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Leader (1850-1860), 31st May 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 513, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      titttyi jI ' S *? ? * 4 they Italian patriot ^ 'Agitate , agitate , ardently , incessantly ^ ; nntU'oar object be gained—until Italy flbJ ^ becomejOne and independent . ' I have every cOTfideoce inat tfee ^ wampntese Governtaent will be with . u& -And that confidence is increased by recent events , if | $ « i . deceived , it will be a great misfortune ; but , eventhen , the ' National Italian ' party should not deswf from i * * bours * 9 ' y case » * nd in any event , and until Italy become independent arid one , Italians , all-yon "yfbo love yxmrtjative land , listen 'to the word wrfuch comes to you from the exile— ' Agitate , agitate !' ¦¦ - -v , ., " MAN 1 N . "

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      THE ESCAPE OF FELICE ORSINI . T \ v 6 'ieit ! PTs ! by Signor Fdlce Orsini have been published : one to Rf . Mauroner , director of the Corriert Ttgliano in Vienna , dated April 17 ; the other , dated May 526 , to a '' friend . The letter to the Austrian director supposes that functionary'to ' have his pen in hand , ready . to write the announcement , " Felice 6 fpini has been hanged in Mantua for the crime of high treason . " This letter implies that M . Maufoner and one Moses Fbrmiggini were the persons who denounced Signor Orsini . Formiggini has been ^ i . a year corifined in a madhouse at Vienna . S 3 & 6 ' r Orsini boW his prison patiently ; but now he rays he is firee , '' in full possession of all his forces , and ready to avenge himself on those wretched peistnis who past ^ him into trouble . " The letter to the friend relates the manner of Orsini ' s escape . He writes : — -

      rt Oh the 25 th of March , I was sent , in charge of two gendarmes and a superior police-officer , to Mantua , where l yras again examined by Baron Sanches . I then learnt tfc ^ t the documents relating to the political mission I hajj fulfilled in 31 ilan in 1854 had fallen into the hands of , the Austrian , ( jroyernment when the Milanese committee was arrested , and that I was doomed to die on the scaffold . . In Mantua I was examined at least twenty tffi «* " '' . '¦ ' , . :, ' v On reaching Mantua , we stopped in the large courty ^ d of the cattle of St . Georgio . On each of the four sides is a tower , and $ » e castle is surrounded by a ditch

      apyen or eight yards wide and six deep . On . the side ne . ' tae bndge of St . .. Gebrgio' is an arched way passing uader . th ' e street * w ' jiich leads from the bridge . to the city . 6 ^ m eans of "tnb ^ ca ^ e , wjien the waters of the lake are jhjgh / the ditch ' round , the castle is . filled with water . Tne ' wnole is strongly guarded on all sides by a large detaebinent o £ . troops j With artillery .. At the time of my escape , ^ orders " , w . ere , £ * y ; $ a that all ingress and egress should , be FprbiddVn ^ betwejea tb , e hours of eight p . m . and w&t ? : ; ^ , Zi- . ;¦; . - ' ; v * .: ¦ ¦ ¦ :. . : ¦ : ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ' . ¦ :. ¦' v Af&sgr detailing the extr ^ p ? fi . jyrec ^ utions which . the fi ^ eis , tpofc tOfpi 3 e . vent ; £ pq 8 pej- ; Qr « mi , prQfieed $ : ' —

      -yM About the end-cof January , I ^ waa put into cell No . 4 , tiiawarst in the castlej and I almost despaired of ever Being abio-toeacape fronvit ^ 'the . window was more than t > iD yar ^ s firora the groond , land to -work at it I wa * abUfeed to stand on tho back of my chair . ¦ ¦ The rowa > of iron bars , were a ; yard apart , the outside grating being 1-tfcOth * rfi thejidiatance beyond .. The bars were © x > - tremely thick , especially the . inside ones , and the height from ; tHe window to the level-of : .-the ditch was thirty 33 aurd 8 <«—I myself meastnredit witha string * , - V / MoC ^ uld not work At night , because the noisVj of the a » wi * thoug h , very slight , - would have been heard by the sentinel ,, who , after the holfopast nino o'clock visit , came ¦

