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RECORD OF THE WEEK. HOME -AND COLONIAL.
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XETTBR FROM GERMANY.
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police have also a discretionary power to arrest offenders , even without warrants . Though in the particular instance the result is not much to be regretted , ; yet it is obvious . that the admission of such a prineiple , acid such aiV interpretation of the law gives the ppiice uhiimited power of arrest , subject to the approval of their employers . Whether right or wrong the appeal therefore is dismissed , and the iinal sentence of death pronounced . It seems that this , verdict was submitted on the 24 th of May , by the President of the Supreme Courts to the consideration of His
Holiness the Pope , who offered no objection to its execution . ' The prisoner ' s last chance was gone , but with a cruelmercy he was left ; to linger on for eight months more : in uncertainty . It was only on the 3 rd of January that orders were sent from Rome to Perugia for the execution to take place on the 13 th . The verdict of the Court is conveyed to the unhappy wretch . On the 14 th , the last paragraph informs us , " the condemned LtriGi Bonoi was beheaded by the public executioner , in the market-place of Perugia , and his head was then exposed for an hour to the gaze of the assembled multitude . "
On the 10 th , the report from which these facts are taken was placarded on tlie walls of Rome . Whether the sentence was just or not it is impossible for me to tell . All I wish to point out is the absolute want of publicity to test the character of the evidence , the doubtful nature of the various trials ,: the manner in which strict lawis disregarded from a clerical view of justice ; and , mox-e than all / the utter uncertainty , the unlimited protraction , and the hopeless secrecy of the whole course of Jaw . The murder is committed in November , 1856 ; the murderer is arrested on the night of the crime , and for that crime he is ript tried at all till May , 1858 , and not executed till January , 1859 . For three years and a quarter after the commission of the murder no report of any trial is published . The facts need no cominenfci
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AUSTRIA AND THE SOUTH GERMAN STATES . Hanover , February 6 th , 1860 . LI KE all the rest of Europe Germany is politically occupied with the two great questions of the day , the annexation of giavoy to France , and that of Central Italy to Piedmont . There exists a general presentiment that Austria is preparing for a well-measured spring , in which she will be aided , at every risk by Hanover , Saxony , Bavaria ^ Hessia , and some of the lesser states . ^ . The reduction of Austria ' s power and influence but paves the v / ay to their own annihilation . Overtopped and cowed by Prussia in Germany , their sovereignty- would be nothing more than a name . The annexation of Savoy would destroy for ever the hopes of restoring German influence in Italy , and the-peace of Villafranca would prove to be
nothing but a snare and a deception . That Austria , knowing she has the sympathy of the great majss of Germans , will not stand with folded arms and wait till all her possessions in Italy be ftrested from her by popular agitations and diplomatic trickery , may be regarded as very certain . Some journals-in the interest of Prussia recommend the Cabinet of Vienna to sell Venice . at once , rather than risk the expense and probably further losses of another war . To this , the Austrians reply that " such advice might be expected from nations whose immediate ancestors were beggarly emigrants ; convicts , and cowards ; but it is not the advice that the descendants of warriors will follow , Austria happily possesses a landed gentry , a proud nobility , who born to ' wealth have not been taught to grovel and cringe to acquire it , : and therefore are not disposed to set so
questions of local interest . The systematic opposition of the Feudalists to all ministerial measures completely nullifies the liberal , tendencies of the Regent and his ministers . This was foreseen-. The question is . now being- discussed whether the Sovereign does not possess the" right of dissolving the ' . Upper Chamber , and it is proposed to agitate for a new law with regard to the composition of this institution . —The Upper _ Chamber , as at present composed , represents exclusively the prejudices of the feudal nobility , which are palpably obstructive to all measures of progress . A statisticalanalysis of . the . members of this Chamber shows that sixty-five members belonging to : different classes of the nobility occupy what are termed hereditary seats ; the provincial Grrqfen-Stdemme ( Count-clans ) have six- the family clans eleven : the ancient and entailed estates are represented by eighty-three members ; the cathedral foundations have three- ; the hei'editary great offices four ; the towns twenty-seven , and the universities six seats . The Crown has summoned fourteen members and thirteen crown syndicj . Three members bear the title of duke ; twenty-six that of Furst , or prince ; seventy-six are counts ; one Reidhsgraf ; four Burg-grafen ; one Ober-Burg-grafen ; twenty-six Freiherren , or baronets ; fiftysix nobles without titles ; and , lastly , forty-four commoners or burgesses . The question of the Hessian Constitution is still unsettled . The Vienna Cabinet has recommended the Elector moderation , to which , however , he refuses to listen . Prussian interference he rejects with sporn ; and so intense is his hatred of ' this latter power , that he has lately-forbidden all religious and other foundations over which . lie has control to invest their , capital in Prussian funds , recommending , on the other hand , those of Austria and Bavaria . The Elector feels strong in the support of Hanover , Saxony , and Bavaria , who appear to detest Prussia as heartily as he does . He is resolute in his opposition to the liberal portions of the Constitutions of 1831 , and that 6 f 1852 , even such as are not objected to by the Diet , and no resource is left but an appeal to the Federal Diet for protection . This the Chambers are determined to do , and fully rely upon the countenance and support of Prussia . As an instance of the highhanded measures of the Elector , and the difficulties of the Government , Lieutenant -General Haxnatj , for refusing to accept the task of forming a new ministry , was ordered to quit his official residence in Cassel within forty-eight hours . In a town like Cassel it is not easy to . procure a house of any dimensions at so short a notice , and the unlucky General was in danger of haying- ' . to take up his lodging on the cold ground , with bag- and baggage . ; Nevertheless , ; the General would doubtless have -preferred it rather than be prime minister in Hessia under present circumstances . The death of Eenst IIojBiriAENpT , which occurred on the 29 th ult ., has cast a gloom over the whole land . The Schilleu celebration was political and theatrical , but the lamentation at the departure of this worthy patriot is as impressive as . it is simple and natural . Every one who knows German knows Akndt ' s songs . None are so universally popular , and none have contributed so much to exqite that patriotism , which has become with Germans a sort of religious faith---an adoration . The distinguishing traits of this brave man and enthusiastic patriot were hatred of the French and all Latin nations , and an overweening pride of race . It was his aim to instil self-respect into the breasts of the Germans , and well he performed his part . Abnet completed his ninetieth birthday on the 20 th December , on which occasion he was inundated with congratulatory addresses from all quarters of "Germany . The excitement and exertion of answering all these proved too much for the old man's worn out frame . A national subscription has been opened for the purpose of erecting a statue to his memory at Bonn .
