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and clime , m which , respect Tullia resembled , her motlter , but with talents far surpassing . At her hotise the best society in Rome assembled . She , top , was a poetess— -sl sonnet ¦ writer , but of the Sappho-kind . She flitted from court to court , followed by a train of versifiers and admirers . She was also the authoress of a poem , entitled " Querrino il Meschino , " in 36 cantos of octavo rhyme , and consisting of some thirty thousand lines . Peace to her memory I The life on which Mr . Trollope has bestowed most labour , and in wLich his labour has been most successful is that of Olympia Morata . Her high European reputation justified the distinction ; nor is her life without value to us . She marks the
spiritual life of-the sixteenth century . The next great life , that of Bianca Capello , marks its physical life ; shewing its excelsior in sensuality and criminality , . until , at the culminating point , Nemesis appears ; then farewell to the duped pageant , and away with the living puppet , punished for example sake , that others may not seek such dangerous triumphs . Of the remaining biographies , that of Elizabeth Sirani paints the artistic life of the seventeenth century , and that of Olympia Pamfili , the pontifical . In La Corrilla we have an' example of the manner in : which interested despotism undertakes the patronage of literature , until it makes its proditets " safe"" for itself , and worthless to the producer . Maria Maddalena Morelli , crowned in Rome with the laurel crown which had been
honoured by the brows of Petrarch and Tassoshe , with Perfetti , who had likewise been suffered to receive the distinction , has vanished from memory ; her name no longer named among : poets or poetesses , but made the subject of a contemptuous biography , illustrative of the corruption of literature and the abuse of power . We could have wished that in treating these subjects Mr . Trollope had touched them more lightly .. There is a jiervading heavy Carlyleism
which we would fain have seen substituted by something more wholesome , positive , and original . Nevertheless , his gallery of portraits is highly interesting and instructive ; the lights and shades of contemporary manners are very skilfully disposed . No . one can rise from the perusal of these elaborate biographies in other than a thoughtful mood ; and thereafter he will feel himself * a stronger man , in an intellectual respect , for having read them . Lot them be read slowly and carefully by whosoever undertakes the task .
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BIBLICAL LITERATURE IN JTKANCE . A New Translation of the Psalms from , the Hebrew Text , with JVotes ana Commentaries . By Ambroise Itendu . Former Titulary Counsellor of the University , &c ., Paris . Vol . I . A . novkx . and very encouraging feature in the piesent state of French literature is the tendency of some writers to study for themselves anew , and with a certain amount of independence , the sources of all worldly wisdom , the basis of all law , and the foundations of all social order—the inspired -writings which constitute the Book .
Persons who form their estimate of French modern literature from the historical romances of M . Alexandre Dumas , and the romance-histories of M ; Thiers ; from the social morality pf Madame Dudovant ' s novels , and the political morality of M , Grainier do Cassagnac ' s articles ; from the philo-. Bophy of the Enfantlns , and the religion of M . "Vouellot ; from the political economy of writers in the ConutUntionncl , and the treatise of M . Prudhom on the rights of property , will probably be surprised to learn that a public can be found in France how-ad ( iys so indifferent to stock-jobbing , and the glories of the empire , as to read and enjoy a new translation of the Psalms of David . That such should bo the case , argues that a . 11 the educated mombors of French
society avo not so " used up" as to require the prurient crudities of M . Gozlan , or the detailed dissertations on Royal Harlotry of M . Capeflguo , to give them an appetite for reading . Nor is it loss remarkable that an inspector-general of studios in a university , during a period that it \ nxa anathematised as ?« godless" by the greater part of the clergy , should devoto the evening of his daye to present his countrymen with the opportunity of enjoying the grandest poetry of till time—the Bon $ » . of the Prophet King . It is truo , however , that although M . Rondu entered upon his educational duties in 1800 , when the doctrines of the Philosophy of Reason etlll hold partial ewuy , and worked , under the Empire , which madq roliglon an instrumont of state policy , by no moans the most respectable , under
the restoration which held it Aon fore to patronise , and under the July monarchy , which thought it best let alone , he never ceased to advocate the necessity of religious instruction , while labouring in the eause of mixed education . . ; _ There is another feature in connexion with M . Rendu ' s work , which cannot fail to be accepted as a hopeful sign by those who believe that the whole surface of French society is not abandoned to the gaudy but choking- weeds of ultramontanism , ¦ who hold stedfastly to the belief that the good seed , sown by the old Huguenot spirit , will yield an abundant harvest in due time , anfl ultimately afford protecting shelter to the liberties of the Gallicari Church , just as here the . presence of Protestantism protects English And it
Catholics from the encroachments of Rome . is this : the author lias cast aside that injunction of the Roman Church which forbids giving the Book to the vulgar , and has asserted the fallibility of her judgment , at a time when her infallibility was never more intolerantly maintained , or greater show of defence paid to her by the temporal powers of the world . In a word , M . Rendu does not accept the vulgate without inquiry . He has undertaken to compare the Latin version of the Psalms , consecrated by the decision of the Council of Trent , with the Greek version of the Scptuagint , and with the Hebrew text itself . . Where the vulgate disagreed with the two other versions he has corrected it , and with rare courage . has treated the famous Council of Trent as liable to error .
