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Leader (1850-1860), 16th October 1858, Edition 1 of 2, Page 1104

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      prices driving Chinese tea out of the market , and causing' a large increase of native consumption . Mr . P . W . Wall , a mineral surveyor to , the Madras Government , has been examining the lead mines of Kurnool . He has found a good vein of ore at Kolkoontha , and traces of extensive mines at Qangapully . In the Sukumulla . hills he has found indications of copper in some quantity . ' Simla is gay . General Windham has arrived ; he has hired the mansion called Barnes Court . General Sir Robert Garrett was expected on the 14 th of August .

      war arid many local scenes . One benefit of photography in India will be to make the aspect of the country and local features known to many whom the enormous distances and slow travelling forbid from examining the objects illustrated .

      Nynee Tal is also busy . The rains have riot been so heavy , but the roads are not in good order . A new bathing-house is being built on the beautiful lake , and the dip in the clear cold water is delightful . Sixty more invalids have arrived and are stationed at Kalee Doonjee , a beautiful village built by Captain Glover , Executive Engineer , and which is described as most comfortable and picturesque . General Story lias become a large invester at Nynee Tal , having " bought most of the houses of Mr . G . C . "Wilson , B . C . S . It is considered it will be a good speculation when the railway comes nearer . The American Mission are setting up schools for native boys and girls ; altogether the settlement of Nynee Tal is busy and improving .

      At Mussoorie the rains have been as heavy as usual . In July thirty-two inches fell , and on the 11 th August two and a half inches . The settlement is very gay , many weddings taking place , archery meetings in vogue , and private theatricals in rehearsal . In Assam , the Meshmees have as usual givtMi trouble in the Xuckimpore district in the neighbourhood of Suddah , but have been beaten by some of the chief inhabitants , who are to be rewarded with grants of land . Cashmere is in a very bad state , Runbeer Sing ' s rule being unpropitious . The sooner the country is restored to England the better .

      We are glad to see the Fort of TurouT ^ beyond Siiraon , on the Ganges , is to be demolished . It is most scandalous that these forts have been allowed , which during the late mutiny stopped the passage of the rivers to our people . Only lately the Calcutta was fired upon . -Not one of the river or hill forts should be left . What was done in England and Ireland in the Parliamentary war , and in the Highlands after the , should be carried out through India . At Dacca the Indian Limited Liability Act is working . The Dacca Piiblic Roorris Company ( limited ) is fully subscribed , and the first instalment of 10 s . per share being levied . A Masonic Hall and an ice-house are projected . A skittleground has been built for the soldiers in the town , who are sadly in want of recreation . The Dacca Museum , which is now of some value , remains without a building provided by Government .

      In the schools of Mootoocherry , near Bangalore , there are now , we are sorry to say , 500 children , boys and girls , belonging to the 43 rd and the artillery . Bangalore is not a bad place , but we should like to see them in a hill school , as General Treinenheere has proposed . The attendance on the Grant Medical College at Bombay lias fallen off . It is said to be because the Hindoo students do not get Government appointment at once ! It is observed that the native doctors who won covenanted appointments were not sent by the Government into tho field during the mutiny , as they ought to have been , so that , if they run away , they might be cashiered . They have been preserved by the Government in Calcutta while Englishmen have had to bear the brunt .

      The famous marble platform and crystal block from the Delhi palace are packed up and on their way to England to join the Scone stone and other relics of the empire . Mr . T . P . Manual , an Indo- Portuguese , headmaster of the Mozufferpore school , and author of Selections from the Epics of Europe * has brought out a now work at Calcutta , in one volume octavo , The Ruby's / Smile ; or , a Tale of Woman ' s I / ate and Woman s Love . Price 4 s . In time we shall have some curious productions in poetry and romance marked by the distinctive peculiarities of the English mind . Huree JKeshewjeo , who translated the Pilgrim ' s

      Progress into Marallu , died lately in the Bombay Presidency . In a report on the asylums for the European insane at Bhowaniporo and Dullunda , Dr . Cantor states that Europeans are never coerced by native assistants , for he has discovered that English patients have a peculiar dread of force thus applied , and not unnaturally , for if unrestrained , horrid tortures would natives inflict ! Drunkenness is the great cause of insanity in India , but religious fanaticism Bonds many to the madhouse . His general conclusion is that madness is the result of djaeasp engendered by vice . One-third of the ' patients last year were sent to Europe . , ' The yearly photographic exhibition ia now open in Calcutta , There are some views of the seat of