much value upon it as those who have had to acquire it by toiling anfl overreaching . The ambition of the Austrian is to be mighty and honoured , not merely ganed at by the world as a wondorfully successful speculator . Austria is unfortunate ; she is ill-governed , her energies crippled , her liberties lost ; but as long as she possesses her nobility she possesses honour , courage , and patriotism , and sooner or later these will restore her to life , liberty , and greatness . Austria depends not upon the genius or astuteness jof one man , and therefore she will confidently bide her time . " The officially inspired Austrian cor respondent of Boex'senhalle says :- »< - ' * It lies in the'will of Francis JpSBTH to change by a single word or a dash of his pen , the present menacing situation of the empire , and tp call forth in defence ' of his Italian possessions the whole youth of the warlike nation of
Hungary , wo dnre affirm that at this very moment the force and authority of Austria- might take such proportions as would preclude the necessity of her seeking alliances , but rather render her friendship of vital importance to certain other nations . "What this Imperial word would convey * since the Hungarian Protestant deputation has boon refused , an audience and the obnoxious Edict of 1 st September . has been confirmed by a now decree . it is difficult to guess . The Austrian Cabinet can hardly have forgotten the threatening attitude of the Hungarian people during the Italian war , and all the world js now aware that the dangers impending from that quarter pf the empire mainly condangers impending from that quarter pt the empire mainly
contributed to tlie hasty conclusion of ponce . This the Cabinet admitted by making' brilliant promises and even attempting- some reforms . The promises have still to bo fulfilled ; the reforms ore the Edict of September for the Hungarians ; and , for Austria proper , the abolition , or rather the reconstruction , of tlie guilds upon a , wider basis And more immediately under the control of the Government , The one measure has only exasperated the Protestants without gratifying' the Catholics ; ana the other , as ifc at present stands / will but slightly tend to increase the population and industrial wealth of , the nation . It is a step , indeed , in the right direction , but a very , timid one , , Tho transactions of the Prussian Chambers aro confined to
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OJN Monday , Feb . 6 th , ^ Yas announced appointment or Jw . r . Hutt , M . P ., as Vice-Pyesid . ent of the Board of Trade- —On Wednesday , Feb . 8 th , a public meeting of the inhabitants of Chelsea was held to consider measures to be taken to secure their enfranchisement . Mr , Torrens M'Cullagh made an able speech . - ^ On the same day tho London master buildors published a report expressing their ' determination to hold out ' against tho workmen yet on strike .- ^ On the same day wove published the Navy Estimates , showing an increase of £ 1 , 026 , 482 over those of last year .
The weekly not at the church of St . George s-in-the-Ensfc was repeated with increased vigour on Sunday , Feb . 5 th , —On Monday , Feb . 6 th , three boys and Jin , old woman were brought up at tho Thames Police Court , charged with disturbances in the church of St . Geovge ' s * in-tho-East ; admonished and discharged . —On Friday , Feb . 3 rd , the two American mates , named Lane and Hires , accused of murder on tho high seas , wovo finally committed to gaol until they can be sent to the United States for trial .- —On Saturday , Fel > . 4 itli , two convicts escaped from tho custody of their guards by jumping 1 out of tho window of a train in rapid motion on the Great
Western Railway ; the following day t ^ hoy wore recaptured unhurt . On Tuesday , Feb . 7 , was decided in the Court of Queen ' s Bench the case of Welzensteiu v , Sfcohwasser , for detention of plaintiff ' s goods , and assaulting Ms wife by kissing her ; verdict for defendant ; jury considered plaintiff to have trumped up a case to extort money . On Wttesaay , JPeb . 7 , ft batcher at Coventry , named Fawson , murdered his wife and coxwniilifced suicide from jealousy . — -On tho same day an inquest was hold on the body of a Spanish sailor ,
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144 The I ^ eader and Saturday Analyst . [ Feb . 11 , 1860 .
Record Of The Week. Home -And Colonial.
RECORD OF THE WEEK . HOME -AND COLONIAL .
Xettbr From Germany.
XETTER FROM GERMANY .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 11, 1860, page 144, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2333/page/20/
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