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Opportunities for Industry ; or , a Thousand Chances to make Money . By Edwin T . Freedley , author of a Practical Treatise on Business , &c . Sampson , Low , Son , and Co ., Ludgate-hill . Mit ; FREEirr-ET is a well-known American writer . He is exceedingly industrious , but rather unscrupulous . Pie ransacks every kind of work for his materials , is j udicions in his selection , but uses them without ' stint , and is not always careful in distinguishing his own from what he . borrows . . His present work is a continuation in spirit and purpose of his " Treatise on Business , " which is well known in England as . a description of the art of making money ; and he appropriately uses the late panic as
a peg on which to hang Ms new recommendations . He encourages the pursuit of wealth , not only by showing how fortunes have been made , of which he gives , numerous anecdotical examples , but by pointing out many means by which they may yet be made . No one can gain mucli by his own unaided exertions , and the great art accordingly is to make one ' s self useful to others , and get help from many . Or one may" make them believe that he can be useful to them , and so get services frony them , or money , which is the representative of services . A man may get a large fortune by inventing and manufacturing a steel pen useful to everybody , or ho may , by
advertising , make them believe he has done so ; but to get money he must actually serve others , or make them believe he can serve them . Mr . Freedley enumerates and describes a great number of means of accomplishing this object ; . and as they are as numerous as the wants of mankind , and the means of gratifying them , it is only needful thus to describe his book and to make a few extracts as samples of the whole . The book is amusing , and will probably be widely read , but does not merit criticism . As a project has of late been entertained to take on ourselves the sovereignty of the Feejeo island , the following extract will show how fortunes
are made there . < ? Tho despised sea-slug , or Bichc \ do Mer , has enabled supercargoes to meet . their employers with smiling fncos , while the cargo pf silks , teas , sugar , and of other pro- * ducts pompously imposing on tho mnnifesf , has provod the bankruptcy of its owner . " It is found among the Fejee group of islands , and belongs to tlie HQlotliuria . When prepared , it finds a ready sale in China , where it Is usod as nn ingredient in rich soups . " Firewood Is indispensable in tho curing process , each picul of JBioho do Bier requiring about half a cord of wood to cure it . Thls'fuel is purchased from the cliiofs , who sometimes furnish m much as twenty cords for a single musket . Tho usual orico nnld for the animals is a
whale ' s tooth for a hogshead ; but thoy are also exchanged for muskets , powdor , balls , vermilion , paint , axes , hatchets , beads , knlvos , scissors , chisels , piano-irons , gauges , fish-hooks , small glosses , flints , cotton cloths , chests , trunks , Sco . Of beads , blue are preferred , and cotton cloth of the same colour is most in demand . In tho progess of drying , tho JBlcho da Mar loses two-thirds both of its weight and bulk , and , when cured , resembles a emokod snusngo . In this stato It Is sold by tho picul ( 183 pounds ) , which brings from fifteen to twenty dollars . The Bioho do Mar Is sometimes carried to Canton , but more usually to Manilla , whence it Is shipped to Ohlnn . "In order to show tlte profits wlilqh arise from tho trade In , tho article , tho following table , showing tho returns of flvo voyages to the Veojuo group , iurnleheuby an American long engaged In tho Iwelnoes , is appended to ' Wllkes ' Sketch . '
Voyage Piculs . Cost of Outfit . Produce of Sal PH dols . dola " First ........ 617 .. 1 , 101 . 00 .. 8 , O 2 l ! bo Second ....... 700 .. 1 , 200 . 00 .. 17 ' 500 00 Third ...... 1 , 080 .. 3 , 396 . 00 .. 15 ^ 0 00 Fourth 840 .. 1 , 200 , 00 .. 12 , 600 * 00 Fifth ...,. . 1 , 200 .. S&O . OO .. 27 , 000 ; 00 "A further profit , it is stated , also arises from the in . vestment of proceeds in China . " Here is some good advice .
