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fee doubted that Austria is immeasurablystronger inJier . position on the Mincio and the Po , strategically considered , than she has ever bees , before . Her preparations are not limited , however ,, within the boundaries of her own domain . The Archduke CJhaales-Louis is said to have been commissioned to oiler terms to the Papal Government which shall induce it to enter into more intimate political relations than ever with that of Vienna . Sacerdotalism
as invited to rely unreservedly upon the bayonets of hereditary absolutism , and to withdraw its confidence in tliat respeet from the less stable and reliable parvenu power that has hitherto p layed the part of its protector . The Pope ' s assent is believed to have been asked to the occupation of Bologna and Perrara by Austrian troops , under the pretence of" necessary precaution against an outbreak . In Germany efforts are making , to draw closer the ties between the Courts of Berlin and Vienna- The new . Regent having apparently broken off the too intimate relations hitherto subsisting with the Court of St . Petersburg , is not disinclined , it is
within a mouth the Czar would have become a party to a similar compact with Victor ^ Emmanuel auu Napoleon III . We should thus be drawn into that greatest of all national calamities—a war with France ; "VVe should at the same time be engaged once more in hostilities with Russia . All the sacrifices we made so short a time ago to repel Muscovite aggression on the Danube would thereby be rendered vain . No military aid that we could render Austria in her efforts to keep or regain possession of Lonibardy could appreciably retard the course of events there . We should have quite enough to do in the Black Sea and the Baltic
without sending , expeditions against Spezzia or Toulon . Instead of being engaged on the side of national right and freedom , we should be embarked on the side of all that is most repugnant to our national interests and our national pride . " \ Vo should be involved , as our fathers were by the Tory Ministers of George III ., in a crusade against progress , ami in a sanguinary plot for the confirmation of priestly and absolutist-power . Whatever difficulties there maybe in maintaining a dignified neutrality in the fatal Italian complications , it is manifestly the duty of our Government to do so .
said , to a rapprochement with that of Vienna ; and ¦ both Cabinets eagerly seek the formation , if possible , of a triple alliance , offensive and defensive , with England . Will Lord Malmesbury and his colleagues lend themselves ti > such a scheme ? To friendly and intimate relations with the present Government of Prussia , as far as the mutual interests of the two nations are involved , we see no objection . Prussia is for the first time steadily entering upon a policy of constitutionalism , and it is for our interest in every point of view that ske should succeed . If an alliance offensive and
defensive between the free states of Northern Europe , including Sweden , Denmark , Holland , Belgium , and the Hanse Towns were proposed , we should heartily rejoice to see it brought to completion by the joint influence of Great Britain and Prussia . But to any € ntanglenTent of this country with tlie despotic concerns of either Austria on the one hand , or France on the other , we are and shall ever be opposed . If they chose to go to war between themselves , and if unhappy Italy is to be once more their battle-ground , we have no business to
interfere . But considering all that is past , and the hopes we held out to Piedmont in conjunction with France , to induce her to j oin her arms to ours in the Crimea , it would be impossible for us to enter into any compact with Austria which aught bring ¦ us into collision with our Sardinian ally . We are not advocating a rupture on the part of this country with any Continental power . Generally speaking , we . are averse to armed interposition in the affairs of foreign states . Were Louis Napoleon to attempt , like his uncle , territorial aggrandisement beyond the Alps , that would be another matter j
but we have no belief in his making any such attempt . It would be quite sufficient gain for him if , through his aid , Northern Italy were emancipated from the hateful yoke it now endures ; and there can be little question that with a whole population in arms , and a Piedmonte . se army supported by a hundred thousand Frenchmen , German domination in Lombardy must in a few months cease to * xist . That may or may not be a matter of regret with English courtiers and diplomatists ; but it is perfectly certain that with nineteen-twentieths of the English people it would be matter of unmixed rejoicing . If ever foreign rulers deserved tp lose the
rich possessions they have long held , the Austnans deserve the loss pi" Northern Italy . What this country has a right to insist upon , and what she would be able peremptorily to enforce , provided , she Jceej >» aloof from the struggle , is the future independence of the Milanese from all foreign control . If the Lombards , when freed / chose to nave a separate government , let them have it . If the people of Venice and Milan wish tp he united with their brethren of Genoa , and Turin , why should they not be so P All we have to care for is that France does not become too strong at the expense of Austria and the Italians .
