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Leader (1850-1860), 10th October 1857, Edition 1 of 2, Page 976

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      wich / yr } dle xiding off JfeidUngton , was . so ipettp , th % t i ^ r . ^ ofilvQr . pjjll § cr ouCher 3 > q 9 s , ijaupwig flier to ^ uiic , and Tier mvfbrtwnate crew qf ' Jpur hattde to perish ; Another instance 13 given ; - » On the- ^ 8 tb of . *• M a ^ last , a SflialL sfcfeqonter , Icnowii to ' W ; t ^ s £ gwor £ hy , yrbnt ( S pieces off Aberdoyey , pn . the coast of Wales , before * there waa time , foy , any aid to r ^ ach the cre ^ r . "What , of our emigrant

      vessels and merchantmen ? . Of this class we shall speak -presently . May we not presume that if a thorough investigation was or&erecl to be toaiJe ^ that more , specimens of uriseawottihy vessel ! would' be found even in addition to the large ntitnbe * stated in the Blister to have b&en abandoned , or to hare founderediroin this cause ?

      The valuable chart which accompanies Gaptain Washinotok ' b statistics of wrecks , is dotted -ovei ? > with small black marks . Tliese marks / indicate the spot where ships have .-gone . downj : and they cluster in more or less density , along . the whole extent of our _ sea-coast . Where , however , they gather , in , greatest profusion it is proposed tliat ^ airljgurs :, ofr refuge shall be built , and eirly next session Parliament will be applie ^ to to give its sanction > to the canr struction ... © £ one on the . north .-east coast

      ^ f . ^ p P ^^ d . ; one . on ; the norfcteast ; coast , and ; a / thirS on the . west coast ,.,, of , EnglSHcl . ' ^ The r ^ tiirpi from ^ vnich we quote also di ^ tmguislieSi ; tKe forbe > £ the / wind at the time of ' each disstst ^ ri so "that staticians can easily arrive at an estimate of the . number of vessels , l ^ st ; ' Tiy the violence ) q £ j&e' elements !^ 05 feojn jiegiect on , tfte part . p ^ ithe cre . w , ? from unBeaTVorfehiness ^ or ; from other vei ? age't > f losses occasioned' W ^ MMptiP We ndw add . a list of

      tyf greeks ; #£ 4 C 3 sualtres , ras 9 igniiig to each the distinguishiHg ... cause - of ,-. ; destruction : Itrom str ^ sv ^ f .-weather i 148- ; abandoned from imseartfoft Wffess , 17 ; foundered from the ; same ) caude , 'ST ; Want of ligKts or buoys okl coasts or shpsla , ; 1 X ); mistaking lights ; or bearings ^ 10 jfog . or current , 38 ; -defective Compasses , 5-defective charts , 3 5 error in e 6 virse of" rfecfcjoiiinj ^ 6 ; error in judgment ^ I 2 ; igngjraticje ' pf coast , 3 ; errors ; of pilots , 7 ; ¦ svant o £ ; pik > ts ^ 3 j neglect of : lead , 21 - want

      of TX » ution ,. wl / J . ^ :.. intemperance , 2 9 general negligence , & f . mi 8 sing stays , ; 10 ; ' striking on sunken vrrecks , 1 ; bunit , 4 | cdpsized or sunk , 4 ; cause unknown , 7 ^—total , 369 . It must be observed that . this is , a list , of wrecks and casualties iuvolving' £ ofc ^ l loss . ' ¦ ¦*¦¦' - M ^ MmfB = >^ we ftn-d that out of a' ^ al of 368 ,,, ip less . thau ^ O q&sea $£ shipw ^ cjk apcurpe . cl , thrpugh , } iuman ' , and , tlierefore , preventable . iCauBie ^ t auch as -ignorance , drunkenness , and uu ^ eaw ^ orthdness . - It might also be 1

