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protection of this or that family of Boyards , or aspirants to power . Ignorant of the great changes impending , yet desirous of taking part in them , they spent their long leisure in organizing hunts after the British fashion , and formed thus a claim to the name of Reformers . As for our consul in partibtis , as our honorary agent at Iassy is called , he cannot give himself up to these innocent pleasures , for his age and infirmities for more than ten years past hare caused him to abandon them , as well as work of every kind . Most remarkable of all , however , the
panubian public finds our agents mixed up in . all the Boyard coteries , and might not be disinclined , in consequence , to believe tliat they share in the profits which are made by the abuses of the country . The result is , that we have lost the legitimate influence we were entitled to possess in the rich countries of the Lower Danube at the very time when it was of most importance that we should preserve it , and where , had we been properly represented , it would have been increased ; for the Roumana had , from the first , turned towards England for sympathy .
At the outbreak of the war something was said of an inquiry into our consular system , but little has since been heard of the subject . No doubt Lord EaijMehston , who intends to remain a long time in power , is in no hurry to introduce the necessary reforms in the various branches of our public service . It is not so with the English people . We may therefore very properly express a hope that some one will be found in Parliament to call attention to this important subject , and that something more than repartee may be demanded of our dexterous Premier .
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GO TO—BATH ! "We may anticipate a Bath Book of Sports . The Western City of Pleasure has repented ifc of its sins , and the children of the Union Schools are the scapegoats turned into the wilderness to atone for the levities of the Pump-room , and the other profane recreations of 3 £ ing Bjladtjd and his visitors . The illustration in point is this : —Mr . Chute , the lessee of the Bath Theatre , a gentleman
very much respected by the residents , invited the Chairman of the Board of Guardians to send all the children of the Union Schools to a day performance of liia pantomime . The Chairman , Mr . J . W . Bush , accepted the offer , subject to the approval of the Guardians . To the Guardians , therefore , the question was submitted . What did those gentlemen say ? They protested against an act which " would lead the children into the
paths of disgrace and shame "—the disgrace of innocent enjoyment , the shame of holiday laughter . These were the words of the Reverend Mx . NEWJraAM . Then rose Mr . Cot-TERELii , by profession a " Friend , " and then Mr . DAiiLAWAT , whose ignominious nonsense amounted to a libel on . the Bath Theatre and its lessee . The result was , aa the Bath
Journal says , " a sudden , sad , and vexatious disappointment" to the children ; in . other words , a cold Bath , —at this inclement season , too . Mr . Chute was rebuked for hiB generous proposal , and Bath was saved from the " disgrace and shame" of a merry day among the children of the poor . The pupils are the victims of the guardians ; but the guardians are the pupils of society , which sanctifies the bigot
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ment , whose conduct was thus arraigned . That deficiency is now supplied . The Persian Government have put forth their counter-statement , and in so doing have pronounced their own condemnation . According to the official organ , the Teheran Gazette , the rupture with Mr . Murray was caused by the British Minister extending the protection of the national flag to all the servants of the Em-J- * nocjTT a 1 x 01-1 i ~ n ¦ fYi / ' ^ c / i iti / lirt mi nrK-f V * o c * v /* ol enliionfo bUU JVbM
% J \ AiJ * JJ y V /> VU WV UliWUW U ** V u ^ J- * JV . UUMIVUUU of his Majesty the Shah . " In like manner , when Mr . M'NEiiiL , in ' 1837-38 , demanded a fitting reparation for the insult offered to his country in the gross outrages committed on the person of bis groom , by the sanction and in the presence of tlSi Prime Minister , the " Persian Government asserted their right to seize , jyimish , or put to death , without reference to the British Minister , the Persian servants in his employment . ' * But such pretensions are so completely at variance with the spirit and letter of international law , that they are unworthy of a serious refutation .