'' But the foundation of a fortune can be laid , probablv in all the established pursuits , especially by expending more than the-usual care and labour in fiavinq the stqcJein trade of superior quality . Even in bread nie or calce baking—numerous as the bakers are I doubt not many more could do well by producing these articles of a quality better than the average , A lady , the widow of a Boston merchant , Who , though once opulent had failed , a few years ago made an independence b y bakine what is called domestic bread in contradistinction . to what is known as baker ' s bread . Her fresh-looking ' , sweettasted loaves , of full weight , were so much choicer than the ordinary bread , that customers flocked to her little store and in a very few years she had accumulated enough to purchase five hundred acres of land in Michi gan three hundred of which , we were told—five years ago were in a high state of cultivation , and from these three hundred acres she had raised in one year 6 , 000 dollars worth of wheat .
"The principle is equally applicable to mercantile as to mechanical pursuits . A firm in Philadelphia has made a fortune by putting-up teas in a more neat and convenient form than ordinary , supplying California and other markets with the packages . A mercantile house in New York received satisfactory returns from a voyage to Australia , at a time when all other shippers lost money , simply because their goods were of a superior quality , put up in a secure and attractive form , and they arrived out in good order and condition . The United States supply eighty-four per cent , of the cotton consumed in England , principally because the American cotton arrives out in
the best possible condition for the . subsequent operations of the manufacturer—is better ginned , cleaned , and packed than that from any other country .. And acrain , England sells to the United States millions of manufactured goods annually , to the injury of American manufacturers , mainly because there is an impression abroad—daily , however , becoming more unfounded and : erroneousthat English goods , at the same price , are superior in quality to the American . The world wants commodities both cheap and good , if possible ; but , at all events , good . " . In the United States there are probably many examples of land being accumulated in large masses , like the following : —
* ' I will now give you a concise history of the operations of Mr . Funk . Both before and after his marriage he had made rails for his neighbours at twenty-five cents , per one hundred . But wIkmi the lands where he lived caine into market , twenty-five years ago , he had saved of his five years' earnings 1 , 400 dollars , and says , if he had invested it all in lands , he would now hove been rich . "With two hundred dollars he bought his first quartersection , and loaned to his neighbours eight hundred dollars to buy their homes ; and with tho remaining four hundred dollars he purchased a lot of cattle . "Vfith this beginning , Mr . Funk now owns seven thousand acres of land , has near twenty-seven hundred in cultivation , and his last year ' s sales of cattle nnd hogs , at the Chicago market , amounted to a little over forty-four thousand dollars
. " Mr . Isaac Funk , of Funk ' s Grove , nine miles distant from his brothel- Jesse , and ten milus north-west from Bloomington , on the Mississippi and Chicago ltolroad , began the world in Illinois nt tlw same tune , Haying a little the advantage of Jesse , so far as having a little borrowed capital . Ho now owns about twenty-soven thousand acres of land ; has about four thousand acres in cultivation ; and his last salos of cattlo at Chicago amounted to sixty thousand dollars . "
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The Philological Essays of the late liev . * 'cA « "f Garnett , of the British Museum . Indited by his Son ' ' William nnd Norgate . Tho papers comprised in this volume havo been declared by no logs eminent nn authority than uv . Prlcluird , in his work on the Eastern Or gin of tl 0 Celtic Nations , to bo "by far tup-boat works hi comparative grammar and ethnology of the « onttUTThis oxcollonco they owe notalono to tho widei range
and scholarly exactness of the author ' s l »»» ° 3 £ attainments , but to the affluent diversity ofknov ledgo which ho had gathered from hibus fellas ftom books , and stored up in a mind of great natural vigour and sagacity . So much wo infer from tho facts recorded in the brief memoir prefixed to the volume . Mr . Garnotfc , his son tells \ is , was anything but a more linguist . It would havo been dlfflouIt to i indlajy thing with which ho was not more of Icsb con n \ i ir from Sanscrit and mathematics , to olioss and , J manufUcturo of artificial fiios , for ho w « w an , ontM siastio angler . His original destination « J > QWj was to bo placed with a house engaged in » wjj ; comraorco , and with this vJow ho wns » ° nt to Lowg to bo iixBtruotodby an Italian gentloniou nninoOacw 1 « *!« ^> , lnf , i , 11 , l nmU ' . lnnntnl lanffUUKOB . 1 XO 1 O »«
, manifested , llfco Prank Oebaldiston . n , b poi g proa lootjlon for the Italian poots , though ft dhl w t load , wm to neglect tho Italian art of book lcoonlng . bubfloquon ^ \ y ho remainod nt home for several yoaru nt vw ) > *"
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494 THE LEADER , f Ko . 473 , April 16 , 1859 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 16, 1859, page 494, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2290/page/14/
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