      p * ovedi < jvitho ' ntt dimculty thatveesels- ^ it is sttptefl orie ^ iiv " everV ' nineJ ^ are retieatealy sacrftje ^^ frdia ^ aiiii 'p ? the" iife ' ce ^ ry' ^ omple : jpM $ MRft ^ ^ &mmm . v ^ kc w ^ V $ g } A , , W ? £ »< $ , % , bp , apppwte , ^ , st ) Aen „ we may apk 9 aomelpfli « er ; Autihprwpii , tQ ^ it every Vj-DB ^ el Jeja ^ ing ^ ort « to aaceutain . hen fitness * to put ^ f to sea . and . theAeffi 6 ienoy oftho cre Vr"by whiohalio < isTWannod ? ^ In oiir > list Wfe " fiad tlMtr S * 'Vfes-riei ^ * &unae . ret i . '' or Wejfe ' - abandoned diittng « hel > f 6 aX fl-ofo ! un ^ ea >' oiftn 5 hfess ; ijtow

      * $ *«« WOTg , > m i way ^^ tkp # w » g :, t ° , gp .. , PJfiWJIi ^¦ J lllftQliefttvOR ( , n , JittJeJ . fi ) ul . weathw , c ^^ a tuigt » p ^ i : ^ c « sioniftnd . aUirmin . thel ) r « aat 3 ofithofto * on . l ^ alSd' ? ' . ViThose 54 ivesBel »> lost fpohi vinaea ^ ortb inebfi ; " says' -t \ i& Hepdrt , " ¦ Vorin $ ' pelf cent . ' of 'the Whole da ^ ualtitss , ot I 7 i " ii 6 r ' ce ^ t : " ' totiil losse ^ . ' ' tnioter <) r » «^* wjs 'mm& * e m $ » W ui WMJ ( Wr XvVfaWffto . jj ^ MMW . wt . «^ 7 ** Wtytmi * hi $ htx « nd pow , it jh inndq clear tb * t , i , o ^ t , of , 8 © 8 T « Bsola totuliy loatia 1856 , no . lleaa tban 54 ( are officially affirmed > on itt » ) jii ' ;' ti .-.. 'i " inif . ' ,: ir \ f : < ¦)••¦ •* .. / ¦ m «¦; •• ¦ .:, ¦¦

      -a&irX-ifiLJ ^ unseawprlhy ^ _ 3 to . thia . is . jiqIl the whole truth /! -. ; . If we add to the list those lost or j stranded from defective compasses , defective charts , improper stowage of anchor , combustion of steam coal under hatclies , and want of proper ventilation , and through leakage , we shall have an increase of casualties of 117 , of Which 87 bel 6 ng to the last description of accidents . Now , though a ship will leak at sea from straining , the large number of 87 vessels on our coasts seems , to be too large for ? such a casualty , and must result from the weakness of its

      timbers and its general unseaworthiness . It may be imagined ihat the greatest number of wrecks take place during severe gales , or are occasioned by storm and hurricanei But such is not the fact . Out of 1153 ships wrecked , only 268 were lost in what is nautically called a whole gale storm , or hurricane , and only 121 by the conjoint agency of the last two . The Register , from which we have largely drawn for our figures ,-is greatly facilitating the discussion of this-important subject—a subject

      peculiarly interesting to Englishmen . It is something to have arrived at a classification of the causes of the shipwrecks which occur annually along our coasts ; since by this steps may be taken by the authority of Parliament for enforcing a stricter surveillance over the condition of the vessels that put to sea , the efficiency of th . e crews by whom they are manned , and the capacity and trustworthiness of the commander to whose knowledge and discretion the lives of so many human beings are eonstantlv confided .