Mr . Murray is further charged j ^ ith mixing liim self up " with , the (?) intrigues relating to Afghanistan in general , and to Herat in particular , " contrary to the stipulation prohibiting the interference of the British . Government " in Persian , and Affghan affairs , except as a mediator yiththe consent of both parties . " Eor this stipulation we are referred to three treaties , said to haye been concluded between the two Cabinets . First , in 1809 , with Sir Hartord Jones ; second , in 1812 , . with Mr . Crosle y ; and third , in 1814 , with Mr . Ellis . Now , in the firstnamed treaty , there does exist an article to that effect , but it immediately precedes one . couched in the following terms : —
of the Ameer at Calcutta , nor has the Indian O ^ vernment in any way interfered with the internal affairs of the Affghan kingdom since the return of iX armies of retribution . But Lad it even been otherwise —were it meontestably proved that it was at "their , stigation" of the perfidious English that Dost Ma * homed reduced Candahar to a state of -peaceful submission—in what manner can that movement be construed into a menace against Herat ? No less urgent an emergency than the violation of * the Hera ? territories could justify tie entry of the Persian troops ; and , as already shown , with the removal of the offence the defensive measure -was bound to be simultaneouslwithdrawn
y . Dost Mahomed did not invade Herat , but the Persians even captured that city by force of arms , and against the will of its inhabitants . In contravention of existing treaties the Court of Teheran noiv declares Herat to be Persian soil , just as on tlie former occasion it declared that " the rightful dominions of the Shah extended to Ghuzni . " Under the Saffarean dynasty * both Herat and Candahar -were conquered provinces of the " king of kings ; " and in the reign of Queen Mary Calais was a possession of t 3 ie British Crown . When the sovereigns of England Reassert their claims to the throne of Prance , it " will be lawful for the Shah to enforce his . sovereign rights over the Affghan cities . In the meantime his Majesty's Ministers , and their un-English advocates in this
country , will do well to invent a move plausible excuse for the invasion of Afghanistan than a pretended menace on the part of Dost Mahomed against a pett y principality which the Shah was pledged , indeed , to protect , ' but not to conquer and oppress . The friendly remonstrances of the Britis h Government have been met by insolence and de rision , its representative subjected to repeated insults , and ft heavy blow aimed at the foundation of the barriers of its Indian empire . To remain tranquil under such affronts would letoken a pusillanimity as yet unknown to the British character , and might be fraught witli pernicious consequences to the maintenance-- of our moral influence in the East .
u VIII . It is acknowledged the intent and meaning of these preliminary articles are defensive . And it is likewise agreed , that as long as these preliminary articles remain in force , his Majesty the King of Persia shall not enter into any engagement inimical to his Britannic Majesty , or pregnant with injury or disadvantage to the British territories in India . " In 1812 no treaty whatever was concluded between the two Cabinets . Certain articles , indeed , were drawn up and signed by Sir Gore Ousele y ,
Mahomed Shefi , and Mahomed Hassatst , but they were not ratified by the British Government . The definitive treaty , however , negotiated by Mr . Henry Ellis , in 1814 , among the " happy leaves " of " a nosegay plucked from the thornless Garden of Concord , " does certainly contain that most absurd and injudicious stipulation . But tlie general tenor of that treaty was so utterly untenable , that , only a few months afterwards , two important articles were annulled for a pecuniary consideration , aud the whole was set aside in 1838 in consequence of the
embroilment between the two Governments . It is of more importance to examine how far the articles of agreement concluded in 1853 between the British Plenipotentiary and the Persian Prime Minister justify the interposition of this country ia defence of Herat . By that document the Persian Government relinquished all claims to the sovereignty of Herat , and engaged to abstain from all interference whatsoever in the internal affairs of that free and independent city . It was only in the event of a hostile lorce invading the territories of Herat that the Persian Government was authorized to seiid troopa to maintain the integrity of those territories , and it pledged itself to withdraw this friendly and auxil iary force so soon as the invaders retired to their own
