procession comprized a troop of the 2 nd Life Guards , under the command of Lieutenat-Colonei Ogilvy ; the Beadles of Westminster , walking two and two , with staves ^ the High Constable , with his staff , on horseback : the High Bailiff and Deputy-Steward of

    Westmaintain , in its trtmost severity , the state of siege ¦ at Bologna , although it - dates from the occupation itself . He observes that the presence of the Austrian troops in the Legations and . in the Duchy of Parma destroys the balance ofk power in Italy , and constitutes a real danger for Sardinia . The plenipotentiaries of Sardinia , he says , deem it , therefore , a duty to point out to the attention of Europe a state of things so abnormal as that which results from the indefinite occupation of a great part of Italy "by Austrian troops . As regards the question of Naples , Count Cavour shares entirely the opinions expressed by Count Walewski and the Earl of Clarendon , and he conceives that it is in the highest degree important to suggest modifications which , by appeasing passions , would render less difficult the regular progress of affairs in the other states of the peninsula . In reply to some remarks by Baron Hubner ,

    minster ; Knight Marshal ' s men , two and two ; drums , Drum-Major , trumpets , and Sergeant-Trumpeter ; Sir Charles Toung , Garter King of Arms , on horseback \ three Pursuivants , habited in their tabards—viz * , Mr . J . R . Planche " , Rouge Croix , riding alone , followed by Mr . H . M . Lane , Blue Mantle , and Mr . G . W . Collen , Portcullis , riding abreast and flanked on each side by three Sergeants-at-Arms , three o ( whom carried each a gold mace ; four Heralds , also habited in tabards , riding two and two abreast—v »» ., Mr . W . Coarthope , Somerset Herald , Mr . G . Harrison , Windsor Herald , Mr . T . W . King , York Herald , and Mr . A . W . Woods , Lancaster Herald ; Mr . R . Laurie , Norroy King of Arms ; followed by another troop of Life Guards , bringing ap the rear .

    " Count Cavour says that he is desirous that the French occupation should cease as well as the Austrian , but that he cannot help considering the one as being far more dangerous than the other for the independent states of Italy . He adds , that a small corps d ' armee , at a great distance from France , is menacing for no one ; whereas it is very alarming to see Austria resting on Ferrara and on Placentia , the fortifications of which she is enlarging , contrary to tho spirit , if not to the letter , of the treaties of Vienna , and extending herself along tho Adriatic aa

    When the party had reached Charing-cross , wh « re the proclamation was read for the second time by Norroy King of Arms , " looking towards Whitehall , " in conformity with ancient precedent , the spectacle really became striking , on acconnt , not of the personages who came to be seen and heard , but of the throngs who were there to witness them . The Trafalgar-square district was occupied by one of those dense moving masses which seem , only possible on the supposition that an entire capital has turned itself out of doors . A similar throng collected itself at the eastern end

    far as Ancona . Aa for Monaco , Count Cavour declares that Sardinia is ready to withdraw tho fifty men who occupy Mcnton , if the Prince is in a condition to return to the country without exposing himself to the most sorious dangers . Besides , he does not consider that Sardinia can bo accused of having contributed to tho overthrow of tho anciont government , in order to occupy those states , since tho Prince has not . beon able to maintain his authority In the single town of Monaco , which Sardinia occupied in 1848 in virtue to tho treaties . "

    of the Strand to witness the arrival of the procession at Temple-bar . The closing of the ancient City gates upon the western visitors gave a peculiar zest to this part of the ceremony . One can ' t bo on both aides of the gate at once , but we believe that the interchange of civilities between tho intruders from the west and th « jealous guardians of the east is in this fashion : —Junior Pursuivant , after three soundings of the trumpet , gives three knocks , upon which the City Marshal asks " Who cornea there ? " Tho Pursuivant now explains that he and his companions are ' officers of arms' come to publish her Majesty's " Proclamation of Peace . " Tho cautious guardians of the gate then admit the Pursuivant alone , who presents the Queen ' s warrant to the Lord Mayor . When this document has been road , and the Lord Mayor has authorised the opening of tho gates , the Pursuivant is conducted baok to the gates by the City Marshal , Who courteously tolls him that they are no longer closed .

    The discussion having ended , Count Walewski observed that its results were" 1 . That no one has contested the necessity of seriously deliberating aa to tho means for improving tho situation of Greece , and that the three protecting courts have recognised tho importance of coming to an understanding among thorn selves in this respect . " 2 . That tho plenipotentiaries of Austria have acceded to tho wish expressed by tho plenipotentiaries of Franco for tho evacuation of tho Pontifical States by tho French and Austrian troops , as soon as it can bo effected without prejudice to tho tranquillity of tho country and to tho consolidation of tho authority of tho Holy See .

    Proclamation was also made at Wood-street , Chenpaide ( where tho Cheapsido Cross formerly stood ) , and at the Royal Exchange . The orowda at both these points were very large ; but no preparations in tho . way of platforms , banners , and seats at extravagant prices , had been made . Nevertheless , theTiolidaV feeling was perfect .

    " 8 . That tho greater part of tho plenipotentiaries have not questioned tho good effect which would result from measures of cleinonoy , opportunely adopted by the go-

    Untitled Article

    liEaLY & > 3 B 56 ] TH 3 B LEAB 1 E , 415

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), May 3, 1856, page 415, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2139/page/7/