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^k» ? *~«.T Vit^»»rt /.*vrt *v /trt vv^rt WlTIjIUUil Up0rr?»|JflllUtlU*»
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FRANCE . Paris , Thursday , 6 p . m . TUB CONDITIONS OF PEACE . Tt would be unwise to endeavour to conceal from the English public that the dissolution of Lord Derby ' s ministry , and the advent to power of Lord John Russell , but more particularly of Lord Palmerston is regarded here by the friends of peace with considerable apprehension , and even dismay , while the partisans of warv and imperial aggrandisement hail the change as most propitious to the fulfilment of their hopes ; for it is believed , that although no English minister , however greatly he might be influenced would venture to the vio
bv party spirit , propose - lation of treaties , on which repose the public law am order of Europe ; yet Lord Palmerston is imagined to be so devoted an admirer of the present regime in France , and of its author ; and to bear such personal ill-will to Austria and her statesmen , that were he to stand at the head of the Government , the weight and influence of England ' s councils would be withheld from Austria , if not thrown entirely on the side of France and Sardinia . Of course it is not forme to say what amount of truth or falsehood there may be in this opinion ; I merely report it for the information of your readers , as being very generally current among the war party . It is for them to decide what amount of Credit is to be attached , to itand to draw their own conclusions .
, Towards the end of last week the conditions upon which the Emperor had made up his mind to accept peace , were circulated among those who are . his personal adherents , and who form what is termed the palace party— " le parti du chateau . " They are , or at least were reported to be , as follows : — The Emperor of Austria to withdraw his troops from the Legations . Abrogation of the private and secret treaties of Austria with Naples , Tuscany , Modena , Parma and Home . . The formation of . all the Italian states , from Naples to Sardinia , into a confederation , something after the model Of the German confederation .
The Lombardo-Venetian provinces to make part of the confederation , under the Government of Francis Joseph , riot as Emperor of Austria , but as King or Archr-Duke of Lombardo-Venetia . ? x . A separate * independent , arid Italian Government of the L 6 rribardo- ~ V " enetian provinces , which is to be understood to imply the elimination of the Geririan element , from the administration the recall of the Austrian army , and the non-employment of Italian soldiers in any but the Italian dominions of Francis Joseph . The constitution of a federative army , from contingents contributed by all Italian States . The constitution of a federative navy in like
manner . The establishment of the Code Napoleon throughout the entire peninsula . Austria to use her influence to obtain the general reform of all Italian Governments , particularly the secularisation of the administration of Rome ^ and the establishment of representative bodies to control public ' expenditure . Other reforms have been spoken of , such as the introduction of uniformity in weights and measures , and the assimilation of custom laws ; but these are matters of detail for private arrangement , and can scarcely require the intervention of a European Congress for their settlement ,
When these conditions were first circulated , the general impression among , the Palace party was that they would not rcpeive the approval and support of England . If they were sought to be imposed upon Austria , and upon their acceptance made to depend the issue of peace "or war , Lord Derby ' s ministry , it was imagined , would take part against EVanoe . The Emperor Nappleon is reported to have been of a different anil opposite opinion all along . He is said to havo shown unshaken confidence in the maintenance of the Anglo-French alliance , and an undisturbablo boliof that the English Government and nation would acquiesce in his terras . Since there appears a chance of Lord Palmorston ' s return to
ofltco the Emperor ' s reputed conditions seem too easy to the war party . They imagine they may rely with security upon the cordial co-operation of the noble viscount to enforce harder torms upon Austria , and upon his neutrality , if not physical , and to repel the Todeschi from Italy altogetiior . The hopes , therefore , of the war party have rison enormously , and congratulations are bandied about upon the prosnqpt of speedily seeing Lombardo-Venetia annexed to Sardinia , by a campaign which is to out-rival in effect and brilliancy that of Marongo , which , is to secure , as a mark of gratitude , Savoy and Nipo to France , to increaso the artistic riches of the Louvre , and augment tho hangings in the church of tlio luvaUdes .
The friends of peace , however , who yield to no one in sympathy with Italy , and sincere desire for her independence , are inclined to believe that no change of ministry in England will induce the Emperor to swerve from the course he is reported to have marked ' out . If it be true that the conditions stated above are those which it is intended to submit to the forthcoming congress , it is more than probable that they will meet with t lie hearty concurrence of the English people , and I venture to believe that they will be looked upon as the most convincing proof which the Emperor has yet given . of his wisdom , moderation , ' respect for public law , arid high estimation of the English alliance ; for they do not , so far as I can judge , infringe the treaties of 1815 , nor disturb the territorial arrangements which , they made .