conntry . It is now alleged by the Court of Teheran that the case contemplated by these provisions had arrived whenDosTMAHOMED , on the death of his brother Kohundii , Khan , possessed himself of the town of Candahar . The Ameer , as the paramount authority in Afghanistan , was clearly justified in taking measures to prevent disturbances within the dominions subject ; to his suzerainty . Had lie exhibited less promptitude and energy , tho most terrible anarchy woidd nave ensued , and perhaps the entire kingdom might have been involved in tho horrors of a civil war . It is asserted , indeed , that he acted "by the advice and counsel" of the English , but not a single proof is adduced in support of tliia gratuitous assertion . There is neither a British Envoy at Cauhul , nor any accredited representative
COTJNTER-DECLAUATION OF PEUSIA . No one who has attentively perused tho proclamation of war issued by the Governor-General of India can have failed to entertain strong suspicions that a valid cause for hostilities had been furnished by the Court of Teheran . The only thing , indeed , wanting to a positive conviction was tho absence of any sort of explanation on tho part of the Govcm-
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160 THE LEADER , [ No . 360 , Saturday ¦ ' . ¦ ..-- ' - ¦¦ - ¦¦ ¦ ¦ I . . - ¦ _ ¦ . -- I . .- ¦ .. — ,.. — i ¦ .. _ .. ' -- ^ - ^ - ———^« - — - ^ tM ^ M ^^ tM ^ MMM ^ il ^ " ^ " ! " ™^——^ i^—i——^ M ^ M ^———^^^—^ - ^^———¦ — ' " — - _ *
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* Kaye'a War in Afghanistan , vol . i . p . 2 < 5 C . A new edition of this valuable work is now being published by Mr . Bontloy at a price that places it within reach of the moat modest library . Tlio firat volumo contains an animated description of tho former siege of Herat , with copies in extenso of tho treaties botweon tho British nnd Persian Governments , to which such frequent allusions have recently boon made ,
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Public Income and Expenditcrk . —The total income of the United Kingdom for the year ended the 30 th of September , 1856 , amounted to 71 , 348 , 066 / ., and th « total expenditure to 83 , 307 , 477 ? ., leaving a deficit of 16 , 959 , 411 V . The Customs yielded . 23 , 093 , 300 ? . ; the Excise , 17 , 861 , 777 ? . ; stamps , 7 , 180 , 041 ? . ; taxes , 3 , 100 , 026 ? . ; the income , or , as it is here called , the " Property-tax , " 15 , 940 , 3 . 30 ? . ; and the Post-office , 2 , 768 , 152 / . As regards the expenditure , 28 , 625 , 517 / . was appropriated to the charge of the public debt ; 1 , 750 , 321 ? . to the charges on the consolidated fund ( including the civil list salaries and courts of justice ) ; and 57 , 931 , 638 ? . to the supply services . Of these last the
army and ordnance cost tlie country 28 , 094 , 824 ? ., a sum equal to the interest of the debt ; the navy , 17 , 608 , 995 / . ; the vote of credit ( war with Russia } , 1 , 410 , 000 ? . ; miscellaneous civil services , € , 693 , 172 ? . ; and the salaried of revenue departments , 4 , 124 , G 4 C ? . The balances of public money in the Exchequer on the 30 th of September , amounted to 7 , 084 , 743 ? . In the year ended the 31 st of December last , the income was 72 , 218 , 988 ? ., and the expenditure 82 , 323 , 400 ? ., leaving a deficit of 10 , 104 , 412 ? ., or less by 600 , 000 ? . thaii at the end of the preceding quarter . Tho produce of the income-tax for the year was 16 , 028 , 42 \ l . The balances of public monoy at the end of the year amounted to the sum total of 6 , 942 , 427 ? . —Times .
I 1 ea . lt n ov London , —The deaths registered in London , which had been in the first week of January 1135 , and in the last week of the same month 1201 ) , rose in tho week that ended last Saturday to 1368 . In the years 1847-56 , the average number of d eaths in the weeks corresponding with , last ¦ week was 1180 . If tins average is raised for the purpose of comparison proportionally to increase of population , it will become 1298 ; and hence it appears th at the rate of mortality vhich prevailed last week was higher than tho average rate m the beginning of February . —Last week , births of 976 boys and 915 girls , in all 1891 children , were registered In London . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1847-5 C , tho average number was 162 G . — From the Registrar-GeneraV s Weekly Return .
Ricsistanci ! : to tub Xivkui'ool Town Pmw . —One of tho most important questions in connexion with tlw imposition of the Liverpool town dues ia the legal nght of tho corporation to oxact dues from vcssols which , though passing up tho river , make no uao of tho Liverpool Docks . This particularly affects the ; small port o Garston , about four miles up the river , on the Liverpool sido . There is alrondy a commodious dock , with direct railway communication ( St . Helm ' s ltuilway ) , and vessels of largo bunion can bo received there . The question of right to levy dues on-vesseLs trading thero and not call * ing at Liverpool is about to he tried , Messrs . Pcndor , ot Manchester , liaving given notice to tlio corporation officials of their intention to despatch a vessel , wl » « has loaded at Garston , -without , paving tU <> lOWtt uWQ 3 '
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 14, 1857, page 160, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2180/page/16/
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