But let us look at the question , in another , and , for us , a still more serious point of view . France and Piedmont need no help in dealing with their German antagonist in Lonibardy , and Europe may fairly stand by and see them fight it out . But what comer of Europe can hope to be exempt from universal conflagration if England be enticed to meddle in tho fray . JDoes any one of ordinary information or intelligence believe that Russia could or would resist such an opportunity as would then be afforded her to retrieve and revenge her reverses of 1854 and 1855 P Let British diplomatists sign a treaty of offensive and defensive alliance with Austria , and m
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INDIAN PROVIDENT rUNDS . In our issue of tho 271 U ultimo we din-clotUiw ' ; tion to the manner hi which tho pro / it *» ' , bullion had aflocteu those Provident ll'b llt l 1 " " ; which have a commeroiul bourni ( r , name i \ ,, «¦ , auoo Companion ; but thoro arp otlior wtoiosw
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degrees , shape and fat grew to be the sole ] ioiX ot consideration , especially with tho farmer and the middleman , who have but fuint ideas of fl butcher ' s stall , and far less of tho table OLlio considerations intervened . Gentlemen be » a-n in breed beasts , and to feed them , in more " rhole sale style . It was - a great object to brin * them to market m a certain state of fatness at the market price . Hence y-vcm inquiry to dis cover that kind of food which would produce the
largest amount of fatness . How benclieial if this could be done in a shorter time for then there was so much the greater proiil ou the capital . The feeding for prompt fatness became " the fashion " The excellence ot the food was shown in . tho celerity with which flic fat . developed , itself ; and tlius it was that fatness became the sole . standard . Smithfield groaned under a dead-weight of uneatable tallow , and the prize ox became the butt of llood the liumnnist-satirist . '
At hist , even the agriculturalist became aware of his enormity , and liu corrected it . The beasts exhibited at the 13 akcr-street Bazaar this year are really so much more artistical in form , and so much , diminished in mere magnitude of obesity , that tlic agriculturalist , judging from 1 lie old" standard measure , is naturally btruek with the greatness of the change . On the other hand , well knowing what good meat is , accustomed to look upon pic : ? , sheep ,
and cut tie from a mere average , aud . perhaps more artistical , point of view , the public is struck with the fact that the prize ox or the prize wether is far more like , his old prize prototype uf thr . Siuiihfleld show than-his real type in nature . The wether , for example , is much more like the panting , pampered manufacture of 1 S 3 S , tliuu he is like-the wild horned animal that Hies up the steeps of the Scottish mountains almost like a bird . Aixl when .
THE PROGRESS OF MEAT RE-FORM . The Duke of Richmond remarked that v c no longer see the masses of fat that encumbered the SmTthfield Cattle Show , while the visitors to the exhibition are struck this year with the slightness of the change from the period of maximum fatness . The prize cattle this year are unquestionably less astounding in the magnitude of their fat ; and , with great skill in handling , something like completeness in the ventilation , and their certainly improved proportions , so far at least as the fat is concerned , they display far less " distress" than -they . have done
in previous years . Some of them are comparatively lively . The pigs repose in motionless placidity . Though still alive and breathing , they arc little more than the pork of the future , only with a differenceit is the pork who is still conscious of the pleasures of the table , whereas hereafter he will himself be the subject matter of such consciousness . Some of the best beasts have been sold oil " , the majority remain for the prize market of Monday next ; they will be exhibited next week in butchers' shops , duly ticketed ; and crowds will hang round the windows to gaze upon the vast dimensions of the joints Ihc initiated
and the huge proportion of the fat . butcher may tell them , perchance , that the proportions arc not so disproportionate as they used to be ; that there is move symmetry in the joints ; that the line of beauty has been restored to the leg or shoulder . But the public will look on with n sceptical eye , doubting whether the rich tinge of the fat is precisely the perfection , either for the pleasures or wholesomeuess of the table . For the public has discovered by this time , that , after all , the ox which gets the prize is not the nicest in the eating ; and they have been told , on excellent authority , that it