      eviery fiva . minutes to the door ; . ¦ I worked therefore m to * ( dajttiine ; / and ray'tear hadibecome ao accustomed to tb « latop of * he sentinel , that before he opened the door talWays contrived . to get downjand put my chair in its place , andsometimea 1 would . be walking up and down humming . I covered ov « r the marks of my work with ttfiek-powdetf mixed with / Mack wait and bread ., By thad rvrorking in tho daytime in the intervals ' of " the YJrf £ a , iu twenty-four 'dayti > I had cut away sfcven of the ontflide Stars ond 4 no of the inside ono-v where they woro Qje e ^^ to the wall , and from the wall I had extracted eight bricks , which I hid in the straw of my mnttresa . Aa&xr the toord , I had thought - of that before . On the 1 st of February I kept back , without their knowing , the ahefct * ithat Pought to have sent away to the wash , and

      on the Jat of March I kept back the towels , whjcu were a ? Woe as the sheets and a little longer , and by cutting tUesil j jat £ v » trins J was able , on the 27 th of March , to ttakd ' my cord , fastening it with sailor ' s knots . " At ' qinb o'clock da the evening of the 29 th , at the uajuTy&it ' froraT the ., C » P ° qustode , I protended to bo asjeepj but the raoiqjini they were gone , and while they were | A > mg the round of t » o other visits , and so making s&rao noise , I rapidly removed the iron bara I had cutraodo up % vro l ^ tlo bundles of necessary clothing—fastened £ he cord to one of the remaining bars , lot it down * uf 'its' Imgth , hid th « tm ' ra I had removed in the atraw , and ^ thqn Jay atfty Again till the second visit at half-past one oWpk . I again pretended to bo aalocp , and the inapuit th « y ' were Vone I rose , and < mite calmly proceeded ty tot mys « lf down by tlus cord . When within nix feet flrojqi the ground , 1 felt I could no longer sustain myself . I Upoked at ' the depth bolow mo , and lot myself drop . A BOiftpf swoon came over mo . I , however , moistened my mouth with an orange I had had tho precaution to take upon me , and lay for oomo momen ts quiot , to rocovor

      myself . I then dressed myself and wandered round and round the castle , seeking some means to get o , ut of the ditch , but I hod so hurt my foot in the fall that I could , scarcely Tvalk . I hoped to escape from the ditch into the lake , but the entrance to the lake . was barred by a grating . I then endeavoured , with the help of two nails , to scale the wall of the ditch , about six feet high , and had almost reached the top when the foot I had hurt failed me , and I fell to the bottom . Fortunately there had lately been a little water in the ditch , and the soft mud prevented tfie sentinels hearing the noise of my fall . I remained there in the dread of being

      retaken till five o ' clock in the morning , when the city gates were opened , and then some people went by . I called to them , saying that the night before I had been drunk and fallen into the ditch , and begged them to help me out . Some refused , but at last some bolder ones helped me , and I was dragged out with much difficulty , as I could scarcely help myseji " . My hands were cut in many places . I was very lame , and covered with the mud of the ditch above the waist , yet in that condition I had to cross the bridge within gun-shot of the castle . What happened after that , L must not telL In eight days I was in Switzerland , and able for the first time to attend to my foot . " .,

      Untitled Article

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . FKANCE . The funeral of M . Augustin Thierry took place last Saturday . The body was first conveyed to the church of St . Sulpice , and was accompanied by the most eminent men in Paris connected with ; literature and art . A detachment of National Guards escorted the funeral car . The ; chief mourner was M . Ame"dee Thierry , brother of thei deceased . The corners of the pall were borne by MM . Naudet , Mignet , Ary . Scheflfer ,-and Laboulaye . Amongst the crowd of notabilities who followed the body of the deceased to the grave were MM . Fortoul , Minister of Public Instruction , De Salvandy , De ^ Tocqueville , De Vigny , &c . The body was afterwards carried to the cemetery Montmartre , where several addresses were delivered over the grave .