The Emperor of Austria will not have his dominions curtailed , although lie may rule over a portion of them under a novel and , perhaps , more legitimate title . Not a square yard of territory will be added to the French Empire , nor to round off the domains of Victor Emmanuel . Neither France nor Sardinia are likely to acquire additional influence in Italy , nor will the leg itimate authority of Francis Joseph be diminished . No French prince is to be quartered upon a neighbouring people , nor * is any slight offered to the great German people , while the problem of Italian independence and Italian unity is left to be worked out in peace and order , by the Italians themselves . Lastly , it iflust not be forgotten that the huge corroding cancer of Papal , domination will be erased from the body politic , arid with it the mania for assassination of political opponents which disgraces Italy .
It remains to be seen whether the English Government and nation will unite with the Emperor to strengthen his hands to resist the seductions of Count Cavour arid of the Italian revolutionary party , who desire not only the expulsion of Austria from LOmbardo Venetia , but also that of the English from Malta , and of the French from Corsica .
THE ARMAMENTS . Meanwhile the armaments continue , and are pushed forward with amazing rapidity . To pTOvide for them a Bill is now before the Senate to authorise a new loan , the particulars of : which have not yet transpired . Three separate armies are collected in the south-eastern districts of France . . Soldiers on furlough are swarming in from the provinces to head-quarters . The whole of the Algiers army- —probably 80 , 000 men—exercised' for war arid the fatigues of campaigning , are being gradually brought back to France , and their place supplied by new levies . God help the Italians who may have to suffer the protection of 2 touaves and " Africans , " as they are called , who are practised in razzias , and nurtured with traditions of Dahara !
It was expected that the review of last Sunday would , not pass without a manifestation of some sort or other . But nothing beyond enthusiastic cries of Vive VEmpereur , Vive VImperatrice , and Vive le Prince Imperial were heard . The review was a very brilliant affair , and was taken , for what it was meant to be , as a manifestation of physical force . As some of your contemporaries , including many of the Paris journals , have fallen into error , and considerably underrated the number of men at present under arms in the Champ dc Mars , I forward the details . There were present the first military division or Army of Paris , which lias always been reported to muster 40 , 000 men of all arms , besides additional troops , as will presently be seen . The whole were under tho orders of Marshal Magnan , who was attended by a brilliant and numerous staff .
The infantry was formed by divisions on four lines , to the west of the ground ; tho cavalry on the three lines opposite , and the infantry to the east } the artillery to the north , with tho Seine behind , and tho immense parallelogramme was coinplot « d by the Imperial staff—among which were fewer foreign uniforms than usual—ranged in front of the Ecole Militairo . Tho first infantry division , conn .-manded' by General Foroy , was composed of the 17 th battalion of rifles , tho 74 th , 84 th , 91 st , and 98 th regiments . of the linej the second infantry division , commanded by General Ladmirault , was composed of the 10 th battalion of rifles , the 15 th , of tho linothe
Slst , 61 st , and 100 th regiments ; third infantry division , commanded by General Ulrich , was composed of tho 14 th battalion of rifles tho 18 th , 26 th , 80 th , and 82 nd regiments of the line } the fourth infantry division , commanded toy General Vinoy , was composed of the Cth battalion of rifles , tho 52 nd , 73 rd , 85 th , and 80 th regimonts of the lino . There were also on the ground tl » o battalion of tho city flromon and battalions of the Paris guards . The artillery consisted of the 14 th regiment of horse artillery , and of the 2 nd regiment of foot artillery . Tho first cavalry division , commanded by Gonoral Notto , was composed of tho 3 rd hussars , and of tho 3 rd , Oth , and 7 tu dragoons .
The second cavalry division , commanded by General Dubern , was composed of the 1 st and 4 th cuirassiers , and of the 1 st and 2 nd carabineers . A squadron of the Seine gendarmerie , and squadrons of mounted Paris guards , besides the military train , were alsopresent . There were thus upon the ground fifty-five battalions of infantry , thirty-six squadrons of cavalry , and thirty weight guns . If we take the battalions at their minimum of 800 rank and file , there would Ibe 44 , 000 men . The squadrons , at 300 sabre . s , would give 10 , 800 men , and the artillery regiments , at 800 men each . We should have a total of 56 , 000 men of all arms , and which , I think , to be rather under than above the mark , although the papers before referred to gave no mOre than 35 , 000 .