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      RICE-EA / TERS AND WATER-DRINKERS . "Wjb beg pur abstinent contemporaries not to believe that we propose to civilize the Hindoos or Mohammedans with beef and brand y . They , give up , we find , the notion that water has . * saintly effects / and we are glad of it . Some of their lecturers are not so philosophical . But we are sorry to find them sympathizing with the Sepoy who is trying , they say , ' to free his land from the yoke of the Btrauger . ' A polite writer in the Weekly Record says , that had we read the letters from India , we should have found . that the riceeaters and water - drinkers alluded to * are not meelc and saintly , ' bub ' murderous villains , ' 'given to the use of stimulants . ' Had he , honoured us by a closer , attention to , our remarks .,, l > e would . have observed that this is exactly what we said : ' These , warriors take opium to inflame their courage ; 'again : ' * We have-no intention of arguing that' he ( the Mohammedan ) would haVeJbeen a . liess brutal edward had he fed on flesh , and intoxicated himself with brandy instead of T > haii £ . " So

      that ' , 'tTbe' ' . facts' ^ re precisely as we stated j |) ie ' m . " . , j $ rb . wijie , no / br ^ iidy , ' * wcpr 4 ing ^ p la-vr ; bhang and oi > ium according . ! to custom , la there not a little opium-eating among the total abstainers at home ? Oladly : would we hear an honest ' "No : ' But ive mu ^ t keep our contemporaries' to . ' a fair Jino of argiiment . We' did not say vegetarianism and wateiv drinUipg maice ^ men . worse : we- aaked ^' does it xja ^ ke . tiiem Jbett ^ r . ? ,., "" '' ' " l ;

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      1 > trrit Ac 8 TttAi > iAwE 3 t ^ rx > HAntoiT . i- "A . n extract from iH Tepbirt , dated July 8 tb , » from tho ¦ ABsfsfcant' -Surveyor-Grenoralof South Australia , tiith respcoi' to" » necent O 3 tp « dition into tho » orth « i / n diritrlcts of tho colony , has > b « en published iutlio daily p ^ pcra . " It hiis roforence c ^ fiftyfto jthfl . pfoservfttioiuj . flf tha explorora in connexion ' . Wrt MV | To ^ ei ) s , TrlMjch . jo situated in , latitude < 2 » deg . 18 ipiq ., ^ nd tho Wfttera ^ f winch arc described as ¦ ' unirnstakabl y fresh . ' Tho > r > top states : ~ " From tho Aj > ot whcro mv obflervationa wore-taken , the lake stretched from ittlfa ' en iofvfcnty milea to tho north-went , Uniting a ^ t *^ lidtizoh" extending from north' -woat by j ' weat to north-vrtist ; the' south portion terminated by I high land runniiig soiith towards Woathotcd' -hill , kt y I' " ' ¦!'' . ¦ " . > I 1 ' '" ¦! ' 1 •¦ ¦ ' .. / .. I .. ; . ¦ I •¦ •¦ , 11 V . .

      Pnce _ ex i 9 inia £ . JJUe . < cattsfi _ t > £ . J ; U& _ tarious . creaks Undino . so much to * he eastward . An extensive bay is fotmpf inside Ijh ^ i ^ nonfto ^ tor ^ extending southward to weT northwest , ' -When' the"land agaia runs out to a point approaching apd passing us by a gentle curve to tha east , and inclining gradually to the southeast and ultirnately disappearing in the distance . The north , portion of the -horizon is terminated by a bluff headla nd round which t"he water appears to extend to the north ' This land passes thence to the . easjt , and forms the north boundary of the visible portion of the lake ; and from a higher elevation than that upon -which we stood an peared to extend round to the eastern wing . It [ Q covered with vegetation , as also are several islands seen between the north and south shores , apparentl y about five miles distant from where we stood , their perpendicular cliffs being clearly discerned by aid of the

      telescope . From the first I had-anticipated finding laro-e lakes of fresh , water at the termination of the various creeks , or one large lake into which a number of them discharged their waters ; but iti such I should have discovered flood lines , indicating the rise and fall of the waters , and , even supposing them to have attained theii maximum height , the vegetation on some portion of the surface inside the water ' s edge would have revealed this fact . But in this case there was an entire absence of such marks , the water's edge being clearly defined ; and the l > ed , changing its character so suddenly from an alluvial soil to blue loam , covered by an inch of fin « silt , renders it almost beyond the possibility of a doubt that the surface of the water is s ubject only to the most trifling variation of level , and the absence of deltas at the embouchures of the creeks tends to show that there