      Some works of art brought as trophies of victory from Sebastopol have just been placed on the terrace of the Tuileries bordering the river . They are composed of two sphinxes ,-in marble , of a large size , and the pediment of a . building , the centre of which is formed by the double-headed eagle ; whilst on the right and left are prows of ships and naval instruments . In the course , of last December , five copies of the revolutionary manifesto . signed by Kossu ^ b , . Mazzini , and Ledru Rollin , were seized at the Paris post-office . They had been , Bent from Brussels , and it . was ascertained that the person who transmitted them was M- Gustave Jules Joimlan , a barrister and ultra-Republican , who , after the , coup d ' etat , was sentenced to transportation for in the

      having been concerned in the insurrection Basses-Alpes . He escaped , and lived in exile iintil the early part of last month , when he returned , to France , and being recognized , was arrested in the department of the Odte d'Or- His wife ' s residence in Paris was searched , and the police allege that they , fquntf there a letter addressed by $ he capttve to Madame Jpurdan , begging her to solicit hi 3 ; pardon from the Emperor , though not wijth too much anxiety , lest he should be compromised with his party . M . Jourdan admitted that he sent the five copies of the manifesto , and he has been sentenced to four years' imprisonment and a fine of , five tliousand fr , ancs . It has been discovered that several copies of the manifesto have been sent from Brussels , cleverly packqd in the interior of a large lobster ! of

      The circular note forwarded to the representative the King of Naples in Paris , is couched in such strong terms against the manner in which M . Cavour spoke at the Conferences > n the name of Italy , and against the pretensions of tho Congress to discuss the question when there was no Plenipotentiary from that Government , tha ^ . M lAntonini has not presented it . —Times Paris Corrqappndent ' The Prefect of the Moselle has suspended the municipal council of the commune of Valmpnt on tho ground th / it , " by » ti » hostile attitude towards the Mayor , its illegal ineetings , ami its obstinate meddling with rnattcra beyond its jurisdiction , it has produced divisions among the inhabitants ? , thrown the entire commiino into a state of troubleand endangered public tranquillity . "

      , A considerable number of foreign cattle has already arrived in Paris for tho great show , which will be oponed on Juno 1 . The Austrian and Swiss specimens were among the first arrivals . 'the separate treaty of the 15 th of . April , guaranteeing the independence of Turkey , ia na ^ to "avo been domaiulod by tho Austrian and English Plenipotentiaries . It is stated that Count OrlofJF was only informed of what was about to bo done on tho night before the document was to be signed j that he then obtained the knowledge privately from London ; and that on tho following day , after the signing , ho was officially informed . The question of tho limitation of the Uessarabian frontier will notit ia thoughtbo arranged without difficulty .

      , , The Momma Post Paris correspondent announced that tho 600 , 000 uubscriptiona got up among the lower orders of Paris , for tho purpose of " presenting tho jMnproBB and th « Prince Imperial with a sum of money , as

      a token of gratitude and devotion " , " are to ' be dedicated to the poor . ' Even the Napoleonic Mr . Jenkins admits that the subscriptions have " . g iven rise to much satirical comment . " , The committee of the Legislative Body entrusted with the examination of the supplementary budget of the year . 1856 , comprising the extraordinary credits , has completed its labours . The total amount of this credit is 1 , 500 , 000 , 000 ' fr ., comprising l , 20 O , OOO , OOOfr . for the expenses of the war .

      AtTSTMA . It is not yet definitively settled ( says the Times Vienna correspondent ) what part of the Gallician line of railway is to fall to the share of the Gallician nobles ; but it is likely that they will have it from Myslowitz to Cracow , Bochnia , Tarnow , Dembica , Rzeszow , Lemberg , CzernOwitz , and Suczawa . There is also to be a branch line from Lemberg to Brody , on the Russian frontier . As the Berlin-Breslau Railroad goes to Myslowitz , a direct communication will be opened between the eastern extremity of Gallicia and Prussia ; from Cracow there is a railroad to Warsaw and St . Petersburg , and the Russians intend to construct a railway from Moscow and KlefF to Brody . It is also thought of carr y ing the Gallician Railroad from Czernowitz and Suczawa to Jassy and Galatz .