COMMERCIAL SITUATION . I regret to have to report little or no improvement . Trade is at a stand-still here , and never were so many members of the middle classes sold up by the taxgatherer before . In the Paris inarket , metals are officially reported to be "in the same state of stagnation , " with the exception of Banca tin , which has been sold at an advance of from . £ 1 to £ 2 per ton . Red copper sheets have risen £ 2 per ton , without sales , and rolled lead , 16 s . per ton , also without sales . Corn fell 50 cents , the half heeolitre ; flour a little firmer than last week . Soap same prices , but sales less active ; and nothing doing in wools . Sugars have fallen : coffee and alcohol have risen . Grease and oils in request .
At Havre , nothing doing in cocoa , but sales with a rise of from 16 s . to 32 s ; per ton in coffee . Nothing doing in leather , nor in cochineal , nor in oils , nor in metals , nor in rice , norm sugars ^ nor in fats ; and it ; is nearly the same with all articles of trade in tha provincial markets and seaports .
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- The Ministerial Crisis . —On Thursday a meeting was held between Lord Derby and about 140 of his supporters at his official residence in Downingstreet . The meeting was of ~ a private and confidential nature . Lord Derby addressed his friend s * we are informed , for upwards of an hour . Sympathy with Rebels . —^ At the recent Kilkenny Assizes an action was brought by , the editor of the Kilkenny Journal against the editor of the Belfast Mercury , for an alleged libel . _ The jury
awarded a verdict , of £ 5 . The following is a portion of the cross-examination of the plaintiff . — " Mr . Rolleston , Q . C . ; A great many people have different opinions as to the struggle in India , have they not ? Kenealy : Yes , I suppose so . Are your views peculiar on the subject ?—Can't say ; I can only answer for myself . You wished success to the reyolt ?—I wished the cause of right success . Did you not wish success to the revolt , Sir ?—I did . You wished t > see British rule in India overthrown ?—Ye . s , T did *
Were your sympathies with the rebels ?—JChey were for the Indian people struggling for independence . Were they not rebels against the British Governr ment ?—They were in arms against the East India . Cornpany . Were they not in arms against the British Government , against the Queen ?—Against the East India Company . Come , Sir , were uot the Queen ' s troops there ?—I can't say . On your oath , Sir , were not the Queen ' s troops there—were not the 88 th there ?—They may have been there in the pay of the East India Company . Do you believe there were any troops there not in the pay of the East India Company ?—( No answer . ) On your Oath , do vou believe there were no regiments there in the pay
of tho Queen of England ?—I cannot answer } I considered , generally speaking , the troops there wore i » tho pay of the India Company . Did you wish euccers to the Sepoys ?—I wished tho oause of right and freedom success . On your oath , did you wish success or defeat to the British soldiers ?—( No answer . ) If you have a feeling on tho subject , you ought not to bo ashamed to express it . —( After a pause ) I wished defeat , certainly . ( Sensation . ) Is not defeat best sopured by the slaughter of tho soldiers ( ( -d pause . ) Speak out , if you aro a man . —I am a manj there are many ways . Slauglitor is oner—xos . Disease is another ?—Yes . Cholora p—\ oa . J ) ifi
you wish defeat , to the British soldiers by slaughter and disease ?—I did not consider tho matter in that light . Give me a plain answor , Sir , to a plain guostion—did you or did you not ? -My sympathies wo ? o witSi the soldiers individually , but »> J with ttj cause thoy woro engaged in . Was not the defeat and slaughter of the Queen ' s troops the surest way of sooSff success to the Sepoys ? -rI suppose no . Was not ' ymi aSety for the defeat of the ( iuoen a troops , and for tho success of the Sepoye ?—Yes , it wSs . Aa a public journalist , you consider yourself bound to publish your own opinions ?—I do . You wot . dVonsidor yourself unfaithfulto your trust if you did not disseminate your own opinions ?—I woulO , "
^K» ? *~«.T Vit^»»Rt /.*Vrt *V /Trt Vv^Rt Wltijiuuil Up0rr?»|Jflllutlu*»
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No . 472 , APMLtfc 1859 . 1 THE E 1 ADEB . 471 :
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 9, 1859, page 471, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2289/page/23/
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