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      RESTRICTIONS ON THE CIVIL SERVICE . Some attention lias been given in India and at home to the prejudicial effect of the restrictions which prevent the civilian from investing his money in land , zemindarees , factories , tea , coal , or lime , even in the district in which he holds office , and the Indian press has taken the subject in hand . With a larger and more independent English public , with a more independent press , with rapid home communication , and ¦ with a simplified and energetic Government , there is no fear of the civilians , as a body , being able to abuse their position , though there may be individual instances , even in such a body , of injudicious proceedings , in which , however , there are checks enough . Formerly , the condition of the civilian was very different ; he was not shifted about as he now is from post to post every few month ? , he remained longer in a district , his power was really more absolute , and he was in many cases an unmarried man , with native concubines about him , and a horde of their relations ; whereas , now , the civilians—and it is a complaint against them that they are less rooted in native associations—marry early , and marry English wives . Now they have the charge brought against them that they have no stake in the country , nothing but their a ?} iour propre and esprit lie corjis to consult , and that there is rio danger of their trying political experiments , regardless of the consequences .

      from many small details , and by consigning these to the local authorities , carrying out , in fact , that-experime nt of government in the Punjab which leaves the initiation of measures and the administration to the local author ' ties , and reserves the supervision for the superior Govern " merits . Thus , though the check may sometimes he imJ posed after the harm is done , it is better that it should be so than that good should be impeded by interference- and it will be found in the majority of cases that the power of veto of the Governments can be so exercised durhi" - the initiation of measures , or after their adoption , tlm ^ any mischief can bo suspended . In Uengal , Madras and

      Bombay , however , the intermeddling and interference are continual and vexatious . Paper and stationen cannot be obtained in a vast province without a presidential decree , and it is thought that economy is thereby enforced , whereas it would be much safer to lease the government of a collectorate to an officer for a term of years , assigning him a revenue which must be raised and a proportionate rate of expenditure—in fact , practically treating the collectorate 8 as non-regulation districts— than to undertake to manage by tli 2 Central Government what the Central Government is totally incompetent to effect .

      There is many a district which , under responsible government , would be provided with public unpruvements and reproductive works , because its suii <; rior , seeing his way , would raise a loan for works of irrigation or communication , repaying the loan out of the surplus revenue created , and having the credit of a good district to pledge .

      Indirectly many civilians have rel . itions with mercantile houses , and the uncovenanted are engaged in many " enterprise . * , so that in the Deobroghur district of Assam , it is asserted by the Dacca Neii-s that there is not a ~ single official who is not the owner of a teagarden—and we believe this . to be the case , so far as we know—^ and that the tea cultivation has been much indebted to such support- The growth of Simla ; Darjeeling , Mussoorie , Nynee Tal , Oatakamuiid , ami other English settlementsin the hills , has been much favoured by officials taking up land plots and building houses ; and had they not done so , the experiment of settling in these remote regions would have been , in most , cascs , contested . A freer recognition of the right of investment would , however , have much stimulated enterprise .

      Those who have watched carefully Indian progress are aware that improvement has been greatly fostered by the energetic endeavours of civilians , military , and surgeons , who have made known the resources of particular districts and exerted themselves to obtain aid from the Government , and the application of private capital . It is one great encouragement to enterprise in India that in the present time any judicious undertaking will ' obtain a large amount of capitul from the public servants , and , through their influence , from the natives . Let the present system of government have fair play , let Lord Stanley persevere in the course to which he has pledged him . sejf , and us the demand for

      improvement is great , so will tho measure of improvement be considerable . Tho public officer will fuel a greater confidence in the Government , ho will invest his money in the soil , and with the advantages of hill residence a much ftrcator number of men will spend their retirement in India , instead of England , forming , with their children , a most valuable addition to that essential instrument of Government in India—tho English public . What id expected of Lord Stanley i ' , the liberation of tho civilians from the restrictions of board orders ) , and tho impediments of caste , and in fact , by giving them greater liberty throughout , to strengthen and I'litorco their responsibility , Great no is tho jealousy displayed ot the . Indian civilians as now constituted , there is no Indian Resident who does not wisli that their locul prerogatives shall bo increased , so that they shall have freer action , of the districts ovqi