      13 no reacting force , but that the waters in times of flood flow uninterruptedly elsewhere , and I am inclined to believe in a generally north-west direction . " This Missionary Interest rar India . —A minute of the Church Missionary Society ' on the Indian mutiny in its connexion . with Christian missions , has been published . It attributes the mutiny ( as might be expected ) to the indignation of God at oar not having ' evangelized ' the Hindoos and Mahometans ; and , while it advocates toleration of all forms of religion in India , it contends that the British Government there should avow itself as a Christian Government ; that the moral law of England should be the moral law of India ; that the Bible should be used in the national schools , instead of being , as now , excluded ; and -that new and enlarged efforts should be made to send out missionaries to India . Several persons , it is stated , are ready to start . In the meanwhile , the Society have lost by the mutiny , to the best of their present knowledge , some 20 , 000 / . or 30 , 000 / . ; hut they do not urge the public to supply the want immediately , because they wish not to interfere with the relief fund . Cburch Matters . — -The Archbishop of Canterbury ' , on Monday morning , met' a large body of the clergy at the Canterbury cathedral , and delivered along address on the affairs of the Church . With respect to the Divorce Bill , he said he disagreed , among other things , with that part which gives the divorced persons liberty to claim again the rites of the murriage office ; but he believed that but few persons would be found to claim

      it . He rejoiced that the church-rate question was in tttxtu quo , as it had given time to show that only five ' parishes in every hundred were opposed -to the imposition . It would therefore be unjust , as well as unreasonable , to abolish the rates on the request of so small a number of persons . They should be enforced , however , -with tenderness , iand only for the absolute necessities of the Church . There had been but few perversions recently—a sabjecfc on which he congratulated his hearers ; but " he regretted to say that of late some disparagement had been cast upon the inspiration of tlie Holy Scriptures . Questions-had been raised in influential quarters concerning the Divine inspiration of that authority which for so many years had been unquestioned . If the clear statements of the New Testament were made amenable tb man ' s judgment—if their autliors could have erred or been misled—where would be the foundation of any of our Christian rites ? Tho subject was ' too Important to ¦ be discussed in a desultory manner ; but tb appeared to him that to doubt the inspiration of Scripture , or- to suppose that it contained anything not in accordance -with tho mind of God , vfas to te ' ttribate to tho Almighty a want of foresight which , riot to speak irreverently , could not even be expected in fallible mari : It was as if the inventor Of one of those

      wonderful and complicated machines which the science of ttieso latter days had contrived wore to deposit it in » 6 me distant lnnd f or so to artjuat it that persons might tamper with it to their Own destruction . To his i »> ni 1 H would-be less'difficult tdrttject tho Scripture altogether than to doubt tho in » p 3 rAtion of any part of it . His Grace , having next spoken of tlio increase ot churches and Buhotils in his diocese , a-dvertcd to tne extension of the episcopate . "" ' Since 1840 , nin eteen now boob liad been founded ; nnd this ho held to bo among the subjects which' the Ghurch had for congratulation . On the other hand , they had to deploro the spread of ttomiah principles nt » d of latitiulinnrian npeculation , together with the iiidiflfbrenco and demoralization of thei working eIaaneB and the desecration of tuo Lord's-day consequont on tho introduction , of railway 8 - Such b Christianity , according to Cantnar .

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      _ P _ Tg THE LEADE R . [ No . 394 ,, October 10 , ^ 8 ^ 7

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 10, 1857, page 976, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2213/page/16/