is by no means conducive to health—that , in fuct , a prize ox is a model of unhealthy meal . It is not so tough , not so insipid as the lenn beast that the French peasant can scarcely spur to market , but , perhaps , it is even less suitable for human food . And it is a disagreeable fact that the prize o . \ of the present season was removed from tlio show soon after he had obtained his prize , because he was discovered to be labouring under contagious disease . The public and the agriculturalist stand in totally opposite relutions on the subject , and on each sale the view is perhaps as natural as it could bp . To the public , the proof of the beef is in the eating ; but tho agriculturalist does not look quite so far as the table ; his prospqet terminates at a shorter to the
stage . The vista from his field extends only market ; the pbject is , with him , to roar a boast for exhibition in the open place of some country town , or in Smithfield , or perhaps simply to rear him for the salesman , who mediates between the field and the market . Now customs , m all relations of life , grow up slowly , and aftor they have been once established they become manner ims . It is so as much in tho art of agriculture as in painting . In the good old times , when comparatively little art was used , when a beast was well fed , and kept , and fattened well , you , might bo tolerably sure ho was good moat . TUo bu . tob . er looked at his points aud felt liis sides , nnd if he was of the standard form , with ft sufllcionov of fat , ho purchased the beast , tolerably sure that ho would out up well into tlio regulated joints . By
you bring the two to table , the resemblance to the old tame victim is still greater , with proportionate want of sipidily and whulesoincncss for the epicure . Prize-meat is still not the best meat . "YVe cannot , however , expect-reform in a hurry . It was after the Cattle . Show last year that llr . Frederick James Giuit publi > hed his excellent and concise volume on the viscera of various-beasts exhibited at that show . Hero we have an anatomical account of those viscera ,. 'with coloured lithographic
drawings ; showing " the healthy heart of a sheep , " " diseased heart of a sheep by conversion to fat ., the Duke . of . Richmond , K . G ., exhibitor and breeder ;" " diseased lungs of a sheep , Lord Burners , exhibitor and breeder ; " " mutton chop , the Duke of Richmond , K . G ., exhibitor and breeder ;' " healthy heart of heifer — diseased heart of heifer by conversion to fat , II . H . U . toe Piinco . Consort exhibitor and breeder ; "' "the diseased heart , of un ox by conversion io fut , Edward Wortloy , lvsq ., exhibitor ami breeder . There ' arc u \ so drawings which show libre ., ol the
meat degenerated inlo fatty cells , various . worms taken from fatly substances in the lutiLr-, \ c . Perhaps nothing presents the contract more powerfully than the two heifers' hearts . One is a ml , rounded conu , willithu point iluwnwards , ' C-mTca above by fatty portions in compact , linnly-ouUiiieJ , and symmetrical inusacs , tho body of Ihc visciwol tho natural deep red . The diseased heivrl lmS grown broad , its point is blunted , the jut uuote has spread to bo broader than tlio viscus nsi'lt , nua is heavy , shapeless , ami yellow ; thchcart a ^> i pale , unnatural colour—a kind of dim brown . LUcone machine is evidently calculated to receive tlio Jiowiiuy blood oinroudercd bv healthy digestive ¦«>> " «»»!* . . « T
aoratcd by healthy lungs , aud to propel it tlirougu healthy arteries ; the oilier , a dead roeiJplw'W > £ languid blood , whicli it can scarcely contract \ o pump through the clmnuela of life ; and n » » l Jj « channels , under a languid vegetative ^ ' ^ V " blood is half converted iulo'ill-construeloU nuu , and the blood itself corrupting before it becon s tho moat intended for our table , 'lhero whs no power last ynar of judging the shuwbv I ho ¦ "*« IWU * J ' J which Mr . Gant has instiluttnl : this your the eves of agriculturalist * , as well us of ( lit ; interested pi J . liavo boon further opened ; uml-noxl vimr , »•> ^ U " ' tho volume will bo still more profitable m elucidations .
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1354 II E LEADE R . ___ I ? ° - » DeceAoeii 11 , 1853 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 11, 1858, page 1354, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2272/page/18/
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