      and in reality bo tho governors which they preside . Then tho settlor will himself have greater privileges and greater prerogatives , for ho will rise in the political scale , and bo less amenable to tho dictations and interference of the central « utl ; ° "Uo 8 at tho ProsIdenclos , while ho will linvo all tlio benefit of anneal to them for protection In caso of bomg aggrieved by tho local authority . At tho present moment there aro so-oalloil municipal c ommissioners of largo cUies who cannot stir a stop without tho express authorisation of tho magistrate and collector , and or tho aupromo Government ima its departments , oven to tho expenditure of HI . Tho Government gnssotto of any ono ol tho Prwldonctofl , indeed , is as strong a , condonmjitibn of tho system of Indian administration as aro tho contents of tho Monitmr of tho French administration . Horo ogoln wo call upon Lord Stanley to comply with tho public roquiromonts to lesson tho labours of tho Bunromo ana presidential Governments by rolloving thorn

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      THE POLICE REGIMENTS . Wntr . B the voice of enlightened meii is calling out for * he reduction of the native force and for the extend . > : i of European police superintendence , the Indian authorities are raising a new native army , under the naisie of military police , formed into regiments , and with only two or three English officers attached to them . Into these regiments they have invited the most danjarous elements of the Indian population ; with no suili ' . ieat supervision .- The local police remains in the old state of neglect , left in the hands of the same vagnbt . nds , superior and inferior , with the traditionary praetiLvs of torture and oppression . The police of India are . as much an object of dread of the aggrieved population as the police of Russia , and murders have been hushed \ i ;> by the public subscription of a village for bribery ... f tb . fi police , rather than tlw inhu . bitiuiis should have the expense , vexation , and loss of time of a reference of the criminal to the distant magistrate . It is , of course , impossible to take raw Englishmen and turn them into police superintendents and inspectors ina country of which they do not know the language , though , for that matter , the A division , which ha . s s .: nt police officers to Hong-Kong , would furnish younp ; men of a better class , who have already acquired ^ languages , and would engage in the Indian service , subject to examination . If the Indian police wc-re put on a good footing

      something like the Irish police , it would receive available recruits . For Calcutta , ' Madras , Bombay , and wherever there is a European superintendence of police . cadcts should bo taken on as station-clerks and-assistants , and on their passing the required examination in languages , they * should be posted to Mofussil stations , umlt'r commissioners and superintendents appointed from among old Indians . The city police would be cheaply officered by probationers , and its efficiency would ut

      increased . . Throughout each Presidency , what la now in progress in Madras should be carried out . Commissioners mui assistant-co mmissioners should bo appointed , on < l duel superintendents of collectorntcs , and besides suppKinj them with retired sergeants and Eurasian assistants , they should have cadets placed under them as already pro . posed . Those who know tho competition that takes plnco for tho Irish constabulary will not doubt that ft good supply of young men will bo obtained for tho 3 but willing to

      Indian police , not A . A . ' a or J . A . ' s , men subject thomselvcs to the examination tent heron I tor , and , in tho moan while , able to do service for board aim clothing , being well-built , smart , and healthy inon , ny ™ to nmko their way across country . Such a service , having a fair prospect of promotion , would not require tho tremendous salaries of tho Civil Scrvico ami tiu'ir satellites . Tho municipal commissioners of towns should likewise bo instructed with tho police , and I n'y would employ Europeans under thoir own Hupi'i-vioioii . With tho oxtension of volunteer mag istrates , Hk . to aio many districts whpro newly-appointed European * " »» bo nblo to work satisfactorily . ,

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      Austuai . ian Mail Contract . — Government Iimb no coptoU tl » o tender of tho Peninsular and Orluiitul bunm Navigation for a monthly mall eorvlco botwoon i » country and . Australia , vul Suez . The route pro ,. ; « J * by Mauritius , ana tho . time between '• Soiithomnto n « Sydney is fifty-five , and Melbourne fifty-two « 1 . £ which will b « reduced to fifty and ferty-ffvon o oo tlvely by tlio Marseilles route Tho subsidy-to na \ ™ bo about 18 / 5 , 000 / . a year . There was ono otlioi tumor —from tho Koyal Mail Company .

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      1104 THE LE ^ ijEj ^ _ "ffl . » . v cTOBEB 16 > 1858 .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 16, 1858, page 1104, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2264/page/24/