      Baron " Werner , the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , has left Styria for Rome , or , at any rate , for some part of Italy . The object of his journey is avowedly merely for change of air ; but it is thought that he is charged with some mission to the Papal Government with respect to ecclesiastical matters . M . de Walewski , brother of the French Premier , has passed through Vienna on a mission from France to the Pope , which is said to be connected with the reforms recommended by France to the Pontifical Government . The nature of these reforms has not been stated ; but the wishes of Austria are stated to be : —I . A change in the system of public instruction . 2 . A radical reform in the administration of justice . 3 . Troops to be raised in the country ., 4 . Construction of the projected railroads , and incitement to commercial enterprise on the part of the Government .

      The Corriere ltaliano ( a semi-official organ of a part of the Vienna cabinet ) contains in a recent number a virulent article against Sardinia , in the course of which it remarks : —" The days of Davids and prodigies are past ; children cannot overthrow grown men ; buttle most rObust man , wearied by the continued vexations and molestations of the weak , may forget the usages of generosity , and be inducea to inflict on the petulant boy such a correction as he will remember for a long time . "" The Berlin cabinet has authorised its representative In Turin ( the Baron Brassier de St . Simon ) to assure the Sardinian Government that Prussia will preserve a strict neutrality on the Italian'question * , and will not subscribe to any treaty or convention the object of which is the maintenance of Austria in'Italy . ' , " . ' .

      The widow of Count Loui 3 Battbyani , who Was executed at Peath after the Hungarian war of independr ence , has not yet received a farthing of her jointure from the Austrian Government , which confiscated her husband ' s estates ; and the widows and wives of' Other political offenders are in exactly the Same position . The official Weiner Zeitung has an article explaining the reasons of the Austrian Government for joining with England and France in the separate Treaty of the 15 th of April . The writer calls attention to the fact that , during the Vienna Conferences ; the Russian Plenipotentiaries declined to take any share in a guarantee for the independence of Turkey . The introduction of any clause to this effect into the fundamental conditions of peace would , therefore , have rendered it extremely difficult to bring matters to a satisfactory termination .

      But , without such a guarantee , the peace of Europe might again be disturbed . Iri face of its former declarations , Russia could , not bo asked to share in the * proposed treaty , neither could Prussia , because she had already announced her resolution not to enter into any obligation which could at a future time interfere with her perfect freedom of actfbti . " We are in a position to affirm , " concludes the writor , " th . it there are no secret articles whatever to the Treaty of the 15 th tit April of this year . We cherish tho firm persuasion that , although the Treaty in question secures the prolonged union of Austria , England , and France , on the principles of law and justice , it in no way interferes with the moalj intimate federal relations with Prussia and the other German States , ndr prevents the complete ro-establishment of sincere , friendly , and neighbourly relations with

      Russia . " Tho Ministerial Oesterreichitche Correspondent lias an article ( auppoaed to emanate from the Foreign-office ) denying tho right of Sardinia to spfiftk in the name 6 f Italy , and assorting that Austria , " true to her principle regard for the independence of all sovereign ties "—has never intervened in Italy " except in tho moat diBlritcreated manner ; " that ahe ia " ready to give her approval to nil advantugeous changes which may emanate from tho free and enlightened will of the Italian Governments ; " that she desires to b » able to withdraw her troops ; but that aho will roalat revolution . rniJHirtA . The Emperor of Russia ia expected in Berlin . Count NcsBolrodo and Prince Woronzoff arc alao expected , to arrive .

      Untitled Article

      MA ^ TO ^ EftSy TTMIE i X . EA 33 0 &B ; 513

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), May 31, 1856, page 513, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2143/page/9/